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Feminist vs. Womanist Epistemology, 2007.
A comparison of womanist and feminist philosophies.
741 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the term 'womanist', which is used to generally describe the act of acting womanly. The paper explores how this definition includes behavior that is willful, courageous or audacious, according to Alice Walker, who coined the term "womanist epistemology." The paper further examines how the term "feminist" generally takes on another meaning, referring to females or women whose primary intent includes promoting the rights and equal opportunities of women. The writer proposes that the feminist approach is more negative and oppressive in nature, calling too much attention to the negative influence and practices of men in a patriarchal society. The writer argues that while it is important to call attention to oppressive practices, it is important to view a new paradigm with respect to the community as a whole.
From the Paper
"It is different from feminist epistemology as feminist's emphasis tends to be the oppression of women, primarily white women, without addressing categories of race and economics in its approach (Thomas, 1999). Womanist epistemology takes a more comprehensive approach and rather than focus on creating a "paradigm over against men" as it typical with feminist approaches, it offers an approach that recognizes "patriarchal systems as problematic" for the entire community, including women, men and children (Thomas, 1999). Thus it is less likely to pit men against women. Womanist epistemology focuses more on cultural knowledge and attempts to encourage philosophers to examine the dominant cultural themes that influence our living and general practices (Andersen & Hill, 1992; Thomas, 1999)."
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"The Darling", 2007.
An analysis of the short story, "The Darling", by Anton Chekhov.
2,572 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the short story "The Darling" by Anton Chekhov. Specifically, the paper discusses the characters' point of view and the theme of the work. The paper examines how the story illustrates women's roles in Victorian society, and uses characterization, theme, and point of view to illustrate the confining lives of women and their families. The paper further examines the character of Olga, a sad, even pathetic character who only lives for the men in her life. The writer concludes that Olga's wasted life is a lesson to anyone who allows another to become the center of his or her world and interests.
Outline:
1. Introduction
a. Thesis
2. Background on Chekhov
a. Writing history and life
3. Characters
a. Olga
b. Husbands
4. Themes of the story
a. Women in society
b. Loss and Death
c. A Mother's Love
5. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Olga (also called Olenka), is the main character of this story and the "darling" referred to in the title. She is an intriguing character full of weaknesses and faults, and yet Chekhov manages to make her sympathetic to the reader somehow. One critic of the story writes, "Tolstoy [...] believed that Chekhov had meant to denigrate his Olga, the buxom, warm-hearted 'darling' who has no opinions except those which she borrows from the current man in her life and who, without some male to worship, withers and grows sluttish, but that he could not help bathing her in sympathy" (Calder 251). Olga is sympathetic for a number of reasons. First, she genuinely seems grieved when she loses her first two husbands."
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Gender and Leadership, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the effects of gender-related leadership styles on the ability of male and female employees to relate to others.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the following research question: "To what extent, will there be a statistically significant effect, at a confidence level of .05, of male and female leadership styles (authoritarian, laissez-faire, democratic) on the ability of employees to self-disclose (relate oneself) to significant others as measured by the Jourard self-disclosure questionnaire?" The author points out that to maintain the research integrity as to the reliability and validity of the measurement data and statistical data analysis, the data collection will adhere to both pre-data collection and during collection procedures. The paper relates that, as the proposed study is seeking to determine the effects of an independent or treatment variable on the outcome or dependent variable, an orthogonal analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is an inferential parametric statistic, will be used to statistically analyze the data.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Conceptual Framework
Operational Definitions
Gender
Authoritarian Leadership Style
Laissez-faire Leadership Style
Democratic Leadership Style
Self-Disclosure
Data Collection
Statistical Data Analysis Procedure
Measurement Instrument
From the Paper
"For the proposed investigation, the environment from which the sample of both male and female employees and male and female managers will be selected will be from two different manufacturing environments wherein each manufacturing operation has at 6 male managers and 6 female managers who represent, equally all three leadership styles. The number of employees to be sampled will be 60 males and 60 females and are equally distributed among the three leadership style managers and business environments."
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Gays in the Military, 2007.
This paper argues against gays serving in the United States military.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a negative stance about gays serving in the United States military and against homosexuals in general. The author presents several arguments why gays should not be allowed to be part of the armed forces and highlights current legislation regarding this issue. The author sees homosexuality as a personal choice.
