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"Landowners in Colonial Peru", 2002.
An analysis of this book by Keith A. Davies.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief analysis of Davies book in which he analyzes the economic and fiscal history of Peru. He focuses his study on the families of Arequipa, that the Spaniards founded in 1540 in Southwestern Peru. It looks at how they invested in agricultural lands so they could become a symbol of status in the society.
From the Paper
"Geographically, the region of Peru that is written about in the book is different from the areas in the southern, northern and central regions as far as topography is concerned. The plot of this book focuses on the period starting from the early 1700?s till the late 1700?s. However, after reading this book one feels that if it had been written around the eighteenth century it would have attracted greater attention since the inauguration of the general was responsible for many of the changes."
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The Latin American Music Industry, 2002.
An analysis of the recent decline of the Latin American music industry with proposal of innovative new solutions to re-infuse the market
1,194 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the techniques and methodologies that fuel the fire behind a potentially future global leader in the music industry, the Latin American Recording Industry. It evaluates the market considerations that will become increasingly important if the market is to continue to expand successfully. It also proposes solutions to the recent decline in Latin American music sales, following the boom of the nineties.
It presents viable alternatives, solutions and innovations for the Latin American music industry, through a detailed analysis of several market characteristics and considerations, including trends, socioeconomic and ethno-musicological factors.
From the Paper
"Since the 1990?s however, the Latin American recording industry has witnessed a decline in growth. Sales, which during the nineties accounted for as much as 7% of the world market, now only account for approximately 4%. A large majority of the recent decline is due to changing market considerations and global trends, socioeconomic factors and technological advances. As the Latin American music market moves into the global market, the use of the internet becomes increasingly critical to success. One of the difficulties faced not only by the Latin American Market, but by all music entrepreneurs is the growing threat of piracy, which technology has enabled."
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Alberto Williams and Nationalism, 2002.
Discusses the rise of Argentinian nationalism and the effect that Alberto Williams' music may have had on it.
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper first examines the societal, political and cultural factors in Argentina that coalesced to create a foundation upon which nationalism could blossom and then looks at how Alberto Williams' music helped inspire further feelings of nationalism amongst the citizens of Argentina. Consideration is also given to Argentinian art and its effects on nationalism.
From the Paper
"Generally speaking, the term nationalism is used to describe a sense of identification which individuals within a society or culture share regarding their state of residence. Most countries are characterized by this identification to some degree or other and Argentina is no exception. However, if one considers the fact that Argentina has been an independent country since 1810, what is striking is how long a true sense of nationalism took to fully blossom (Douglas). Specific to the topic of this paper, Alberto Williams was not born until 1862. Furthermore, his music would not have been able to affect the listeners in his country until he reached adulthood and was able to actually compose it. Then one must consider that the music would have had to have been accepted by Argentine society and then disseminated across a wide enough area of the country where it could actually have any sort of influence."
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Pablo Escobar - Colombian King Pin, 2002.
The paper examines the life of the late drug king pin, Pablo Escobar and the role he played in the Colombian criminal justice system.
1,999 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper traces Escobar's life from humble peasant beginnings to powerful cocaine drug dealer and kingpin. The paper discusses the sound financial decisions Escobar made as well as the way he invested in legitimate projects using the funds he gained illegally. The paper explores the influence Escobar had and the way he worked, ultimately unsuccessfully, to establish a no-extradition clause into the Colombian constitution.
From the Paper
"Escobar believed his entire life that he was something special. He wanted to get to the top quickly and as a child decided he was not going to take the slow and steady path that law abiding citizens took. He began a life of crime, without regard to who he hurt and killed along the way(Fontaine, 2001). His eventual success in the community did not negate the means he used to gain that success however and when he tried to use his gained political popularity to change the constitution in a manner that would erase his past the public turned on him. He went to prison, escaped and died(Fontaine, 2001). Had Escobar not existed, the business aspects of the drug world would not be as organized as it is. He was able to develop solid financial and business practices in an illegal world. He left a mark in which is name will always be associated with the notorious drug lords of the world. Pablo Esobar wanted the good life, but he didn?t care who he hurt to get it."
