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Civil Disobedience, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of civil disobedience.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the duty to obey the law has been so firmly ingrained in the societal conscious that anything against this automatically elicits a negative response; however, it is quite clear that duty to obey the law might not always be connected with one's moral duties in all areas. The author points out that philosopher W.D. Ross feels that the duty to obey the law is grounded in the concept of exchange of goods: If a citizen receives certain benefits, he or she should obey the law as a sign of gratitude. The paper concludes that disobedience of law is never desirable but there are times when this is the morally correct action since the claim that the law represents "the moral judgment of the majority and its sense of justice" is not always right. The paper includes some long quotations.
From the Paper
"The concept of fair play is undoubtedly interesting but lacks power to influence or convince us of its validity. If the only reason I should follow the law is so others can benefit, can we also argue that I am allowed to disobey the law if I know others would benefit. The exchange of benefits is the key in this argument. So if the means to achieve this end turns out to be different, do they have a solid argument against my actions? As mentioned in the case of signal violation- if I decided not to break the signal even if it results in the death of the sick woman, how is that benefiting the woman?"
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Computer Ethics in the Health Field, 2006.
A discussion regarding private health information and modern technology.
2,713 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews excerpts of a letter sent to Mike Leavitt, US Secretary of Health and Human Services, on behalf of organizations participating in the Consumer Coalition for Health Privacy. The letter concerns a lost, or perhaps stolen, laptop computer. The paper discusses compromised health information as a result of storing this information in an information technology medium. The paper goes on to discuss how problems are arising in the health industry as a result of information technology that may cause a breach in ethical protocols and undermine the confidence of patients in the health profession.
From the Paper
"In the same manner trust is structured in the form of policies, information assets - especially medical information - must be guided by policies that determine storage, archiving and access. Medical records in paper based forms are becoming extinct and being replace by digitally stored data. Further, some medical files and records are stored on cards with smart chips carried by patients on their persons that in the event of emergencies, health professionals attending to the ailing patient can easily load the smart card in a reading device and have instant access to the patient's medical history. The digitally stored medical information nowadays are also available online - a doctor in Cincinnati can access (provided authority is given that doctor) a patient's medical record in a database in Seattle or a hospital in Kansas can schedule a San Francisco patient for medical procedures once they get access from the patient's San Francisco medical records."
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Palliative Care, 2006.
A discussion regarding palliative care.
1,528 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at palliative care, the union of medical, spiritual, and cultural considerations into a holistic, compassionate approach geared toward reducing the severity of symptoms. According to the paper, palliative care focuses on comfort and pain management rather than on curative measures and emphasizes care for terminal patients and their families. The paper reviews the video 'On Our Own Term: Moyer on Dying', part of a series called "A Different Kind of Care".
Outline:
On Our Own Terms
Hospice and Palliative Care
Spirituality, an Aspect of Palliative Care
Reflection
From the Paper
"In most cases, death brings the terminally-ill patient toward spirituality; indeed, this is the essence of existence for the majority of people. Whether or not we have strayed from our religious backgrounds, most people when close to death seek to understand the big questions of life. As a nursing student from a Catholic university, I have studied a curriculum that encompasses many aspects of life, including spirituality. However, most student nurses at the developmental age of college students focus on careers and relationships which can distance them from spirituality, probably the most important issue for a terminally-ill patient. How can we, as nursing students, discuss spirituality with patients at the end of life when some of us are either too young for spiritual awareness or too old and cynical? More importantly, how can we use spirituality in our nursing practice if our training has concentrated on oxygenation, safety, nutrition, and other health issues?"
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'Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee', 2006.
A review of the book 'Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee', translated by Robert Van Gulik.
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the book 'Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee', translated from Chinese to English by Robert Van Gulik. The paper discusses Judge Dee's unquenchable thirst for finding the truth, when solving legal cases. The paper further discusses how the Judge Dee novels are grounded in large societal ethical hermeneutic of Confucian and Taoist morals, where finding the truth is a sacred duty of Judge Dee's office and great dishonor would fall upon the head of any judge who accidentally condemns an innocent man.
From the Paper
"There are some features of Dee's detection are similar to modern police work, and do not cause a non-Confucian reader to raise an eyebrow. Dee deploys psychological insight and observation to come to the root of a mystery, noting that, good Confucian he is, he has studied carefully the ancient handbooks of detection, which values the importance of knowing the character, daily life and habits of the victim and that personality supplies the clues to solve the crime. Know a person's ethics, and know the man or woman. Know the person's place in society, and know how they 'should' behave. Having an upright character is also an essential component to being a good, that is, an ethical Confucian, and defects in character must be scrutinized and used as clues, as they leave a person open to the danger of becoming a victim."
