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Jews in Present-Day Germany, 2007.
An analysis of the developing hostilities towards Jews in present-day Germany.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper looks briefly at the subtle and not-so-subtle hostilities and threats that confront Jews in present-day Germany. The paper argues that Germany's Jews may be about to see a return to the intolerance and viciousness of the middle-twentieth century. The paper discusses government policies in areas like immigration and education and the impact of a steady rise of the Muslim population in Germany.
From the Paper
"In closing, it is evident that many problems still bedevil German Jewry. For one thing, while there has been a superficial effort on the part of the German government to embrace Jews, this has occurred within a social and demographic context that suggests German Jewry will soon enough find itself targeted once again by hate-mongers and demagogues. Chiefly, even as German Jews must grapple still with a lingering sense of defeatism, they are now finding themselves surrounded by a less sympathetic German populace that is increasingly Muslim. While this does not have to lead to tragedy, the history of Germany suggests that Jews living in contemporary Berlin and other urban centers had best aware."
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The American Middle Class, 2007.
This paper compares two articles, which discuss the struggles of the American middle class: "Life at the Top in America Isn't Just Better, It's Longer," by Janny Scott and "Angela Whitiker's Climb," by Isabel Wilkerson.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the two articles, "Life at the Top in America Isn't Just Better, It's Longer" and "Angela Whitaker's Climb", address the struggles many peoples face in rising to middle-class "respectability" and comfort. The author points out that these articles show that social class determines not only the "creature comforts" one will enjoy in a lifetime but also the length of life one will be able to devote to those comforts. The paper concludes that, while the Wilkerson article raises some compelling points, the Scott article is more powerful because it juxtaposes the differential experiences of people who may share the same tragedies but not the same possibilities of recovery and ultimate success.
From the Paper
"As well, while both articles view poverty as a "trap" from which few escape, the Scott article is especially evocative because it actually captures what poverty means in terms of length of life and the extent to which that life will be complicated by health maladies that greater wealth could have avoided. Finally, both articles, to their credit, note how spouses in working-class and even middle-class homes must work together in order to ensure that the house, the cars and the children's educations are tended to."
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Human Language, 2007.
This paper discusses human language and speech.
1,169 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that speech as a phenomenon is only characteristic of humans. The introduction of speech and language is an event that cannot be compared to anything in human history. The writer points out that speech and language opened the door for easy and clear communication, thus enabling the distribution of knowledge, feelings and experiences among individual humans. The writer discusses that language plays an important role not only on the broad level of human race as a whole, but also on the level of every individual in the human race. It is not a static phenomenon. The writer notes that language changes within societies we live in but also the individuals within the societies change the language as they move from one environment to another and as they gather new experiences and knowledge. The writer concludes that language is not only a medium of communication. It also has deep significance for the cultural and social identity of an individual.
From the Paper
"The foundation of language and speech is of course in our physiological ability to express ourselves vocally. However, even though every one of us has this ability, we cannot start expressing ourselves verbally using spoken language from the moment we are born. We rather learn to speak, we learn to use the language in everyday life much like the humans did at some point in history. However, today we learn to speak with the help of our closest environment which is most often family. The first words or "vocal signs" we learn to use are often tied to the need for sharing our desires in the way most part of environment can understand and interpret. Simply by replacing mute, gesticulate "signs" of pointing, making faces or dancing, or "signs" of crying and grunting; with the "verbal sign" "angry" humans manage to establish contact with their broader environment."
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Culturally Aware Nursing, 2007.
A case study discussing the lack of cultural diversity among nurses.
1,373 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how cultural diversity is becoming an increasingly important issue to nursing. The paper discusses the lack of diversity among nurses and describes how this can affect patient care. It then presents a case study of an Eastern Indian patient and discusses the need for an interpreter and how her care may have been affected by the lack of cultural diversity among the nurses.
From the Paper
"Another strategy that can be used is the incorporation of cultural assessment tools, such as the Cultural Diversity Awareness Inventory by Henry (1985 as cited by Burcham, 2002) and the Self-Examination in Transcultural Issues assessment by Davis (1994 as cited by Burcham, 2002) which measure the respondent's attitudes and general cultural knowledge. Medrano, Setzer, Enders, Costello, Benavente and Smith (2005) emphasize the limitations on effective health care delivery that nurses display in a diverse cultural patient setting when they bring their own perspectives and value system into the encounter."