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IMF and Argentina, 2002.
A look at the International Monetary Fund 's (IMF) lending policies using Argentina as an example and a discussion of whether it is time for reforms.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the International Monetary Fund (IMF) developed the economic policies of Argentina in the 1990?s, at which time the lending policies seemed to be ideal for the nation. It examines how since this time, many economic experts have discovered many inherent flaws in these policies, which indicate the need for change. It analyzes how with Argentina's recent default and subsequent economic demise, the IMF has been forced to reconsider its current lending policies. It shows that while Argentina may serve as a model case to urge the IMF to adopt a policy that requires less conditions and more ownership by national policymakers, as long as the IMF has an interest in human conditions, its approach to lending will still have to be made according to economic rather than political criteria.
From the Paper
"Under its lending policy, the IMF required Argentina to initiate a Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), which aimed to promote the balanced expansion of world trade through the stability of exchange rates, preventative measures against competitive devaluations, and efficient correction of payments problems (Graham, 2002).
Basically, the IMF ordered Argentina to increase exports and minimize imports. By increasing exports, a member state brings in external capital, which can be used to repay its debt (Mussa, 2002, p. 312). To do this, Argentina needed to attract foreign companies for exports. The IMF required that the nation eliminate any political legislation that would prevent foreign investment, such as labor unions and minimum wage laws."
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"Franciscan Beginnings in Early Colonial Peru", 2002.
A brief review of the book "Franciscan Beginnings in Early Colonial Peru" by Antonine Tibesar which provides an account of the Franciscans? role in converting the native population of Peru to Christianity.
916 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Tibesar, basing his work on primary sources wherever possible, asserts that although the Franciscan Order was by no means the primary religious order in colonial Peru, the Franciscans successfully integrated the Indians into Spanish culture. The paper describes the contents of the book as well as the type of sources used.
From the Paper
"The author constantly admits that there is a dearth of documentary materials written by religious persons of the sixteenth century. Rather, most documents were written by military personnel or conquistadors. Rather than become discouraged by this lack of source material, Tibesar works closely with the materials provided to him by the Franciscan Order in modern Peru. The focus for the book is specifically on the Franciscan Order, but by necessity Tibesar places the Order in social, political, and historical context in order to provide an accurate account of its role in sixteenth century Peru. Tibesar notes that the Franciscan Order contended with frequent clashes of interest with Spanish authorities, both religious and secular, in their attempts to convert the Indians. For the Franciscan, Christian spirituality and way of life were far more important than establishing organized bodies of governance in New Spain. Therefore, the friars basically remained true to their ideals of Christianity."
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Race and Environmentalism, 2002.
Discusses and explains the problem of environmental racism in cities throughout the country.
4,650 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the attempt to dump unwanted projects that pose a large number of health and environmental risks, on poor and minority communities. The paper addresses the racial bias reflected in the environmental decisions made by the City of Los Angeles, and uses the Vernon incinerator case as an example of the city's decision-making process and how organized communities can fight back.
From the Paper
"The Mothers of East Los Angeles actually came together before the Vernon incinerator proposals appeared on the horizon. They originally sought to prevent the construction of an eighth penal institution to their neighborhood. The Mothers of East Los Angeles began meeting regularly at their church in 1984 to discuss the problems facing their community. They developed a political awareness and began traveling to Sacramento to make their views known to state legislators and officials. These elderly women became well-known in the state capitol and managed in time to bring legal action against the prison plan, leaving it in abeyance indefinitely while in the courts. They soon had another project to occupy their time. In 1985, the state had started the process for building the first largescale hazardous waste incinerator in a metropolitan area, and it was to be placed right in the middle of East Los Angeles where the Mothers lived."
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Panama, 2002.
