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Women, Work and Equality, 2008.
A look at the the argument that women still have a long way to go in order to gain equality in society.
2,276 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not been achieved. This paper l argues that this is because women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs, that they are underrepresented in certain professions and in more prestigious positions with power, and that they often do the 'second shift' of housework which is undervalued. The paper looks at how women still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce, and women and men are occupationally segregated, with women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). The paper also examines how women are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid and how this job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large.
From the Paper
"One of the biggest indicators of the lack of equality between men and women is the fact that women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Women earn about 30% less than men do in corresponding full time jobs (Nelson, 2006). The figures are similar according to Statistics Canada (2000) "Women generally have lower incomes than men. In 1997, the average annual pretax income for women aged 15 and over from all sources was $19,800, just 62% the figure for men". On the other hand, Davies et al (1996) show that the wage gaps are smaller among younger age groups, nevertheless, "Women earn between 62% and 65% of what men earn" (Wilson, 2005) and "the gender wage gap is widespread and exists in all occupational categories" (Nelson, 2006)."
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Minority, Women and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise, 2008.
An analysis of the objectives and the pros of the minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise (MWDBE) in the State of North Carolina.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise (MWDBE) in the State of North Carolina, which is focused on by the Historically Underutilized Business (HUB) office. The paper describes the goal for the state in terms of MWDBE and the objectives of the policy. The paper then looks at the pros of the public policy related to minority, women and disadvantaged businesses and how the policy can be successfully implemented.
From the Paper
"This can be accomplished through dedicated workers that strive to achieve organizational goals and that have the training and skills to ensure that the public policy is beneficial to all stakeholders in Charlotte. The Partnership for Public Service of the United States believes that this is possible when the right people are recruited, who believe that the issues associated with the community are essential to the well being of all people ("Welcome", n.d.). Yet, in order to attract the right people to accomplish this task the organization must be capable of providing a working environment that supports the desire to successfully serve the public."
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Fair Labor Standards Act, 2008.
A brief overview of the consequences of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how one of the most important laws concerning child labor was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. It looks at how with its provisions imposing severe civil and criminal penalties and allowing for confiscation of good made with child labor, the Fair Labor Standards Act forced employers to stop using children in thousands of jobs. With remarkable success, the law simply outlawed child labor.
From the Paper
"Among the social reform advocates of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, no issue roused more determined calls for action than child labor. Florence Kelly of Hull House was among the first to report on the matter, but soon there were numerous rigorously researched reports, telling of children underpaid, overworked, uneducated, and profoundly unhappy with their lot. While many of the working children were in agriculture, the worst conditions were in manufacturing, whether in southern textile mills, northern canneries, urban tenements, or mountain coal mines. "
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Hispanics in California, 2008.
This paper explores the impact of the growing Hispanic population in California.
2,354 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the Hispanic population in California and analyzes their growth, racial identity and English proficiency. The paper looks at the ability of the Hispanic population to integrate into the United States through geographical stability, language diversification and economic strength. The paper highlights the need for educational improvement in order to maintain and support this large economic labor force in California. The paper concludes that this demographic will play a large socioeconomic and political role in the future of California.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Hispanic population
Are Hispanics a Minority in California?
Hispanics as a Staple Citizen
Racial Identity among Latinos
English Proficiency
Hispanic Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is an intrinsic difficulty in defining the Hispanic due to the numerous stereotypes evolved from such trends as migrant seasonal workers and illegal immigrations. The most widely used and accepted terms are "Hispanic" or "Latino" (Ramos 14). The term Hispanic is normally applied to all those citizens who are Spanish-speaking and have a historical and cultural heritage or lineage linked to Spain. Latino refers to people originating or having a cultural heritage from Central and Latin America. This is important to note the difference between both classes, as it can become confusing and cumbersome in data analysis. Latino does not necessarily imply Spanish background and linkages, instead encompasses numerous languages derived from Latin e.g. Spanish, French, and Portuguese, which are commonly found to be spoken in some context in many Latin American nations (Ramos 15)."
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Institutionalized Sexism in the Workplace, 2008.
An analysis of the environmental, cultural and structural factors relating to sexism in the workplace.