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History of Furniture Design, 2007.
This paper explores how the growth of domesticity in the Middle Ages affected furniture design.
2,618 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the evolution of the concept of domesticity - and its associated impact upon furniture design - was closely associated with the rise of the bourgeois or middle class and the gradual preeminence of urban living as the defining lifestyle of the Middle Ages. The paper shows how the merchant classes of medieval European cities were the primary agents of historical and social change and innovations in furniture design.
Outline:
Introduction
The Rise of the Middle Class
The Early Medieval Home and Furniture
The Evolution of the Language of Domesticity
The Signification of Furniture
From the Paper
"It must be acknowledged that in making the argument that it was the early European middle classes in their small city dwellings, and not the medieval nobility in their huge, picturesque castles, who were primarily significant in terms of the evolution of domesticity and furniture design one is challenging a popular image of medieval history. However, while the nobility were undeniably the ruling class in medieval Europe, the history of the Middle Ages can also be read as a history of the decline of aristocratic power and the rise of the middle class."
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Transcultural Care, 2007.
This paper explores how Mexican-American and Arab-American cultural factors impact nursing.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The papers explains that the goal of transcultural care is to provide culturally congruent care which agrees with cultural beliefs, customs and traditions. The paper discusses the Sunrise enabler that illustrates diverse influencers of health, all of which interact. The paper focuses on two of those cultural factors: religious and philosophical and cultural values and applies these factors to two cultures, Mexican-American and Arab-American. The paper stresses that transcultural nursing is the only means by which care providers can effectively care for patients from diverse cultures.
From the Paper
"Use of the Sunrise Enabler begins with the worldview. "Worldview refers to the way people tend to look out upon their world or their universe to form a picture or value stance about life or the world around them" (Leininger & McFarland, 2006, p. 25). Worldview strongly influences care and health decisions, and also guides decisions and behavior related to wellbeing. Cultural outlooks are in fact cultural worldviews or ways of seeing the world. They are not going to be changed by logical argument. When providing care, it is very important that the nurse "focus on the client's beliefs, values, needs and lifeways" (Leininger, 2001, p. 21). The focus needs to always be on those beliefs, values and ways of coping with illness, not on one's own ideas. In many cultures, illness is seen as having cultural and religious causes. The decisions that patients and families make can be very different from what the nurse or other care providers would recommend."
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Gender and Spirituality, 2007.
An analysis and comparison of gender and spirituality through an interview with Anna, a Wiccan Woman, and that of Nisa of the Kung peoples.
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This anthropological study evaluates an interview with Anna, a fifty-year-old Wiccan woman alongside that of Nisa of the Kung peoples. The basis of this comparison aims to define the similar spiritual and gender -based beliefs of each of these women, as they reveal their beliefs through their experiences in two differing environments. By evaluating these two women, the paper aims to show the similarities that stretch beyond normal societal barriers between indigenous and western cultures within a spiritual and gender role context.
From the Paper
"In this manner, the anthropological aspects of similarity between these women show a concerted effort to reach deeper beneath the surface features of their societies, and find particular experiences that defy the patriarchal aspects of their beliefs. Nisa is aware of how men are not absolutist in their views of gender roles, just as Anna is also aware that it is not men in general that is the problem within her beliefs, it is the gender role stereotypes created externally (through the media and education) that she chooses to battle. For Anna it is the male/female unification of gender roles of Wicca that reinforce her belief in greater feminine wisdom, which is also deeply embedded within the beliefs that Nisa imparts within the details of her spiritual life."
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Yanomamo Culture, 2007.
This paper analyzes the anthropological work "Spirit of the Rainforest: Yanomamo Shaman's Story" by Mark Ritchie.
1,199 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the narrative and storyline of the shaman that Mark Ritchie interviews in "Spirit of the Rainforest: Yanomamo Shaman's Story", in order to identify the deeper truths about Yanomamo life within the jungles of Venezuela. The paper shows how Ritchie creates an insightful, yet biased version of life within this tribe. The paper explains that by interviewing the Jungleman, Ritchie has chosen to interview the brainchild of the Yanomamo tribe's mythos and law, making a very difficult case for empirically learning the truth about Yanomamo culture.