A brief history of the South American republic of Panama.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Panama, a Central American republic, whose unique geographic location on the narrow strip of land connecting two continents (North and South America) and separating two oceans (the Pacific and Atlantic) has played a defining role in the country?s history and the lives of its people. It looks at how apart from the importance of its location that gave rise to the famous Panama Canal connecting the two great oceans, the country lives in the shadow of the neighboring United States and much of its recent history and politics has been influenced by and intertwined with that of the U.S. It shows how despite these odds, the Panamanians have struggled to take charge of their own destiny by developing its own unique culture, system of government and an economy that did not depend solely on the canal.
Outline
Retrospective History of Panama
Contemporary Political History
Economic History
Social History
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Panama was ?discovered? by the European/ Spanish explorers in the early sixteenth century who made it a part of the Spanish Empire, naming it the South Sea. A large number of the native Panamanian people were either killed by the colonists, died through the spread of foreign diseases against which they had no immunity or fled to remote regions of the country. Panama became an important crossroad and marketplace of the Spanish empire in the Americas. The silver, gold, spices, and other goods looted from various parts of South America were shipped to Panama City (built on the Pacific coast), carried across the strip of land (called the Isthmus) for onward journey on ?treasure ships? to Spain. Panama was also an important shipment point in the slave trade from Africa during this period."
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The Amazon Rain Forest, 2002.
Discusses the impact the destruction of the forest has on the area and the people of the region.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the Amazon Rain Forest destruction and how it is impacting the indigenous people who live there. The writer explores the forest, the ways that it is being destroyed and the direct and indirect negative impact the destruction has on the many tribes in the area.
From the Paper
"The destruction of the Amazon Rain Forest has been well publicized, but the spotlight is not focused on the indigenous people who live there. With deforestation, fires, medicinal products being made out of plants from the area without the profits going to the tribes, and disease spreading like wildfires, there are many threats to the indigenous populations of the Amazon Rain Forest and the consequences of the current path will prove to be devastating."
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Dominican Migration into the United States, 2002.
An examination of the reasons for Dominican migration and how this has affected their culture.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by discussing the reasons for the recent increase in Dominicans searching refuge in the United States by examining political and socio-economic reasons for migration. It then looks at a history of this immigration trend and discusses the profile of the Dominican population within the U.S. It discusses their racial background, education, social and economic statures, religion and culture. It looks at the future prospects for this community and whether their migration has assisted Dominicans left behind. Includes graphs and tables.
From the Paper
"In the 1960?s and early 1970s, the Dominicans who traveled to the United States were mostly political refugees. Uncertain economic and political conditions prevailing in Haiti and Cuba in the 1980s and 1990s became the cause of waves of migration into the United States from these two nations, and the immigrants often used desperate means to get to their destination. Dominicans are the largest group of immigrants coming from any one Latin American or Caribbean country in three New England States ? Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. "
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Destruction of the Indies, 2002.
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the books "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" by Bartolome de Las Casas.
1,522 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the book and gives an opinion of the content. It discusses why Las Casas' account of how the Spanish treated the natives is a darkly disturbing book that will remain in the reader's mind for a long time to come. It explains why this book sheds a dark light on the Spanish colonial practices.
From the Paper
"The Introduction of "Account" chronicles Las Casas' life, and introduces just how he came to champion the natives of the Indies. Las Casas opens his history with a compelling statement, compelling the reader to continue reading. "Everything that has happened since the marvellous discovery of the Americas ? from the short-lived initial attempts of the Spanish to settle there, right down to the present day ? has been so extraordinary that the whole story remains quite incredible to anyone who has not experienced it at first hand" (Las Casas 3). Right away, the reader must turn the pages to find out more about this extraordinary story, and discover just why Las Casas became such an advocate for the natives. As he recounts the history of the area, the reader becomes aware of the horrors committed by the Spaniards, and begins to understand just what led this man to fight so heroically for the natives."
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Protest And Politics, 2002.
A comparison of the aims and methods of two political social movements - The American Civil Rights Movement and the Argentinian Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo.
