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American Indian Boarding Schools, 2004. This paper discusses the history of the American Indian boarding schools and their influence in developing ?pan-Indianism?, which connected individuals from different tribes. 2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 69.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the "Friends of the American Indians" believed that education was the only answer to the "Indian problem" to assimilate Native Americans into Euro-American society. The author points out that, whereas, the mission schools were traditionally located on the reservations, the ?retraining? process meant that the government-influenced boarding schools were located off of the reservations, usually many miles away from families, so that many children were not able to see their families for years at a time. The paper relates that, although the tribal traditionalists strongly were opposed to families sending their children to distant schools to learn the "white man's" ways, grinding poverty and the overwhelming hopelessness of reservation life caused many Indian parents to consider the possibility of sending their children to find a more prosperous life.
From the Paper "Many times the child was not told ahead of time that they would be leaving home to attend the boarding school. This resulted in a child resisting or fleeing home and hiding in the woods or with sympathetic relatives. The child might also runaway upon reaching the boarding school. One student?s account is recorded at the Clark Historical Library (1999). He remembered that on the day that he left, his mother pack his lunch, simply handed it to him, and sent him off to a day school he was attending. When he arrived at the school, he was then told that he was to leave immediately. He and several other children were told to get into a truck prepared with a wire cage. The cage was to keep them from fleeing, and they were then driven to the nearest railroad station."
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"The Iroquois in the American Revolution", 2001. A look at the historical importance of Barbara Graymont's book in understanding the relationship between the Native Americans and the locals in the American Revolution. 1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how the role of the Iroquois Confederacy in the American Revolution and the fate of native peoples in its wake is a topic often overlooked by historians. In Barbara Graymont?s work, "The Iroquois in the American Revolution", Graymont attempts to shed light on the underlying issues of the American Revolution, more specifically, the effect of that conflict on the cultural identity and tribal unity of the Iroquois peoples. It shows how "The Iroquois in the American Revolution" examines the struggle between Britain and the thirteen colonies to attain the loyalty of the Iroquois, as well as the impending disintegration of the long-standing confederacy. This paper critiques Graymont?s work by analyzing important factors such as her biases, sources, background, assumptions, and overall knowledge of the topic at hand, as well as to examine alternate viewpoints of the subject and the relevance of this topic to our course.
From the Paper "To successfully analyse and evaluate a historical work such as The Iroquois in the American Revolution, one must first examine the background of the author, in this case, Barbara Graymont, as well as the type and credibility of the sources used to research the topic and construct the work. Barbara Graymont, a white American author, is an associate professor of history in the United States. Graymont is also an honorary member of the Indian Defense League of America, a position which she achieved through acquaintance with and professional ties to many present day Iroquois in America.1 In light of the fact that Graymont has definite ties to native peoples, a reader would expect to see evidence of favouritism and sympathy toward the Natives as well as more strict criticism of the white peoples involved. Such cases are evident throughout the work. For example, in her prologue, Graymont uses the term Visutskie 2 ?pawns?2 to describe the utter usage of the Native peoples by both the British and the Americans in their attempts to defeat the other. In another instance, Graymont?s table of contents is valuable in determining exactly who and what the book was written for. The table of contents makes it quite obvious to the reader that Graymont is quite intent on educating the reader about Native culture and that each chapter centres around Native peoples and their roles in not only the American Revolution but in everyday life alongside the white settlers. Graymont makes reference to both the British and the Americans using bribery with alcohol and other presents, promises of military protection, and even grants of land taken from the Natives in the first place to try and win the Natives as allies."
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"Reservation Blues", 2004. An examination of the novel, "Reservation Blues", by Sherman Alexie. 1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper briefly describes how "Reservation Blues" represents a motivating piece of literature because it demonstrates how Native Americans were not afraid to confront the difficulties of life to accomplish their greatest desires and to succeed. Focus is placed on the relationship between the two main characters in the novel, Chess and Checkers, and how they were influenced by white culture.
From the Paper "Alexie brings the subject of a love-hate relationship to the so called ?whites? that Chess and Checkers portray early on in his novel. They all seem to face the same problem of trying to live in a white mans society while facing the stereotypes such as alcoholism, drugs, and a poor education. His use of stereotypes in different areas, makes it seem as if he is discriminating against Native Americans and making the Whites a bigger power. Alexie also uses mental, spiritual, and emotional struggles to show how the love-hate relationship that Chess and Checkers have toward the White Americans have been very influential on them. In Chapter 2, early on in the story, Alexie brings in the two white girls, Betty and Veronica, that join the band then leave because of issues with the Indian girls, Chess and Checkers, who are then turned into singers for the band. ?Two white women, Betty and Veronica, had somehow found their way onto the reservation and showed up at every rehearsal?(Reservation Blues, pg 41)."