From the Paper
"Many individuals believe that gays and lesbians are not capable of serving in the military forces of the country and this belief is not based only on personal values, but also on military necessity, though, that does not mean that the personal values of many persons do not reach the same conclusion. In terms of military necessity it is essential for gays and lesbians to be excluded from military units to maintain unit cohesion. Combat performance would also decline if open homosexuals were permitted to serve in the armed forces of the country. Some also view the gay soldiers to be perverts in uniform, and in many cases, they should not have the honor of serving the country even if they are able to observe all service norms. The concepts of homosexuality and lesbian behavior however, have no idea of the expected norms of loyalty, honor and patriotism."
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Early Feminist Literature, 2007.
An analysis of the early feminist literature of Mary Wollstonecraft, Elizabeth Stanton, and Virginia Woolf.
3,296 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Mary Wollstonecraft's 1792 work, "The Vindication of the Rights of Woman", shocked many of its early readers equally for what it said about men and women and for the reputation of the author. The paper further discusses the 1848 "Seneca Falls Women's Convention Declaration", prepared by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The paper analyzes how the document echoes many of Wollstonecraft's ideas, but had more credibility due to the women who created it and the style in which it was written. The paper examines Virginia Woolf, who also discusses many of Wollstonecraft's ideas. The paper explores Woolf's treatise, "A Room of One's Own", which discusses many of the same ideas about women's education and the relationship between men and women as does Wollstonecraft.
From the Paper
"The Seneca Falls Declaration came from a meeting held in the summer of 1848 in upstate New York. This was one of the first meetings to address women's rights and issues. Stanton and fellow feminist and abolitionist, Lucretia Mott, organized the meeting after Mott had been refused permission to address the assembly at the world anti-slavery convention that had been held in London. This made the women questions the position of women in society in general and brought a variety of women and men together to discuss the issue and form this declaration."
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Gay and Lesbian Adoption, 2006.
This paper discusses the adoption of children by gay men and lesbian parents from the perspective of the social worker.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the number of children adopted by gay men and lesbian parents has increased as more state laws have relaxed the prohibition on these types of adoptions and as more social workers and agencies now are willing to accommodate and intervene for them. The author points out that this changing trend has lead to critical concerns about sexual orientation, the probability of molestation, teasing and harassment of the child, which have created a dilemma for the social workers between the need for adoptive families and the principles of his or her profession. The paper relates that research suggests that the adopted children of gay and lesbian parents develop normal or straight relationships with their peers and satisfying relationships with adults of both sexes; therefore, social workers should support this type of adoption as guided by their professional code of ethics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Adoption
Reasons for Accepting Adoption by Gay or Lesbian Parents
Issues and Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The revolutions of the 1960s and 1970s further influenced and modified adoption practices. These revolutions were the women's liberation, civil rights movement, sexual revolution, the adoptee's liberty movement, and the birth fathers' rights, birth control, legalized abortion and a dominant single parenthood culture. One consequence was that social workers were encouraged to adjust their role as educators for adoptive parents in helping them recognize and cope with raising adopted children as against raising natural children. Adoptive parents now demand more information on the child they take and whose future is entrusted to them."
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Title IX, 2006.
This paper discusses the history of Title IX and argues in favor of its retention.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Title IX is most famous for demanding parity in funding for athletics for both male and female teams in terms of activities offered, scholarship opportunities and dollars allocated for coaching and equipment, its goal is parity of educational opportunities for men and women in all areas of academia. The author points out that critics of Title IX claim that enforcement has evolved into an unfair quota system and underfunding of collegiate sports such as track and field and crew. The paper relates that one of the most significant impacts of Title IX is that women, regardless of whether they participate in athletics, now graduate from college in numbers proportionate to those of their male counterparts.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Title IX
Recent Legislative Controversy--Title IX
Years of Social Changes and Other Legacies of Title IX
Title IX Not a Panacea--Some Hidden Costs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In reference to athletics and professional development, it is worthy of note that one cannot simply separate success in athletics from success later in life. Of course, it is a cliche that athletics teach athletes about fairness and good sportsman- (or person)-ship. Scholarship opportunities are also often critical in helping disadvantaged and minority students gain access to a college education and to scholarships, both men and women. So long as the school's commitment to spectator athletics does not outweigh its commitment to academics this can be a boon for the athletes it benefits."
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Gay Marriage, 2007.