From the Paper
"The main thesis that is put forth by author Mark Ritchie in this narrative study of the "Jungleman"--a shaman of the Yanomamo tribe--is the digression from the ideal of the "Noble Savage." In many ways, Ritchie acts as the interpreter for Jungleman to dictate his own experiences with spirits that govern the destiny of his tribe. In many ways, the idea of the noble savage has been a western stereotype about tribal natives that are devoid of "western" cruelties, violence, or greed. At the beginning of the tale, it is Jungleman that tells of his belief in Charming Spirit--a mysterious spirit woman that tells him who and what he is: "You are so brave," Charming Spirit told me in her soft voice. She is the most beautiful woman I have known in the spirit world". Although this appears to satisfy the western stereotypes of the beauty of the spirit world--via the Noble Savage--Jungleman is revealing a small part of the beauty within his culture. In fact, the harsh reality of death and violence is the greater part of what Ritchie hears from the old shaman, as he does not hold back the harsh reality of life in the tribe."
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Trade and Civilization, 2007.
A review of K.N. Chaudhuri's book "Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750".
1,609 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses trade and civilization in and around the Indian Ocean. It begins by describing the general link between an ocean and the development of peoples and civilizations lying within geographic proximity of it. The paper then goes on to review K.N. Chaudhuri's book "Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750" that the contention he makes in the book that the Asian oceanic trade of the "Dark" and Middle Ages dramatically shaped Asian civilization.
From the Paper
"The last area of discussion is the manner by which the internal economies of the Asian societies were influenced and shaped into one form or another by the Indian Ocean. Without question, countries adopt their economies to the natural resources they have available to them. Trade can very easily lead to specialization in certain areas above and beyond all others and to economic and technological innovation of the highest magnitude. When examining pages 186 and 187 of Chaudhuri's text, one is immediately struck by how certain geographic locations specialized in certain export items, such as China specializing in the export of silk or rice. This development foreshadows in today's age of globalization, and it gives lie to the theory that the specialization brought about by a global market is somehow a twentieth century phenomenon. In a real sense, the indigenous economies of many Asian countries to the present have their antecedents in the Indian Ocean trade of the pre-modern epoch."
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End of Life Issues, 2007.
This paper discusses end of life issues for the family.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses end of life issues for the family and notes that all nurses are certain to encounter these issues in some form. The writer points out that with a rapidly aging population, it is vital to provide culturally and gender-sensitive end-of-life interventions to enhance patient/family satisfaction and to efficiently allocate resources. The writer maintains that women experience end-of-life problems differently from men and minority cultures encounter very different issues from the white dominant culture. The writer looks at the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) that allows for a systematic method to complete a comprehensive family assessment as well as the choice of the most effective interventions to ensure family functioning. The writer discusses this topic with regards to communication, roles and influence.
From the Paper
"This dimension includes the family life cycle and the continuity and change related to a chronic illness. Culture and class interact with family development. Family life cycles such as death demand that that the family change and adapt. In terms of developmental assessment, any recent significant events in the family along with impending death need to be discussed. This assessment establishes the family's developmental stage, provides a perspective by which the current stressors can be explored to determine the probable impact on the family and on its future development."
"Within the functional dimension, expressive functioning includes verbal, nonverbal, and emotional communication, roles, influence, beliefs, and alliances or coalitions. Good communication is vital when a patient is dying; in this situation, communication is particularly important for the family members who are subject to extreme stress."
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Individualism in India, 2007.
An analysis of the rising influence of individualism in India.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of individualism within a society and how it differs between countries. Next, the paper examines the culture in India and focuses on describing the lack of individualism that appears to be in their culture. It then shows how there is, however, a rising culture of individualism in India through the influence of individual mobility and information access.
From the Paper
"Some ways that we could expect to see the rising influence of individualism in India are in individual mobility and information access. Access to information separate from the influence of the extended family network--such as through digital networks--undermines the authority of the group by placing unprecedented power to make informed decisions in the hands of the individual. The spread of information access and usage throughout India could well be indicative of a new trend toward individualist values. Similarly, personal mobility, both the freedom to do so as well as the willingness, will be affected by individualist values. Greater mobility means more freedom of movement and a greater need to take personal responsibility for personal and professional decision that cannot always include the social group or extended family. Information access and mobility represent two of the ways in which individualist values could be asserting themselves in India."