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?Montana 1948", 2004. A literary analysis of Larry Watson?s novel "Montana 1948". 900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 31.95 »
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Abstract This paper offers a review of the though provoking novel "Montana 1948" by Larry Watson. The writer shows how racism, as seen in the novel, can result in tragedy. The book is the retrospective tale of a childhood event told by the protagonist David Hayden forty years later. The story evolves around the alleged professionally unacceptable behavior of a physician towards his Indian patients.
From the Paper "Among David?s primary recollections concerning the events of 1948 is the realization that Marie Little Soldier?s bedroom was ?a small room off the kitchen,? despite the fact that there was a ?third bedroom? vacant on the second floor ? the floor where the white people slept. ?Who decided that room should not be Marie?s?? Despite the Hayden?s tolerant and benevolent appearance, and their adequate treatment of Marie, they obviously are subtly influenced by the prejudice based on the belief in the superiority of a particular race. Wesley ?was not a hate filled bigot ? he probably thought he was free of prejudice.? Wes was able to ?treat Indians with generosity, kindness, and respect? nevertheless he believed Indians? were ignorant, lazy, superstitious and irresponsible."
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Leonard Peltier, 2004. An examination of the evidence and circumstances surrounding the conviction of Leonard Peltier for the murder of two FBI agents in 1975. 2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses whether Leonard Peltier actually killed two FBI agents on June 25, 1975, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. It examines how the issue has not been thoroughly resolved from the point of view of Peltier supporters, who believe that Peltier is a political prisoner and is being held on false charges, and from the point of view of the U.S. government, which believe Peltier is guilty of the murders. It analyzes the situation that existed in and near the Pine Ridge Reservation prior to the events of June 25, 1975, the reasons for the stand-off between the Native Americans and the federal government, and the results of that conflict. It also explores the world Peltier exists in, as well as his thoughts about his ongoing incarceration
From the Paper "As he grew older, Peltier traveled with his father working as a migrant farm laborer, and in 1965, he moved to Seattle and operated an auto body repair shop, where he hired and trained Native Americans to work for him and learn skills. He also became involved in a Native American halfway house for ex-convicts, and he participated in public protests relating to the Indians? claim to various Native Lands in Seattle. Later Peltier worked as a welder in Wisconsin, and then became involved in the American Indian Movement (AIM) in Colorado. This association apparently radicalized Peltier to the point that he participated in the occupation (by Indians) of the BIA building in Washington, D.C."
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Ghost Sickness, 2004. A brief description of this condition known as Ghost Sickness, which is prevalent in Native Americans. 979 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract An examination of the cultural context in which Ghost Sickness takes place today and explains that it has deep historical roots in the history of indigenous Indians. Many of these groups perceived themselves as living in a universe pervaded by powerful, mysterious spiritual beings and forces that underlay and supported human life. In order to survive, this paper explains that they believed it was necessary to acknowledge these spiritual powers in all aspects of their lives, but there were also spiritual beings to be avoided. Native Americans of the Southwest, in particular, such as the Navajo and Apache, dreaded contact with ghosts, who were thought to resent the living.
From the Paper "Some American Indians believe that Ghost Sickness can be caught from either the dead, the sight of the corpse or their possessions (Apache). Therefore, groups such as the Apaches buried their dead on the same day as they died. They also tried to reduce to a minimum the amount of time the living spent in contact with the dead. Some belongings were placed with the body and usually the dead person?s favorite horse was killed at the grave site. The rest of their possessions were then burned and the family moved their house to a new site. The relatives never went near the grave and to mention the name of the dead was strictly forbidden."
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The Marginalization of Native Americans and African-Americans, 2004. Examines how post-colonial American history impacted the emancipation of African-Americans and Native Americans, or Indians. 1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract Before American society become liberated and independent from British rule, two important events became the catalyst for social and political changes that occurred within the American nation: the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the American Civil War (1860). These significant events in American history contributed to the liberation of America as a nation and the independence of marginalized sectors in America, the native American-Indians and African-Americans. This paper discusses the impact of the American Revolution and American Civil War in encouraging/discouraging the emancipation of the American Indians and African-Americans from prejudice and discrimination in the American society. In addition, this paper also focuses on the implications of the emancipation or non-emancipation of these sectors to the future of American society and nation.