2,239 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses important environmental, cultural and structural factors that relate to North American private sector organizations. It also questions how Canadian organizational cultures may differ from those found elsewhere in North America. The paper then focuses on the expectations and aspirations of Canadian women vis-a-vis women in the workplace and the bias they face.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Changed Environment
Organizations as Machines
Culture and Aspiration
Sociologists and Questions
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
" As Deborah Brandt's compelling work reveals, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has certainly produced a re-gendering of labour towards the abject exploitation of very poor women who will never know the confines of institutional or organizational employment, never lament that higher studies or qualifications earn them a 10 or 15 percent pay difference, or that they cannot reach a board of directors. (2000) These matters can seem much more important for sociologists to discuss when examining power in relation to institutions that need to be examined in their much greater, macro-systemic and environmental meanings. The stronger questions of gendered labour would seem those involving women - and men - for whom labour and access to paltry wages are matters of life and death."
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Labor Unions' Power, 2008.
This paper discusses the state of the American labor movement today.
2,151 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper examines three works that analyze the downfall of the American labor movement, but also provide positive information on the transformation of the labor union organizational structure. The paper discusses labor unions' aggressive grassroots campaign, their extension of member demographics and their efforts to establish legitimacy. The paper concludes that, although smaller in size, the influence of labor unions in the political arena is still strong and through expansion and reinvention, labor unions may become the driving force of labor market issues in the 21st century.
Outline:
Labor Organization and Movement
Expanding the Grassroots Campaign
Legitimacy and Organizational Structure
From the Paper
"The state of the modern American labor movement has seen a drastic change since the congressional and election reforms of the 1970's. Not only did the McGovern reforms eliminate the influence of political party leaders, it served to change the strategic approach of labor unions in the political arena. Additionally, the McGovern Reforms of 1972 addressed the partiality in the Democratic delegation, and hindered the labor unions from seating specific delegates that were labor friendly. In this sense, labor unions were forced to choose Democratic candidates much more wisely, and impaired the standard blanket effort to sponsor multiple Democratic candidates in a single race."
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Labor Unions, 2008.
This paper explores the influence of public labor unions today.
2,226 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of labor unions and disagrees with the belief that labor unions are archaic and provide few benefits to workers in the 21st century. The paper explores the political power and influence that labor unions have in shaping Senate and House legislation in the US, in addition to monitoring the policies that may impact domestic labor. The paper shows how labor union influence in contemporary United States politics and public policy has gained momentum in shaping the outcome of domestic and foreign policy.
Outline:
The Contemporary Role of Labor Unions
The Labor Union Power Game
Changes that Impacted the Labor Union Political Strategy
From the Paper
"The original form and function of the labor union was to provide protection, benefits and a political voice for workers in manufacturing and skilled trades. In the early 20th century, the AFL-CIO was formed, and influential movers such as Samuel Gompers aided in the facilitation of increased wages and benefits for textile and manufacturing workers. The power of labor unions progressed so quickly and drastically, that President Franklin Delano Roosevelt included a labor regulation policy in the New Deal in the early 1930's. As a result, the Department of Labor was established to monitor the authenticity of labor unions in addition to regulating the practices and extent of power of these advocacy groups."
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Canadian Wage Structure Changes, 2007.
This paper discuses the effects of technological change and computerization on the wage structure in Canada.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even if Canada is not at all a world leader in terms of rewarding its IT workforce, IT workers have seen their wages rise sharply compared to the wages of other Canadians. The author points out that computerization and technological advancement have made many jobs obsolete and many workers redundant. The paper relates that the rise of computerization and the concomitant rise in new communication, conceptualization and manufacturing technologies paint a bleak picture for workers who are not facile with the latest software or tools. The author concludes that technological change in Canada has deepened the cleavages between various groups and that the country is rushing towards a serious crisis if something cannot be done to better facilitate the entry of millions of Canadians into the twenty-first century economy.
From the Paper
"Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing businesses in Canada have become more prevalent in recent decades. In fact, a study conducted in the late 1980s underscores just how daunting the job prospects were even then for workers who lacked the requisite training in computer technology. To wit, "CAD/CAM" firms by even the middle 1980s were profoundly re-shaping their organizational structure and functions because of new computer technology; in a similar vein, expenditures in the area of technological innovation were being pushed even then as a means of eliminating costly and "superfluous" workers."
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Career Choice, 2008.