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Religion and Culture, 2007.
This paper looks at beliefs regarding the structure of organized religion.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the understanding that organized religion is mandatory in the lives of some individuals, while it is cast aside by others. The writer notes that within her own personal experience in relation to the larger social order, these practices are both acceptable, depending on the individual. The writer maintains that the acceptance of this belief is due to a background in which hypocrisy has been seen in religion, as events over the last several decades have demonstrated that organized religion is not always about God, but about wealth. The writer concludes that due to culture, gender or the structure of organized religion, the true basis of religion is consistently ignored and this creates issues in theology that are detrimental to the beauty of faith.
From the Paper
"This knowledge has affected how I envision a divine ministry because it forces me to question the truthfulness of those that represent the church. Additionally, these experiences have led me to believe that my personal connection to God is more devout that many ministers or supposed faithful. This is because when representatives of the church seek to gain prosperity from innocent believers who are struggling in this world, they are overlooking the real core of religion. Religion must be about a personal relationship with God, not about ensuring that the poor remain so throughout their lives in the name of God."
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Anti-Israel Palestinian Textbooks, 2007.
This paper looks at how Palestinian textbooks perpetuate anti-Israeli sentiments among Palestinian youth.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper demonstrates the culpability of Palestinian educators in creating a climate that is intolerant, contemptuous of civil debate and which openly seeks the destruction of the Jewish state. The paper discusses what can be done to change the course of Palestinian education. The paper concludes that if Palestine can be prevailed upon to produce textbooks emphasizing basic numeracy and literacy instead of revenge, there is hope that the future of the Middle East can be less bloody than its past.
From the Paper
"To begin with, it is worth noting that Palestinians have been using Jordanian and Egyptian curricula and textbooks since the early 1950s. In light of the fact that Egypt has been a pretty virulent enemy of Israel for decades, it may be said that someone else's hatred not only found its way into Palestinian textbooks but actually complemented and amplified the antipathy Palestinians already felt towards Israel. In any case, Dr. Sami Adwan of Bethlehem University also writes that the aforementioned textbooks were subject to "complete censorship" by the Israeli military governor in the years between 1967 and 1993. Even when this state of affairs was modified in the 1990s, Adwan - who is Palestinian - writes that the Israelis continue to restrict the freedom of Palestinian students and teachers to move where they wish - and that the production of a new wave of Palestinian textbooks since the dawn of this decade has been done against a backdrop of violence and hopelessness."
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Anglo-Mexicans or Hispanics?, 2007.
This paper discusses the racial inequality sustained by Hispanics in America.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Hispanics in America have, since colonization by the Europeans first began, been fighting for some vestige of their true cultural identity. The paper discusses how the long institutionalized prejudice towards Hispanic populations in America has been a collective hardship in terms of both integration and quality of life. The paper describes the Hispanic population's unity and conformity to Anglo society.
Outline:
Introduction
What is Mexican?
Effect on Unity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The question of Mexican (Hispanic) identity is as politically charged as it is culturally anchored. Yet, this dynamic is a reflection of the identity crisis of the Hispanic itself: is it politically based in a policy of perpetual search for redress or is it a cultural identity in perpetual search for itself? Hispanics in America have, since colonization by the Europeans first began, been fighting for some vestige of their true cultural identity always, it seems, against the various bureaucratic and social mechanisms meant to dissociate them from themselves put in place by white America: "The greatest misfortunes of Spanish America are to be traced to the fatal error of placing these colored races on an equality with the white race""
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An Auto-Ethnography of My Life, 2007.
This paper is an auto-ethnography about how the experiences of living in three different countries have helped to form a deeply multicultural, complex person.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the author completed preschool and grade one in Hong Kong, one of the most multicultural cities in the world; however, his parents sent him and his brother to Sydney, Australia, to attended a private boarding school. The author explains that, regardless of how very hard they tried, he and his brother could never quite catch up with the other boys because they simply had too many disadvantages and additional stressors, such as extreme home-sickness. The paper relates that the whole family to Canada, which had a well-deserved reputation for being multicultural, in 1996, when the author was 14. The author reports that he was able to make a much better adjustment and, as an adult, has remained in Canada. The paper includes critical endnotes.