From the Paper "However, over time, a strong public sentiment began forming as atrocities against the black slaves were exposed to the American nation. Because of strong public sentiment against black American slavery and continuing conflict between the South and North, the American Civil War erupted, and the anti-slavery vs. pro-slavery conflict ended with the issuance of the Emancipation Declaration of 1863 by then US President Abraham Lincoln. Thus, African-Americans, unlike the native American-Indians, were able to achieve their freedom from American rule and colonization, bringing down social prejudice and discrimination of the African-American sector in the American society and nation."
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"Lakota Woman", 2004. Summary and review of Mary Crow Dog's book about the struggle of Native American women in the 20th century. 3,068 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 89.95 »
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Abstract This paper is about the book, "Lakota Woman" by Mary Crow Dog. The paper looks at how Mary Crow Dog's account of the struggles of Native American women is not only about the struggles of traditional Native American women, but of Native American women, in general, as well. The paper summarizes Mary Crow Dog's description of how Native American women were treated within their tribes, the treatment of the Native American population by the U.S. government, the history of the Lakota people, and Mary Crow Dog's account of her own life.
From the Paper "The differentiated gender roles required women to be sexually submissive to their counterparts at a given whim. Rapes on reservations were and still are a big scandal. Mary talks about her desire for commitment in sexual relationships, unfortunately the men wanted no part of her philosophy. ?If you didn?t cooperate then they were no longer interested in you as a person? (Crow Dog 68). The men went from woman to woman without thought of remaining loyal to one special someone. The Lakota men appear mean, yet magnificent at the same time. They were incredibly brave in defending Sioux women against the outside world but within Sioux culture they treated themselves as all-powerful and ignored the autonomy of women."
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Native American Adoptions, 2004. Looks at the arguments against cross-racial adoptions. 897 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95 »
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Abstract This paper looks at the controversy of cross-racial adoptions. In particular, the paper looks at the arguments posed by Native Americans that oppose the adoption of Native American children by Caucasians.
From the Paper "The issue of cross-racial adoptions, where parents of one race adopt a child from another race, has been controversial for some time. Both African-Americans and Native Americans point to abuses in the history of the United States. They often feel that Caucasian parents should not raise children of their race. The difficulty is that there are more children of color to be adopted than there are parents of the same race ready, able and willing to adopt them."
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Tribal Lands, 2004. A look at the fight that Native-Americans have to put up regarding ownership of natural resources on their lands. 987 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract This paper is based on the importance of conserving the tribal lands and how much pressure is on some tribal lands to give up their natural resources. This paper then covers the reasons why it is important to conserve the tribal lands and what culture and heritage the lands carry forward.
From the Paper "The legacy of Native Americans is one of the most important heritages of American history and culture. Native Americans have traditionally had a land-based culture. Their land is their prime resource and fulfills a further objective of promoting their heritage and culture. Therefore, the importance of conserving the sites of traditional value for these tribes is of utmost importance. By protecting these sites, one can conserve the cultural, spiritual as well as the economical status of the Native Americans."
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Tribal Lands and Their Resources, 2004. An analysis of the topic of Native-American tribal lands and the fight for their natural resources. 1,096 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how much pressure is on some tribes to give up their natural resources. It explains that tribal lands across America are covered with a wealth of natural resources, and because of this, tribal lands have always been vulnerable to attack from outsiders and the federal government. It explains that if the resources are valuable enough, they are worth fighting for. It discusses how many Native American tribes have had to fight hard for their rights and the rights to their own natural resources.
From the Paper "In Idaho, the Coeur d'Alene Tribe's ancient tribal lands were overrun with silver mines in the nineteenth century, and when the mines played out, all that remained was the environmental damage, as this writer notes. "Over a one-hundred year period, the mining industry in northern Idaho's Silver Valley wiped out most natural life in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin by dumping seventy-two million tons of mining waste into the Coeur d'Alene watershed (Althouse, 2001, p. 721). In 1991, the tribe began their own restoration project, and also filed a lawsuit against several mining companies which resulted in the largest ever natural resource damage suit in U.S. history. The Coeur d'Alene are also fighting about who controls the waters and the water quality of Lake Coeur d'Alene, and they were awarded control in 2000 by the courts (Althouse, 2001, p. 721)."