This paper provides an assessment of personal relationships can impact career choice.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that career counseling is becoming increasingly sophisticated in terms of the methods of study and the implications gained from research and case studies in the field of counseling. The writer points out that one of the more recent developments in career counseling is in the area of inter-personal relationships that exist outside of the work environment and looks at how these can impact both the job candidate's professional aspirations and the likely outcomes for job performance. This paper examines how relationships among and between work, family, and associated factors that are involved in relationships can affect job performance. Further the writer discusses how it is the career counselor's responsibility to identify these aspects and contextualize then in respect to potential job openings and career decision-making.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature on Careers and Inter-personal Relationships
Summary
From the Paper
"Recently, author Barbara Ehrenreich called attention to the problems that many older professionals face when they lose their existing position and need to move into another. In her book, Bait and Switch: The (Futile) Pursuit of the American Dream, Ehrenreich pretended to be a woman in her mid-fifties who had been downsized from a competitive white-collar job and was seeking to enter the workplace. Initially, the book was intended to document her experiences as an older woman in the modern workforce, but after more than six months of actively seeking a job through various placement services, the book instead focuses on the challenges that older persons encounter when they look for new employment opportunities. She cautions against the use of career "coaches," who appear to take on the role of career counselors but are more likely to upsell their services and guarantee placement in jobs of the client's choice, as opposed to working with the client to help make appropriate decisions and build an effective career-oriented strategy."
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The Progressive Era, 2008.
This paper studies the progressive era and looks at the United States and Latin America, labor and nationalism in this regard.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the progressive era in the United States meant that there would be regulations that controlled industry and that no one industry would be capable of driving up prices or negatively impacting the common consumer. The writer notes that the chief proponent of the progressive movement was President Theodore Roosevelt. The writer then points out that Roosevelt felt, as many Americans of the time did, that large industries were beginning to control the lives of citizens and that unless some form of control was placed on these industries people would not be capable of having any hope of achieving success. The writer concludes that ultimately the impact of the American progressive era on Latin American countries was felt in the labor force, as well as in the nationalism that began to arise.
Outline:
United States Impact Abroad
Latin America: Labor and Nationalism
From the Paper
"President Roosevelt further believed that the manner in which many industries were operating would eventually cause environmental concerns throughout the United States. Because of this, Roosevelt moved to limit the amount of land that could be used by businesses and protect the natural environment in the country. This meant the creation of national parks and preserves, as well as the protection of national forests. By 1902 Roosevelt was also focusing on the protection of rivers and waterways within the country to protect the natural habitat of wildlife and ensure that there was adequate irrigation. This was because it was evident that industries were failing to comprehend the impact that their mining, oil drilling, use of timber and use of waterways was contaminating the environment. Roosevelt felt that the only way to ensure that these natural areas were safe in that time and in the future was to forcibly make industries to comply with federal laws."
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Sexual Harassment, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons for, issues involved in, and preventative methods for sexual harassment in the workplace.
2,576 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the most common types of sexual harassment and provides the federally accepted definition of sexual harassment. The paper further discusses important legal issues of sexual harassment in the workplace, particularly for employers. It also looks at the federal and state laws prohibiting sexual harassment and then analyzes effective prevention methods.
From the Paper
"Sexual harassment is an age-old problem that has entered the lime light in the past several years. Harassment is not new or necessarily changed, but individuals have become more aware of how their comments and actions can be offensive to others. Employees have the right to a workplace where they feel safe and free of sexual harassment. Comments and derogatory statements can affect the employee in a negative manner as well as the company. Sexual harassment suits have cost companies millions of dollars and could even risk the company's ability to remain open to the public. It is essential and legal to ensure that employers protect their employees from harassment and take the necessary steps to rectify any allegation of abuse. Employers can no longer turn a deaf ear to sexual harassment and are held responsible for the work environment that is created within their company. We as a society have an obligation to ensure that laws are followed and we do our part to not harass anyone as well, it is not only a moral issue but it is the law."
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Child Labor, 2008.