From the Paper
"After many years of hard work I was able to complete my high school education in Vancouver, and began the process to be accepted into Simon Fraser University. By the time I was accepted by SFU, my parents had decided to move back to Hong Kong. They cannot speak English at all, and I think they were too old and set in their ways to integrate into a foreign culture. Also, they had retired, so they did not have the enjoyment and stimulation of working. All in all, they were bored and socially isolated within a foreign culture, and really needed to get back to Hong Kong."
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Museum Anthropology, 2007.
This paper discuses the impact of new technologies on the practice of museum anthropology.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that new technologies are impacting the practice of museum anthropology by making possible a more accurate interpretation of what ancient objects are really saying, by removing long-held misconceptions, and by enabling museum anthropologists to get much closer to the real story told by these silent artifacts. The author points out that the invention of photography has made possible different kinds of exhibitions, while the invention of x-rays, combined with sophisticated computer analysis of these x-rays, has made possible a more informed understanding of what exhibit artifacts really mean. The paper relates that archaeologists, anthropologists, engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists are working together at the ancient site of Tiwanaku, Bolivia, to develop a large, subsurface surveying project that will attempt to identify artifacts before they are actually collected.
From the Paper
"Yet this was just the beginning of the ways in which technology would shape and frame the discourses engaged in by museum anthropologists. While the possibility of collections of photographs made possible a particular kind of exhibition, more recent advances have made possible a deeper insight into what the exhibitions actually mean. For example, the Krapina Neanderthal fossil bone collection was found in August, 1899, in caves in Croatia. It has long been thought that the collection was a relic of an ancient group of hominids that died out because they were weaker than other groups."
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Chagnon's Anthropology, 2007.
This paper explores the controversy surrounding the treatment of the Yanomamo tribe of Brazil by antrhopologist, Napoleon Chagnon.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Napoleon Chagnon has become the center of a heated debate surrounding his treatment of a tribal group he and a colleague studied for a number of years. The paper reviews four articles exploring the controversy but fails to find persuasive testimony which shows that Chagnon did harm to the Yanomamo tribe of Brazil, or that he and his colleague engaged in unethical behavior. The paper asserts that the unethical behavior of the review board which sought to ostracize Chagnon suggests that political motivations and not a genuine concern for the standing of the anthropological community is really at the heart of the furor.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Michael D'Antoni writes that Chagnon's work apparently revealed that those men who were the most violent among the Yanomamo people he studied in the 1960s were also the most likely to have many wives and many children - indeed, the most children. Thus, Yanomamo society - again, as determined by Chagnon - was a society characterized by lawlessness and where cruelty prevailed. Unfortunately, Chagnon's depiction of the Yanomamo brought him into conflict with powerful Roman Catholic missionaries and rival academics who felt that Chagnon's portrayal of the most "primitive" people on earth - and his assertion that the violence found in Yanomamo society was somehow characteristic of the true nature of man - were highly misleading. In effect, Chagnon argued - and continues to argue - that it is not modern society which creates war and strife but human nature; moreover, warfare drives the creation of modern societies (D'Antonio 2000:para.2-8)."
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Beer-Making, 2007.
This paper describes the history and complexity of beer-making.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that beer-making, which is a complex process involving the conversion of grains into usable sugars and requiring much skill and patience, has not changed fundamentally in centuries. The author points out that some people believe that beer-making originated about 10,000 years ago in Africa and was apparently made then, as it is now, from cereal grains. The paper relates that beer-making is captive to a sequential process, including a variety of essential ingredients, which must be closely adhered to if it is to achieve its full potential, at least in the eyes and palates of beer connoisseurs.
From the Paper
"For their part, hops and yeast also play key roles in the creation of commendable beer. To wit, the former is a "twining vine" that grows in the summer months and is commonly eaten as a vegetable with the leaves "blanched" and used a soup. But most of all, hops serve to add "bitterness and aroma" to a beer - even if they are considered an integral part of every brewing operation. Finally, yeast is another significant ingredient in the "typical" beer and it serves to convert fermentable sugars into alcohol - and into beer flavors."
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