6,012 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
Revolutionary movements have come and gone for as long as people articulate their own suffering. This paper explains how no two revolutions and no two social protest movements are ever alike. From motivations to social make-up, from method to longevity, each movement is unique. The paper examines two important movements which emerged within the last hundred years - the American Civil Rights movement and the revolutionizing of Argentina?s mothers in response to the political ?disappearances? committed by the junta government. It explains how these two movements are drastically different in many ways, including causation, method, structure and scope. It also analyzes how the way in which they both used protest, image, and self-sacrifice to evoke the awareness and sympathy of the world, they are alike.
From the Paper
"The US Civil Rights Movement is relatively unique in the scope of history on that its major players, and those for whom it was attempting to secure rights, were all members of a former slave race. Never before, so far as can be told, has a large population of freed slaves loudly and politically campaigned over an extended amount of time for equality with their former masters. There is something uniquely American about both the phenomena of black slavery as it existed here, and the subsequent civil rights movement. (In what other historical example have slaves, after being freed, continued to ask for political equality? When the Israelites were freed by the Egyptians, for example, they didn?t stick around to demand pyramids in their honor. This grand social experiment is both a tribute to the ingenuity of its founders and to the adaptability of the American system)."
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Brazilian Economics, 2002.
An overview of Brazil's economy, including exchange rates, in the past two and a half decades.
1,131 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of the nominal exchange rates over the last 23 years in Brazil and the relative strength or weakness of the Brazilian 'real' against the dollar over these years. The paper also includes an analysis of investing in a financial instrument based on the Brazilian real and makes use of graphs and tables.
From the Paper
"Brazil dealt with a ?strong economic shock? in 2002, according to the Brazilian Minister of Finance and the Central Bank of Brazilian (Filho, Campos 2003). The downturn was produced by deterioration in the international economic environment plus doubts in the international financial community about the conditions of the economy of Brazil. There was brisk 3 percent GDP adjustment of the current account balance, which was led by a steep improvement in the trade surplus because the private sector responded quickly to changing economic conditions."
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Cuban Independence, 2002.
A look at the key figures in the events leading up to Cuba's independence from Spain.
6,033 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The struggle for Cuban independence from Spanish rule involved many people. Some of the key figures were Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, Jose Marti, Maximo Gomez and Antonio Maceo. The paper shows that Cleveland and McKinley worked to maintain the status quo in Cuba, but events overcame their efforts. Marti, Gomez, and Maceo gave their lives to the cause of Cuban independence. An analysis in this paper of these men?s actions leading up to the Spanish-American War provides an interesting study in diplomacy, the power of the press and the use of guerrilla tactics.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. Grover Cleveland
III. William McKinley
IV. Jose Marti
V. Maximo Gomez and Antonio Maceo
VI. Conclusion
VII. Bibliography
From the Paper
"On 22 June 1997, McKinley received Calhoun?s report that concluded that Spain could not end the rebellion. Calhoun criticized Weyler?s reconcentration policy, which sought to deny the insurgents a base of operations, but caused terrible hardship for the Cuban people. Calhoun also concluded that Cuban independence was not feasible. McKinley reacted to Calhoun?s report by sending a diplomatic note to Spain on 26 June 1897. In it, he demanded that Spain fight the war in accordance with humanitarian considerations, and he called for the replacement of Weyler. McKinley further stated that if Spain failed to improve conditions in Cuba that he would have no choice except to take steps to ensure peace on the island. Spain wished to avoid a confrontation with the US."
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The Religion of the Aztecs, 2002.
An examination of the Aztec religion including a discussion of some of their gods and goddesses and the Aztec calendar system.
1,678 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the Aztec people took their religion very seriously and how they were one of the first groups of people to make up their own calendar and how they worshiped hundreds of gods and goddesses. It discusses some of their beliefs and rituals and evaluates how the importance of the gods and goddesses as well as the importance and significance of calendars are incorporated into these religious beliefs.
