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The American Indian Pacer Parent Education Program, 2002.
This paper look at the Pacer Parent Education Program for Native American parents of disabled children.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper gives an evaluation of a parent training program, the American Indian PACER program, designed and implemented to provide education and supportive services to Native American families with disabled children. The writer describes the program and reviews the literature, leading to an evaluation of the success of the program and concluding with recommendations for the improvement of the program.
From the Paper
"What makes the American Indian program special is that it not only provides all of the customary parent training given in all PACER programs, it does so in a culturally relevant and culturally sensitive manner by using Native American counselors and presenting information in a fashion that is relevant and meaningful for Native Americans. In terms of program specifics, the American Indian program offered by PACER offers workshops for parents in which they learn about special education rights and responsibilities."
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American Perspective, 2002.
An attempt to understand the American psyche and creation as a whole.
2,613 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the American experience as a whole, wading through the flow of information, in order to gain an understanding of the entire American experience as one direct theme. The writer believes that the long, difficult push across the American continent, destroying and creating, but always expanding, capitulates the American experience. The paper explores the heedless, headlong advance in geographical terms that was coupled with a limitless faith in the general notion of unending technological and economic progress - that is America today.
From the Paper
"But while Crevecoeur, one of the first prophets of the melting pot, praised the European immigrants and "that strange mixture of blood which you will find in no other country" as the vital force driving the new nation, he wrote long in advance of the arrival of immigrants other than the "English, Scotch, Irish, French, Dutch, Germans, and Swedes" whose ability to blend into a single nation impressed him so much (40). And he wrote prior to any reasoned consideration of the presence of millions of African slaves and Native Americans in the mix. Nor did those who thought about this frontier spirit in retrospect give much thought to the fact that masses of anonymous, hard-pressed immigrants from Eastern Europe and Asia fed the insatiable maw of the Industrial Revolution."
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New England Settlers, 2002.
An examination of the experiences of settlers in the New England area in the 17th century and the impact they had on the natives of the area.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes as its focus the culture of the Native Americans of Southern New England and also why it was so terribly disrupted by European settlement. Another way of looking at this last issue is to say that this paper examines what made this region attractive to the Europeans who would superimpose their culture on the area. Finally, the paper examines how the final outcome of European settlement in this area was the result of the traditional native settlement patterns and the ways in which these interacted with the specific goals of the Europeans.
From the Paper
"Southern New England was the home to a complex civilization when some of the first European settlers to the New World came to the area that is southern and eastern Massachusetts, the eastern part of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and most of Connecticut. Although there were regional differences throughout this area caused by differences in the environment as well as by the inevitable differentiation of people into subcultures, this region was unified by what can be viewed into a single cultural group. That culture -- along with the lives of individual American Indians -- would be in large measure destroyed during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans."
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"Lakota Woman" and "Black Boy", 2002.
A discussion of "Lakota Woman" by Mary Crow Dog & Richard Erdoes and "Black Boy (American Hunger): A Record of Childhood and Youth" by Richard Wright.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at two different autobiographies written by Sioux activist Mary Crow Dog and African-American writer Richard Wright. This paper shows the many similarities between the oppressive conditions endured by their people and the initiatives they used in the struggle for equality.
From the Paper
"The histories of oppressed minorities in the United States have all begun very differently, but throughout the twentieth century they have developed as many similarities as differences. African Americans, for example, were brought to America against their will and forced into slavery where they were encouraged to increase in number because they were considered valuable 'property' essential to the economy of the Southern states. Native Americans, on the other hand, were forced off their own lands, robbed of their traditional means of survival, and systematically murdered any time they occupied lands the European Americans wanted."
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Peyotism, 2002.
This paper examines Peyotism, the largest religion started, organized, and directed by and for Native Americans.
2,253 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a history of the discovery of peyote, or mescal, and the way in which it was adopted by Native Americans as a method for reaching spiritual heights. The writer also outlines the reaction of mainstream religions and the United States government to the use of this drug. The paper compares the reaction in the U.S. to that of the Mexican authorities.