This paper discuses issues relating to child labor in the Third World.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that child labor is not only a practice that can be exploitative and detrimental to the welfare of the child, but it also negatively characterizes the conditions within the country. The author points out that child labor has long been established within all countries, including developed countries such as Canada, the United States and Western Europe. The paper states that dismissing child labor outright reduces the opportunity to identify the wishes of the children themselves in respect to their ability to support or supplement the earnings of the family as well as reduces the opportunity for developing countries to affect positive change by evaluating their own child labor practices and its impact on their economic position.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Basics of Child Labor
Child Labor and International Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Child labor is criticized based upon the conditions of the workplace, the wages child workers receive, and the consequences of working as opposed to receiving an education or participating in other normal childhood activities. Sites where child laborers work are situated in developing countries where there are minimal provisions in place to ensure the safety of workers; this outcome is exacerbated when the children do not have the ability to facilitate change through representation or through equal association with those who hold power within this environment."
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Raising the Minimum Wage, 2008.
An analysis of the history of minimum wage increases in the US and whether changes are necessary in the current situation.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses when and how minimum wage should be increased for employees. It looks at the history of minimum wage increases and then discusses the benefits and difficulties of wage increases for employers. The paper also looks at whether the minimum wage has finally reached an acceptable level which can now be deemed a livable wage or whether an increase in wages is necessary.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Doubled Minimum Wage Results
Market Demand Curve
Company Affects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unfortunately when wage rates rise it must be performed across all employees within a company. This will result in a significant outlay for any corporation when raises are given or wage rates change. When such changes occur there is a significant change in the lowest hourly rate which will eventually follow through to other positions including those occupied by the skilled labor forces (Edwards 10). When such increases occur margin levels must also increase in order to support such increases in the corporate salary expenses. However when such increases occur, it is inevitable that the same number of employees will continue to populate the company as what did prior to the wage increases. The fact is that wage is usually not directly proportionally to increases in margin. The aggregate unemployment rate has varied between 4% and 8% over a period of 20 years (Overall Unemployment Rate in the Civilian Labor Force). However, the numbers of employees in the skilled labor force have increase by a significant number of employees."
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Employment in Different Places, 2007.
This paper looks at the differences in employment opportunities in different areas, focusing on New York and California.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that employment opportunities vary from one city to another, one region to another, and even one neighborhood to another. Further, the writer points out that they also vary greatly in terms of different opportunities for different kinds of jobs and different industries. In this paper, the writer discusses the differences in searching for a job in the two different areas of New York and California. The writer also makes personal comments in this regard. The writer concludes that employment statistics are different for the two states, of course, but to the individual, each job sought is unique and carries with it a unique set of issues, requirements, and opportunities.
From the Paper
"The automobile is much less important in New York City and indeed is often a liability in that city. The transit system in the city is well-developed and extensive, enabling the individual to get virtually anywhere in a reasonable amount of time. Interestingly, this has a somewhat different effect on employment than one might think, at last for many people. In Southern California, the automobile takes the individual throughout the city so that he or she might work some distance from home in spite of the problems this creates for people without a vehicle. Those people may not be able to ravel as far for work and are limited in the choices they can make as a result. In New York, while the transit system is extensive and efficient, commuters may come from out of town on trains and then make use of the local transit system. The system in New York is quite different from that in Los Angeles, but the effect on the worker is much the same, allowing him or her to live some distance from where they work."
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Social Assistance, 2007.
Analyzes 3 articles on social assistance: "Slouching toward the Bottom? Provincial Social Assistance Provision in Canada", "Alberta: One-Party
"Dominance and Neo-Liberalism", & "Aroused like One from Sleep: From NewPoor Law to Contractual Workfare".
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes how neo-liberal policy has its roots in nineteenth century conceptions about the unemployed - and how this mind-set has crept back into the provincial policy-making of modern-day Canada. While discussing the three articles, the writer suggests that the climate of entitlement which characterized the period from 1945 to at least the middle 1970s in much of the western world has given way to a neo-liberal ethic that actually hearkens back to an earlier time wherein obligations on the part of those who found themselves under-employed were considered at least as important as the rights those individuals had to secure shelter and some form of income. The writer concludes that social policy is cyclical, and that the articles appear to capture that trend.
From the Paper
"Before bringing this paper to a close, a few final points are in order. Clearly, there can be little question that all of the articles touch upon the new-found popularity of neo-liberal policies in an age of globalization and in an age of governmental retreat brought about by the new fluidity of capital, people, information and resources - a fluidity which has dramatically curtailed the power of government to execute labor policy as it once did. Beyond that, it may be said that these articles craft a compelling picture of the ideological and political reasons why governmental actors did not strive harder, when it became clear that the easy affluence and low unemployment of the immediate post-War period was no longer guaranteed, to protect the entitlements and generous provisions to which many Canadians had become accustomed after 1945. Ultimately, economic pressures provided a welcome excuse for neo-conservative statesmen to pursue reformist measures that would have been unthinkable a generation earlier."