Outline
The Religion of the Aztecs
Introduction
The Aztec Calendar System
Aztec Beliefs
Primary Gods
Rites and Ceremonies
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Aztecs worshiped in temples that were either round or shaped like pyramids (Gregoire, 2003). Many of these temples had special areas that were used for games and other forms of offerings. These included special courts for playing ball games, and an area with sacrificial stones. The Aztecs normally followed a ritual of purification, then offering, then sacrifice. They believed that sacrifice was intrinsic to the worship of the gods, and that it was a necessity because there could be no new life without death. Death was part of the great circle of life, and the Aztecs had opinions about what happened to a person when they died. According to the Aztecs, where you went in death depended on what you had done in life (Perkin, 10)."
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"Amores Perros", 2002.
A review of the movie "Amores Perros" directed by Alejandro Gonz?lez Inarittu.
922 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the film "Amores Porres", which was made in Mexico in 2000. The movie is divided into three interrelated plots that intersect at key and surprising moments. The first of these three is about Octavio, who enters his pet Cofi in dogfights to earn money, so he can run off with his brother?s wife. The second story centers on a supermodel, her pet terrier Ritchie, and her boyfriend, who left his wife to be with her. The third interrelated story is about a homeless man and lover of stray dogs who has been hired as a hit man by a corrupt cop.
From the Paper
"The story of Octavio and Cofi depict the seedy underworld of dog fighting. This brutal and cruel sport is practiced all around the world, and the film shows that it can be quite popular in Mexico City. Cofi is a beloved pet, and both Octavio and his brother love the dog. However, Octavio?s brother is abusing his wife and Octavio wants to rescue his sister-in-law. The money he makes from fighting Cofi will pay for them to run away. This segment shows the horrors of dog fighting, revealing how lucrative and seductive gambling can be. Octavio is obviously a kind-hearted man who is genuinely in love with his brother?s wife."
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?The Banana Men?, 2002.
Analyzes this book by Lester Langley and Thomas Schoonover on American interests in Central America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews ?The Banana Men? (Lester Langley and Thomas Schoonover) which delivers an account of American involvement and goals of imperialism in Central America during the late 19th and early twentieth century. The book describes the operations of U.S. politicians seeking relief from the pre-depression era in the economy of Central America. The paper shows that highlighted in the tale of ?The Banana Men? are the nations of Honduras and Nicaragua, including the struggles each nation experienced during the time. The paper looks at how the book explains how Langley and Schoonover elaborate on America's goals of imperialism in Central America during the early 1900s and focus on the plights of individuals affected by such actions. Much rebellion and violent political disruptions and battles occurred as a result of U.S. involvement and the actions of political dictators and mercenaries.
From the Paper
"Lester Langley tells the story of the ?Banana Men? through the eyes and ideas of many different people. The novel explores the mindset of fruit producing corporations in Central America, American entrepreneurs coming to Central America for prosperity and adventure and the autonomous Central American dictators that controlled the politics of the country. The work discusses the history and background of the countries Honduras and Nicaragua from the early 1880?s to approximately 1930. The book does not elaborate on foreign affairs or American involvement of the politics of other Central American countries, perhaps limiting it?s effectiveness in perspective. It does however reveal American interest in turning attention away from the receding economy within the borders of the U.S."
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"A Nation For All", 2002.
Analyzes the book "A Nation for All: Race, Inequality, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Cuba" by Alejandro de la Fuente.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the above book, a detailed account of Cuba's modern history, especially as it relates to race and politics on the Caribbean island. The paper begins with a short summary and commentary on the book, including research methods done by the author the author's theme, and the author of this paper's own reaction to the book. The paper shows that de la Fuente's conclusions are well-documented and show that while the races have attempted to mix together admirably in Cuba, there are still wide gaps between white, black and mulatto.
From the Paper
"It is clear, while Cuban independence from Spain initially was a grand hope for an absolutely equal nation, that has not happened, and black children in Cuba face many of the same problems as black children in the United States. Even if they can get a good education, they may not be able to obtain a good job, simply because of their color. Bigotry is not supposed to exist, but it still does, and even Cuba, with her grand ideas of early nationalism is no exception. However, there are examples of Afro-Cubans who have altered politics, created change, and helped establish and modernize Cuba and Cuba's political outlook. The author's contention is not that blacks are much oppressed in Cuba, but that true equality between the races still does not exist."
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