From the Paper
"From 1886 to 1932 the Bureau of Indian Affairs joined traditional Christian missionary societies to thwart Peyotism by all means possible. Federal prohibitions were proposed but failed, so that opponents of Peyotism took their campaign to the states. From 1899 to 1937 legislatures of 14 states outlawed peyote. Peyotists, who incorporated their religion in Oklahoma as the Native American Church in 1918, won the right to use the cactus in religious rituals in a half dozen court cases between 1960 and 1979 in Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, Colorado, California, and Washington. Federal rules promulgated under drug-abuse laws exempt religious use of peyote. This remains the current legal state of Peyotism today, although legal challenges to it continue (Richter, 1997, p. A7)."
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Tinseltown's Toys: Hollywood's Misleading Images of Indians, 2000.
A comprehensive review of Michael Hilger's 1995 book "From Savage to Nobleman: Images of Native Americans in Film."
1,452 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in his book "From Savage to Nobleman: Images of Native Americans in Film", University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire professor Michael Hilger investigates the portrayal of American Indians in movies. Hilger watched hundreds of movies, from silent era epics to modern-day blockbusters, to determine the manner in which Hollywood depicts Indian characters. It discusses how Native Americans comprise an extremely small portion of the nation's population and how because many people do not have the opportunity to interact with Native Americans, their views and beliefs about them are typically shaped by the racial stereotypes found in movies. It analyzes how Hilger attempts to destroy many of the false impressions of Indians in the movies by recognizing them for what they are, lies.
From the Paper
"Hilger's writing style is very methodical. Before entering into the examination of films featuring Indians, he sets forth the specific criteria he used for determining into which category a particular depiction of Indians should fall. One such "measuring stick" was the Indian's attitude toward whites. Typically, savage Indians are "enemies to the whites and obstacles to westward expansion," while Noble Red Men "are friends to the whites and realize they must adapt to white culture or face extinction" (Hilger 3). Hilger also characterizes Native American men as either Savages or Noble Men by their attitude toward white women: Noble characters are attracted to the white women, while Savage characters, "driven by their hostility, capture and rape white women" (Hilger 7-8). Hilger identifies a number of other general characteristics of both the Noble and the Savage Indian and describes these traits at the beginning of the book."
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The Changing Tradition, 2003.
An insight into the oral tradition of the Native Americans through a review of Leslie Marmon Silko's book "Ceremony".
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how traditions must change over time to remain relevant and shows how Leslie Marmon Silko illustrates the importance of oral tradition and language with Tayo's story in her novel, "Ceremony". It examines how Native Americans believe that when people speak, they exchange spirits and the addition of human breath transforms sounds into words and gives them life. The living word then becomes a part of each individual who hears it which is why oral tradition is so important to them. It compares Auntie and Josiah and how they view tradition and people outside their race and how Silko uses Auntie to represent people who blindly follow the traditions of the past while not believing in the spirit behind them.
From the Paper
"Oral tradition includes many different forms including "letters, anecdotes, gossip, jokes, poems, legends, family stories, crafted stories-that must be included for a person to become self-knowing, to create community and even to comprehend the evil, the witchery, which disrupts community" (Brown). Silko uses many of these forms in Ceremony. The novel, as a whole, is an example of a crafted story. The different components of the novel are also important parts of the oral tradition. Grandma "liked to sit by her stove and gossip about the people who were talking about their family" (Silko 89). As she gossiped, she carried on that tradition. The story of Tayo is also a good example of Silko using the oral tradition, because it is an example of a family story."
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The Indian Question: Cooper vs. Sedgwick, 2000.
Examines and compares the novels "Hope Leslie" by Catharine Maria Sedgwick and James Fenimore Cooper's "The Last of the Mohicans" and the way they address the question of Native Americans.
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two classic 19th century American novels in order to identify the dramatically different manner in which each author views the cultural conflict between whites and Native Americans. This paper examines the role of race, interracial marriage, and the point-of-view of white vs. Indian characters through the characters in the novels.