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Discrimination in Labor, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of discrimination against women in the Canadian labor market.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that some people today might think that women are no longer discriminated against in the workplace. After all, the writer points out that there is a Bill of Rights that prohibits discrimination against women in all arenas, including the workplace. However, this essay argues that there is still discrimination against women in the workplace. The writer explains that this is true with regard to the types of jobs women are able to get, as well as the wages they are able to earn, working conditions and wrongful dismissal compensation, among other aspects. The writer concludes that this is true despite a plethora of legislature and court rulings that have attempted to correct the situation.
From the Paper
"Moreover, with regard to the crucial matters of finding a good job and earning decent wages, the evidence clearly shows that women are still disadvantaged relative to men. The fact that there is still a substantial wage gap is demonstrated by the findings of a comprehensive Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) which was conducted in 1999. The WES clearly and indisputably showed that women were still earning much less than men. Overall, women were paid 80c for every $1 paid to men. Women's average hourly rate was $17.14, while for men it was $21.54. This survey was careful to make the kind of statistical errors that had previously skewed results. For example, it based the survey on hourly wages, and so was able to avoid false differences that were really caused by the fact that some women work fewer hours per years."
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Workplace Dating Morals, 2007.
This paper discusses whether it is morally acceptable for an employer to make rules against dating in the workplace.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the work-oriented culture of today's society has increased the prevalence of office romances. Long hours spent together at the workplace, exacerbated by the lack of time to spend on outside activities, often serve as a springboard for these types of relationships. However, the writer points out that with these relationships come certain liabilities for the associated employer. The writer discusses that forbidding fraternization between employees raises questions of discrimination as well as privacy issues. The writer then looks at the issue of possible no dating policies in the workplace. The writer concludes that the most moral solution would be one that is able to give employers protection against the risks they face with employee dating, while also allowing employees the freedom to live their lives outside the workplace.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Morality Overview
Employer Interests
Are No Dating Policies Morally Acceptable?
Recommendation
From the Paper
"As noted earlier, there are significant downside risks for employers who have employees involved in inter-office relationships. Increased incidence of co-worker complaints of favoritism and the resultant negative effect on the team atmosphere and productivity coupled with possible reduced productivity from the employees involved are all significant concerns for an organization. In today's hyper-competitive, increasingly globalized world, these factors could significantly impact a company's bottom line with reduced competitiveness in their industry."
"In addition, allowing employee dating opens the organization up to an increased chance of sexual harassment lawsuits."
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The Role of Canadian Unions and Workers, 2007.
An analysis of the roles of Canadian unions and workers in advocating for more generous benefits packages.
996 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of Canadian unions and workers in promoting a quality-of-work agenda. It briefly argues that Canadian workers and unions should use their knowledge of the "front-line" of the workplace to act as advocates for more generous benefits packages and greater employment flexibility for men and women seeking to "marry" work life with personal life. In particular, the paper argues that comprehensive training, appropriate "time off", ample reward for those who perform admirably in their position, a strict adherence to the health concerns of employees and recognition that being a mother demands special concessions on the part of the organization are all things which unions and workers should take up with senior management during collective bargaining.
From the Paper
"One other thing which unions and workers can (and, frankly, must) do is to find ways of integrating the responsibilities of life outside of work with the inevitable time spent working on behalf of the company. For example, organization-provided day-care centers (preferably located right on the work premises) have been a recognized staple of a strong corporate commitment to employee happiness and well-being for some time now (Mastroianni, 1992) and, as more and more women enter the workforce full-time, the need to meet their concerns is a practical business matter and not just a "frill" that management can lightly ignore. Given this reality, unions and employees have an obligation to present to senior officials in any corporation the burdens under which their female members labor and how easy-to-access and safe day-care centers for their children are an excellent means of keeping productive women within the organization - as opposed to having them decide that being a 'stay-at-home' mother is more satisfactory. Furthermore, the progressive organization will also offer flexible employment packages enabling women to work from home if that is something they truly desire."
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