An argument in favor of same-sex marriages
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the issue of gay marriage has become a deeply divisive issue in the United States, and has polarized its politics as well as its society to some extent. This is mainly because the opponents of gay marriage suggest that same-sex marriages threaten the "time-honored institution" of marriages between man and woman and the traditional concept of a family. The writer argues that these arguments are based on false assumptions, religious prejudice, and intolerance of minority views. The writer proposes that such opposition to gay marriages is a violation of the guarantee of equal rights and equal protection to all citizens provided in the US Constitution and there is no justification for not allowing gay marriages.
From the Paper
"One of the basic reasons behind the opposition to gay marriage is the false assumption by some people that homosexuality is a "choice" rather than a natural inclination. This is so obviously a wrong assumption. No one "chooses" his or her sexual orientation. As a matter of fact, in view of the disadvantages faced by gay people in our society, no one in their right mind would voluntarily choose to be a homosexual since such a lifestyle provides them with no advantages whatsoever."
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Women's Rights, 2007.
This paper discusses the Women's Rights Movement and its accomplishments.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how through passion and steadfast work, the women's movement changed minds and attitudes across American society. The paper explains that meetings, petition drives, lobbying, public speaking and nonviolent resistance secured major changes in the social and political lives of American women. The paper shows how the early twentieth-century suffragists moved from discreet political action and quiet organization building to bold demands in the public sphere for women's political equality. This included advancements in education, employment and birth control.
From the Paper
"Just as there had been eighteen grievances declared in the Declaration of Independence, Stanton's Declaration of Sentiments also listed eighteen grievances, among which included: Women were not allowed to vote; Married women had no property rights; Husbands had legal power over their wives to the extent that they could imprison or beat them with impunity; Divorce and child custody laws favored men, giving no rights to women; Most occupations were closed to women and when women did work they were paid only a fraction of what men earned; Women were not allowed to enter professions such as medicine or law; and Women had no means to gain an education since no college or university would accept women students (History)."
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Beyond the Closet, 2007.
This paper studies Steven Seidman's opinions on gay personal and pubic life as portrayed in his book 'Life Beyond the Closet'.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer points out that in 'Life Beyond the Closet', Seidman shows how gay personal and pubic life has changed considerably over the past several decades, to the point that the closet is gradually fading and losing its viability. The writer maintains that especially since the 1990s, concurrent with a shift toward multiculturalism and tolerance in general, gays have secured civil rights and a sense of entitlement to basic freedoms and liberties. However, the writer discusses that normalizing homosexuals and making homosexuality mainstream falls short of achieving true equality and justice because normalization equals assimilation. Further, the writer points out that Seidman shows that gays and lesbians have a long way to go before becoming first-rate citizens of the United States.
From the Paper
"Gays have become part of the mainstream and proudly visible on television and the media. However, normalizing homosexuals and making homosexuality mainstream falls short of achieving true equality and justice because normalization equals assimilation. Without challenging the oppressive social institutions that create homophobia, prejudice, and sexism, normalization is simply not enough. Furthermore, being out of the closet can be dangerous: Seidman notes that hate crimes against gays increased fourfold between 1991 and 1998, and since the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy, there has been a 70% increase in gay and lesbian military discharges. Gay liberationism remains necessary in order to confront the underlying issues that fuel homophobia, sexism and other lingering injustices in American society."
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Intervention Methods and Diversity Competence, 2007.
This paper examines intervention methods used in organizations to promote gender diversity in the workplace.
1,741 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates methods organizations can adopt to help promote greater gender diversity. These methods include conducting annual diversity surveys, providing team building seminars and encouraging team building efforts within the organization. Such efforts lay the groundwork for building a culture that promotes diversity and encourages women to excel at all levels of the organization. It also works to provide women the tools they need to succeed within the organization and within a group setting.
Outline:
Intervention Methods and Diversity in the Organization
Direct Methods of Establishing Diversity Competence
Indirect Methods of Establishing Diversity Competence
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Traditional intervention methods may include various techniques and tools used to eliminate the cultural biases that exist within enterprises large and small. Intervention methods basically involved direct and indirect actions that one engages in to alter certain events or behaviors to improve the performance of a group and reduce behaviors considered undesirable (Garmston, 2004). Interventions may be helpful in promoting greater empowerment among groups that are traditionally singled out in the workplace, including women."
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Gender Roles, 2007.