From the Paper
"Almost since the moment white settlers landed on the continent of North America, Americans have grappled with the question of how to coexist with the country’s native inhabitants. The debate on this subject reached a fever pitch in the 1820s as the nation struggled to formulate some type of comprehensive Indian policy. Should the Indians simply be herded westward, or should Americans strive for some type of coexistence? In 1827 Catharine Maria Sedgwick penned her novel "Hope Leslie" to counteract what she saw as the rising support for an aggressive Indian policy caused in part by the stereotypes of Indians presented in such popular novels as James Fenimore Cooper’s "The Last of the Mohicans." By examining these two novels, one can see how the authors present opposing views of the conflict between whites and Native Americans."
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"Hope Leslie", 2000.
An examination of the use of letters in Catherine Maria Sedgwick's work "Hope Leslie".
902 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Catherine Maria Sedgwick's "Hope Leslie", an expansive work detailing with both sides of the conflict between the Puritans and the Native Americans in the Massachusetts Bay colony. It discusses how in order to create this rich and detailed story, Sedgwick presents a varied cast of characters and employs a number of literary techniques. One of the most prominent of these techniques is the use of letters that her characters write to each other. It analyzes these written letters and shows how Sedgwick uses this literary device to overcome the problem of omniscient narration, obtain more in-depth characterization, and better deal with the passage of time in the story.
From the Paper
"Hope Leslie is written in the third person through the eyes of an all-knowing, all-seeing narrator. This allows the author to add a great deal of depth to the story by interjecting characters' thoughts and feelings, but it comes at a price: this style of storytelling is inherently difficult for readers to believe. Many critics describe third person narration as the "God's-eye view" because only a god could understand and explain the motivations and feelings of every character in the story at all times. Many readers do not find this to be a believable viewpoint. On the other hand, using first person narration would unduly limit the depth of a novel with as wide a scope as Hope Leslie by only allowing one character's thoughts to be explicitly defined."
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Native American Societies, 2002.
Native American societies from alternative perspectives.
1,352 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This study examines Native American societies from a world view perspective, focusing on the issue of cultural and institutional differentiation. The study argues that the non differentiation (of causality, religion, ceremony, art, etc.) of Native American societies, in general, is the foundation of the conservatism of those societies.
From the Paper
"In short, Native Americans have faced the same pressures to assimilate which other minorities have faced. However, because of their conservatism (i.e., their resistance to that assimilation and to changes which would dilute their culture and weaken their community structure), they have managed, like few other minorities, to maintain their culture and community.
Again, the emphasis on nondifferentiation of central aspects of their culture has helped created a conservatism which in turn has enabled Native Americans to withstand onslaughts of the dominant culture which threaten community and cultural survival. Champagne writes in another work that "Internal cultural differentiation refers to the degree of interpenetration of views of causality, ceremony, morality, and religion" (Champagne Social 14). "
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The Native Americans of Southern New England, 2002.
A history of the life of the Native American Indians in Southern New England.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the first peoples of Southern New England were the American Indians and how their lives were radically altered during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans. It examines the original culture of the area and looks at what made the region attractive to the Europeans who displaced the natives. It explores how the final outcome of European incursions into the area was the result of the traditional native settlement patterns and the ways in which these interacted with the specific goals of the Europeans. It shows how the displacement (and often murder) of Native Americans by European and later white Americans tends to be treated as if it were all a single phenomenon when in fact the displacement of natives by whites varied from place to place and across time depending on the specific cultures that came together with the desire to occupy the same land.
From the Paper
"Indians of this region, as noted above, certainly supplemented their food collection activities with horticulture. The major crops of the natives of this region were maize, kidney beans, squash, Jerusalem artichokes and tobacco. These were planted in fields from which the smaller plants had been cleared and the trees cut down (the stumps removed when the roots died). Spades were made of hardwood to help in the cultivation and fish were used as fertilizer (although this practice may have been borrowed from the Europeans)."
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Miami Indians, 2002.
An examination of the importance and contributions of the Miami Indians, particularly to Ohio.