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William McKee Evans' "To Die Game", 2004. Summary and review of William McKee Evans's book, "To Die Game: The Story of The Lowry Band, Indian Guerrillas of Reconstruction". 940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper begins by presenting the academic background that qualifies him to write such a book as the "To Die Game". Next, background on the subject of the book, the Lowry Gang, is described and a brief summary of the book presented. The paper also looks at the main thesis of the book, which is concerned with the Lumbee?s fight against white suppression.
From the Paper "William McKee Evans? book, To Die Game, is a worthwhile piece of scholarly literature. The book, fully entitled To Die Game: The Story of The Lowry Band, Indian Guerrillas of Reconstruction, tells the story of the Lowry family, the ancestors of today?s Lumbee Indians. Evans? accounting suggests that the Lowry gang?s acts of violence were justifiable revenge against the brutal actions of the Ku Klux Klan and the Confederate Army. Ultimately, the author?s substantial academic credentials and extensive scholarly research result in a thorough and worthwhile account of the lives of the Lowry Band."
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Myths of the Spanish Conquest, 2004. Examines several of the myths associated with the Spanish conquest of the "New World". 817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95 »
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Abstract This paper explores and negates many of the myths associated with the Spanish conquest of America. The paper points out that the allegations of Cortez's military genius and technological superiority over the Native Americans are unfounded, and, contrary to popular legend, the actual conquest of the native Indians was a long and arduous process and not a rapid and simple achievement; the concept of Spanish superiority over native Indians directly challenges what is known to be true about the native Indians' advanced and sophisticated societies.
From the Paper "The suggestion that the Conquest was achieved rapidly by defeating the native Indian armies with a small group of Spaniards acting alone is also a myth. Such tales of the Conquest, according to the Spaniards, completely disguises the incomplete nature of this event and throws a dark shadow over the roles played by the Native Indians and the free and enslaved West Africans. It is also a myth and a widespread misconception that the Conquest reduced the Native Indians of the "New World" to the point of extinction. In truth, these peoples, via diverse and profound means, displayed enormous resilience, adaptability, and vitality and even turned the impact of the Conquest into opportunity instead of disaster."
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The Miami Indians, 2003. Examines the importance and contributions of the tribe. 2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95 »
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Abstract Discusses the warrior people and most powerful Indian tribe in Ohio, the early history of the Miami, why they became a migratory people, Chief Little Turtle and his defeat of two American armies, and the retaliation by U.S. government.
From the Paper "The existence of the Miami Indians was recorded by French explorers and missionaries as far back as the early seventeenth century. In 1700 the Miami moved into Maumee Valley. They were migratory people and were part of a ..."
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The Cherokee Community, 2003. Discusses changes in the kinship system. 1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 14 sources, $ 47.95 »
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Abstract Describes traditional community, matrilineal social structure, and the underlying causes of transformation of the values and practices of kinship system from the end of the 19th century. Explores the role of Europeans and the federal government.
From the Paper "The topic of this paper is the changes in the kinship system of the Cherokee community. In order to understand the significance of the status of the kinship system of the Cherokee Indian tribe during the period from the end of the 19th century to today, ..."
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Shaman, 2003. Discusses the origin of the practice of shamanism. 2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 95.95 »
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Abstract Describes shamans as holy men with ties to the spirit world and as masters of the trance-journey technique. Examines various North American Indian tribes that believe in shamans, how certain people attain that position, and the role of shamans.
From the Paper "A Shaman is the name given by anthropologists to holy men who appear to have a closer tie to the spirit world than others, and who have become endowed with exceptional powers to deal with the supernatural (Zimmerman and Molyneaux, 1996). The word "shaman..."
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"Custer Died For Your Sins", 2003. Analyzes Vine Deloria's 1969 book. 900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 31.95 »
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Abstract Shows how the author's intent to destroy myths surrounding Indians is simplistic and incorrect. Discusses the impact of the over-generalizations of white society on modern Native Americans and the failure of the reservation system and Bureau of Indian Affairs.
From the Paper "The major purpose of Vine Deloria's 1969 book Custer Died For Your Sins is to destroy the myths surrounding Indians (as Native Americans were called at that time). Deloria particularly attacks the myth of Indians as "noble savages" as not only incorrect ..."
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Katsina Dolls, 2003. Discusses the art of the Katsinam. 1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 47.95 »
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Abstract Examines the evolution of the artistic production from the early traditional form of the Hopi to the late action form and the commodification by the Western world. Discusses the religious and cultural symbolism of the Katsinam, the Hopi culture, and the spiritual meaning of Katsina.
From the Paper "For several decades, the Hopis' Katsina dolls and other artistic representations have captured the imagination of art collectors and museum curators from all over the world with their vivid colors,..."
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