An examination of gender roles in in Morocco and Algeria.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, over the past several decades, two neighboring Northern African states, Algeria and Morocco, have taken different paths in their views and treatment of families and genders. The paper examines how, as a result of the specific differences in the treatment of gender, the male and female genders have assumed different roles in each of these countries. In this paper, several books and films are discussed and analyzed in order to better describe the topic of gender roles in Morocco and Algeria.
Outline:
Introduction
Portrayal of the Gender Roles in Books
Common Threads of Gender Roles
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"There are deeper cultural clashes that are depicted in "Year of the Elephant", which is a collection of stories written and compiled by Leila Abouzeid. The "title story", if you will, shares the history of a woman who has been divorced and left with nothing to her name, essentially leaving her trapped within the confines of her village. She goes through a period of depression and recounts her life story, her involvement in the independence movement, her marriage to a young man who becomes seduced by materialism. Through all of these trials, she takes on the viewpoint that the colonization that held Morocco in a powerless position is not over, that it has simply been replaced by ambitious and greedy Moroccans wielding power over the disenfranchised--the poor and women. By presenting such a complex story, Abouzeid takes on several cultural issues- secular versus sacred, materialistic versus personal, the powerful overtaking the weak, and of course the classic struggle for the genders to attain equality and more specifically for women to achieve equal rights in a society that basically refuses to give them those rights."
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Substance Abuse Among Lesbians, 2007.
A discussion on substance abuse as it affects the lesbian community, to discover if lesbians are, in fact, prone to a higher rate of substance abuse.
2,606 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how substance abuse has touched every demographic of America. This paper further discusses the trends and issues regarding substance abuse affecting specifically the lesbian group. The paper provides an overview of alcohol abuse in lesbians, as well as the "coming out" factor of substance abuse in lesbians. The writer recommends additional research and appropriate support programs. The paper examines how policy changes can better protect the lesbian population from discrimination and the associated stressors.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Trends and Issues
Alcohol Abuse in Lesbians
'Coming Out' as a Factor in Substance Abuse
Treatment: A Call for Additional Research
Implications for Research, Support and Policy
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Research concerning substance abuse amongst lesbians often center on regional data. There are challenges that face substance abuse research when discussing the specific population of lesbians, however. The term 'lesbian' alone often causes confusion as it is somewhat ambiguous. In addition to this challenge, sexual orientation in research is self-reported, leading to errors, especially in subjects who may fear the stigma of being labeled as a lesbian."
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Male vs. Female Leadership, 2007.
This study investigates the goal-setting practices of male and female CEO's in an attempt to overcome common stereotypes about female leadership.
4,530 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
The researcher reviews two male and two female leaders in large global organizations. The researcher examines the long-term objectives, mission, values and beliefs of the organization in an attempt to discern whether female led organizations are more apt to adopt different long- term goals than male led organizations. The paper shows how males and females are likely to perform equally well when afforded the opportunity to take on advanced leadership roles within an organization. The paper stresses, however, that as long as stereotypes exist regarding women's ability to perform adequately within the organizational leadership role, women will continue to struggle to maintain egalitarian representation in the world of corporate society.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction/Background to Problem
Environmental Context of the Investigation
Conceptual Framework Framework/Espoused Leadership Model
Theoretical Foundation and Framework for Research
Literature Review
Summary of Literature
Research Questions and Hypothesis
Implications and Significance of Study
Methodology
Summary and Conclusions
Implications Suggestions for Future Research
From the Paper
"Studies suggest that roughly 79 percent of the female population and 82 percent of the male population believe that men and women manage differently and thus, contribute to the organization's bottom line in different ways (RBI, 2004). This assumes a potential difference in the ways male vs. female organizations lead, including their goal setting preferences. According to recent surveys of 1,000 employees RBI (2004) revealed that more and more women are also breaking into top organizational roles, and within these roles are more likely to be described as either "controlling, approachable or direct" (RBI, 2004)."
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Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling, 2007.
Questions what is stopping women from breaking through the corporate glass ceilings.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
Forty years ago women in "high places" virtually didn't exist. Women physicians and lawyers, for example, were so rare that finding one caused comment and sometimes consternation. That is no longer true, of course, and leaders agree that the glass ceiling is not as strong as it once was. This paper shows that women have entered all areas of business and make up 50% of management positions, yet few women are in positions of leadership. Naturally, everybody wonders why women, in spite of their struggles, don't seem to be reaching the top. Many people argue that discrimination is the cause of women's failure to break through the glass ceiling, but this paper argues that discrimination, although still present, is not the main source of the problem.