2,503 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Miami Indians, the existence of whom were recorded by French explorers and missionaries as far back as the early seventeenth century. In particular it examines how The Miami Indians in Ohio were defeated by white encroachment on their lands and the government policies of western expansion. It analyzes how their influence in Ohio was significant although not as profound as that of Tecumseh and the Shawnees. It looks at how their major contributions were in agriculture and preparing decorative skins. It evaluates how although the Miami Indians were traditionally a society of warriors, they were unable to successfully combat the overwhelming strength and policies of U.S. Government forces and ended up defeated and diminished as was the history of all Native Americans.
From the Paper
"The Miami were known as the tattooed or naked Indians. They were lighter in color and shorter than other Illinois tribe. In spite of the severe weather of the Great Lakes region, they wore skins, leggings, and moccasins during the winter. During the summer, they wore only breechcloth and moccasins, which exposed intricate tattooing on their skin. Men wore unornamented skins most of the time. Fringed, beaded, and quilled clothing were worn for festive occasions. Women usually were lightly tattooed on the cheeks or chin. White men could never duplicate the skill of preparing skins, making the Miamis skins much more desirable. As trading continued, the Miami women used brooches and glass beads to add prestige to their clothing. They developed techniques to get striking effects such as skillful applique and nickel-silver decoration (Murdoch, 21). But even the finest of these skins was discarded by Miamis whenever they could secure European cloth (Anson, 20)."
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"The Legacy of Conquest", 2002.
Discusses Patricia Nelson Limerick's book "The Legacy of Conquest" on the settlement of the American west.
1,208 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
Limerick's book is a work of synthesis designed to suggest a new, comprehensive ground on which the history of the American West, often fragmented into many different branches, can be approached afresh. The paper discusses Limerick's view that, contrary to popular thinking based on the ideas by Frederick Jackson Turner that the American Frontier closed officially in 1890, the 'settling of the west' experience was not an exclusively European domain. The book reminds the reader of the Indians, Hispanics, Asians and women whose involvement in the Western history was not a minor matter.
From the Paper
"As Limerick notes in discussing current events that may have an impact on further shaping the West, every historian operates from a presentist context and it was a mistake for historians to ignore the fact that Turner's presentism exerted a particularly limiting force on his thesis. If historians today look at the continuities and common themes of Western history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, rather than adhering to the artificial 1890 watershed imposed by Turner's thesis, they will certainly, even if they do not accept every aspect of Limerick's own thesis, develop a means of viewing Western history in a comprehensive fashion."
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"Love Medicine", 2002.
Examines the role of the male characters in Louise Erdrich's "Love Medicine".
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
Louise Erdrich's "Love Medicine" follows the lives of several Native American families through five decades, with the main theme of the novel being the struggle between continuity and change. The paper shows that despite the novel's focus on the women in the novel, the brothers Eli and Nector Kashpaw have great symbolic weight as embodiments of the tendency toward preservation and change.
From the Paper
"Eli, on the other hand, was "the old bachelor of the family" and his only child was the wild, wayward June whom he adopted (8). Unlike Nector, Eli did not participate in propagating the tribe. He often sought solitude in the woods and this choice could have no issue except for June, who died. June's sons, who repeat the modern/traditional dichotomy of Nector and Eli also fail in these roles as June had failed in the role of mother. King -- who married a white woman and moved away -- was a weak man of no character whose modernity did nothing for the tribe and less for himself. Lipsha had traditional gifts but lost them when he cut corners and botched the love spell."
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"Cabeza de Vaca", 2002.
Examines the film about the Spanish explorer of the same name.
1,282 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca was one of the many Spanish explorers to set foot in the New World in the early sixteenth century. This paper discusses the film "Cabeza de Vaca", directed by Nicolas Echevarria, which tells de Vaca's story. The paper argues that while the film is well done, it makes grossly incorrect stereotypes of the Native Americans and their treatment of the Spaniards. It shows that the portrayal of the Native Americans in this way is in direct contrast to de Vaca's original writings in which he praised the way the locals treated his exploration party.
From the Paper
"Governor Panfilo de Narvaez was also a Spanish explorer, and it was on June 17th, 1527 that he set sail from Sanlucar de Barrameda. The king of Spain had commissioned him "to conquer and govern the provinces that lie between the river of Las Palmas and the tip of Florida" (Pupo-Walker 5). Accompanying Narvaez and his five ships were three to six hundred Spanish people, of which included Cabeza de Vaca. Cabeza de Vaca "was made treasurer of the expedition by a royal warrant dated 15 February, 1527" (Bishop 25).
The exact details of the voyage are rather confusing. Most historians agree that the expedition stopped several times along the coast of Cuba, gathering supplies as well as losing many men. It then seems that before leaving a port in Cuba, several of the ships sank, drastically dwindling not only the amount of supplies, but also the amount of Spaniards. The voyage then continued their mission to the southern tip of Florida."
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Powhatans and the Southeastern Nation Indians, 2002.
Examining the cultures of these native ethnic groups and how external forces changed their cultures.
2,112 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This research paper compares and analyzes the cultural and institutional change among the Powhatans and the Southeastern Nation Indians during the 19th century. In this paper, the pre-colonial cultural and institutional structures are explored to determine their potential change. Then a brief description of the changes of the two groups of Indians is examined and compared.
From the Paper
"The Powhatans were a farming people who lived a stable lifestyle, governed by an orderly government. Women were responsible for the cultivation of the fields, while the men hunted and fished (Rountree 5). They prided themselves on their possessions by wearing deer hides that were decorated with different ornaments (Rountree 7). External clothing and decorations were also used to delineate the social hierarchy on special occasions. The different rulers were also expected to be addressed with specific special behavior (Rountree 9)."
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"The Last Of The Mohicans", 2002.
Discusses the emotional meanings created in the 1992 film by director Michael Mann.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Discusses the emotional meanings created in the 1992 film by director Michael Mann. Visual means employed. Central relationship between Hawkeye and Cora. Analysis of shots and their visual and narrative impact. Discusses the progression of the plot by detailing varioius shots and how they reveal the tensions and emotional content of the film.
From the Paper
"Michael Mann's The Last of the Mohicans is a carefully designed film in which all the visual means at the director's disposal are skillfully employed to create the emotional meanings of the work. These meanings occur at several different levels and are structured so that by the end of the film the central relationship--the love between Hawkeye And Cora Munro--achieves an importance that goes beyond their personal lives. By the end the two stand for the future that the bravest and strongest individuals will be able to carve out of the land and, sadly, for the way these settlers will displace the Native Americans. The film emphasizes the size of the wilderness around the people who act out their story and the degrees of comfort that people feel in the wild, the tamed, and the partially subdued parts of the country. Despite the speed with which the film moves through the ..."
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"Indian Killer", 2002.
Analysis of Sherman Alexie's novel.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 23.95
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Abstract
Analysis of Sherman Alexie's novel. Centers on character of John Smith, a man caught between two worlds: the Indian and the White and not at home in either world. Issue of John's intolerance; his suffering, alientation and violence. Negative impact of intolerance of white society and co-workers. Author's message.
From the Paper
"John Smith, the protagonist of Sherman Alexie's novel Indian Killer, is a man caught between the white world and the Indian world, and at home in neither. He is a full-blooded Native American Indian, but was raised by whites, and knows little about his Indian roots. As a result of these circumstances, and the fact that he is a man who appears to be an Indian in a nation of prejudice against Indians, he is a man without an identity. With respect to the issue of intolerance, one could say that John has become a man without the capacity for tolerance at all, including tolerance for himself and his confusing situation in life. In other words, he has been shaped by an unforgiving and intolerant culture which does its worst in creating human beings who are such victims of intolerance that they practically do not even exist. They have been made invisible by intolerance. In fact, John is certainly mentally ill to some degree, and it is clear from the book that his madness is a direct result of living in an intolerant society which tries to take away his history, identity, cultural roots and his very humanity at every turn. It should come as no shock that in his suffering and alienation and madness, he turns to ..."
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