Paper Outline:
Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: What's Stopping Women?
What is the Glass Ceiling?
Communication Styles and the Glass Ceiling
Coping with the Glass Ceiling
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A good mentor helps to establish contacts, develops networking, uncovers job opportunities, gives appropriate guidance, and acts as cheerleader, coach, and critic, but allows autonomy and independence at the same time. In fact, it may be an advantage for a woman to have a male mentor. A man can give insight into how a man thinks and makes decisions. Not that women should think like men, but they do need to understand how men think in order to communicate with them better. A well-connected mentor is important for any rising executive. A mentor can explain the political structure and offer guidance for effective maneuvering."
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Same-sex Marriages, 2007.
A discussion on the legal acceptance of same-sex marriages.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of same-sex marriage. It continues to discuss the official laws of New York State vs. the "law of the people" relating to same-sex marriage. It explains that the law of the people does indeed exist and often supercedes the laws of a state or nation. It analyzes the bitter battle going on in the U.S. today regarding same-sex marriage and the law. The author concludes with a personal subjective opinion on the matter.
From the Paper
"In some cases, same-sex partners marry even if the law does not condone their union in their state. Recently, a Presbyterian minister faces a trial by her church because she officiated over same-sex unions. Historically, it has been religious organizations, particularly the Catholic Church, who have been so valiantly opposed to same-sex marriage. Another author notes, "The most outspoken and consistently negative response to proposals that the state recognize same-sex marriage has come from the Catholic Church" (Pope). However, the Catholic Church does not rule over all the people, and in general, society has become more accepting of gays in the past few decades. Thus, archaic laws may remain on the books, but the law of the people may swing to support gay marriage in the near future."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2007.
This paper examines the practice of female genital mutilation including its history and effects.
2,224 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that female genital mutilation (FGM), still common in parts of Africa, is condemned by most people as a serious violation of human rights and gender discrimination. The writer notes that some communities consider it a harmless cultural rite whose dangers are needlessly exaggerated by outsiders. This essay discusses the topic of FGM in detail by tracing its background and explaining different types of FGM. The writer looks at where and why it is currently practiced and discusses its physical and psychological effects. The writer also examines the alternate point of view that dismisses concerns about FGM as exaggerated and cultural arrogance.
Outline:
Background
Origin
FGM during Prophet Muhammad's lifetime
FGM in the West
Current Prevalence
Numbers
Countries where FGM is practiced
Types of FGM
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Physical Effects of FGM
Pain, infection
Genealogical Problems
Reduced sexual enjoyment
Psychological Effects of FGM
Negative effects
Positive effects
Why is FGM Performed?
Tradition & Gender Identity
Psychosexual Reason
Hygiene and Aesthetics
Religious Reasons
The Alternative View about FGM
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The psychological effects of FGM are much more difficult to investigate scientifically than its physical effects. The negative psychological effects could include feelings of trauma, anxiety, terror, humiliation, and betrayal that may lead to long-term behavioral characteristics such as docility, feelings of incompleteness, anxiety and depression. However, not all psychological effects of FGM are negative, particularly in places where the practice is part of the ancient culture of the people. In fact, in such societies, women who have not undergone the essential 'rite of initiation' may suffer from psychological problems due to fear of rejection by the society and feelings of inferiority. Those women who have undergone FGM experience feelings of empowerment and fulfillment."
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Walt Whitman, 2005.
A discussion regarding the work of Walt Whitman.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Walt Whitman's poetry containing ambiguous and bisexual references. The paper discusses how criticism of such references are silly and offensive in today's world. The paper further discusses how Whitman has virtually become a poster boy for the gay community because of his willingness to explore unconventional sexual identities and predilections.
From the Paper
"Whitman has nearly become a poster boy for the gay community because of his willingness to explore unconventional sexual identities and predilections. Not only in his poetry but in his personal life, Whitman did not avow heterosexuality as the only possible or acceptable means of love. His verse celebrates the essence of love and of human social contact. Whitman's views on friendship and romance were unrestrictive and the poet didn't buy into divisions based on gender, race, or class. Whitman was an abolitionist in pre-Civil War America, a labor advocate when the Industrial Revolution was just getting underway, and a proponent of the sexual revolution a century before it was acceptable, let alone "cool" to be gay."
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