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Medical Care, Race and Class, 2006.
A discussion regarding the differences in the medical care given to the different races and classes.
1,196 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of medical care between ethnicities. Specifically, the paper compares and contrasts the differences in medical care between blacks and whites, and of different classes. The paper reports that studies indicate that there are distinct differences in how members of different races and classes are treated throughout the healthcare industry.
From the Paper
"This article concurs with other studies that indicate black patients receive less cardiac care than white patients with equal symptoms. Their study further indicates that this substandard treatment exists in all or most black patients, and not simply in patients with poor behavior or attitudes. It is well documented that black Americans have a larger overall distrust of the medical profession, and there is some speculation this attitude may influence a small percentage of healthcare professionals. However, most studies indicate that more black patients are less satisfied with their care. There is a direct link between patient satisfaction and how patients comply with and utilize health services. This study attempts to explain racial differences in satisfaction and treatment, for the first time. The authors describe the methods used, the concept of the study, and include tables with their findings, which include minorities say they are more comfortable with their own minority physicians."
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2007.
An analysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which targets white-collar business fraud.
1,841 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which states that all business corporations need to better supervise and control their employees, documents and information and sets severe measures for those who destroy documents or hide them from the public or the government's institutions. The paper looks at the criticism and dissatisfaction of businesses with this legislation but also examines the positive effects of the bill on white-collar crime and corporate behavior. The paper evaluates the economic impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Outline:
Abstract
Case Information
The SOX case of Richards vs Lexmark International Inc.
Literature on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Conclusions
From the Paper
"During the past few decades, the number of white-collar business fraud cases seemed to increase dramatically. Due to an immense interest and press investigations, these crimes were brought to the publics' attention, causing them to lose their confidence in the fairness of business actions. In July 2002, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael G. Oxley presented the American Senate with the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002."
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Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), 2006.
Discusses the writer's personal experience of being hit by someone who was driving while intoxicated (DWI).
869 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper reflects the author's personal experience of being hit by a drunk driver. According to the paper, no mercy needs to be shown to drunk drivers; the maximum allowable blood alcohol content (BAC) should only be 0.05%, and there should be a zero tolerance program for young men and teenage boy drivers caught driving while intoxicated.
From the Paper
"My truck wasn't drivable but the door worked. I got out and could hear the glass pop off my clothes and make weird sounds like Rick Krispies popping in a cereal bowl, and when I got to the Mercedes I could see these two guys, drenched in gin, beer, and glass. They were laughing. From ten feet away you could smell the alcohol. When I asked them if they were alright, they gave some quick answer and tried to get the car to move. It wouldn't. I asked them for their insurance and they rattled off some expletives and told me to go to hell and asked if I knew who their father was. However he was, he was going to be very angry when he saw that brown Mercedes, it was totaled."
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HIPAA and PACS, 2006.
A review of the relationship between HIPAA and PACS regarding the delivery of healthcare.
2,999 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the personal access communication system (PACS) and discusses how they relate to each other.
The paper presents a detailed examination of the HIPAA act and the PACS program to determine whether they collide or coincide with each other.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Hypothesis
Discussion Through Literature
Collide or Coincide
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first indicator that PACS dovetails with HIPAA is the need for passwords and various codes to get into the system and maneuver around its components. When PACS is first installed there is a training period in which those who will be working with the medical imaging department will be trained in how to use passwords and codes to open and enter the system. In addition, many hospitals and other medical facilities have opted to change and rotate passwords on a frequent basis thereby reducing even further the chance that the information contained within the storage area of the system will be accessible by a hacker. "
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Thomas Paine, 2007.
An analysis of the philosophies of Thomas Paine and what made them so successful in his time and today.
4,898 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the political, religious and social philosophies of Thomas Paine and describes the impact that they had on the world then and continue to have today. It discusses the role that he played in both the American and French revolutions, while simultaneously attempting to garner the budding revolutionary movements within England. The papers also looks at why his ideas were so successful.
From the Paper
"Paine's essays and speeches still hold their compelling power today. Much of the reason for this is that he was not a philosopher who attempted to build his theories of justice, morality, knowledge, and society from the ground-up; instead, he held several appealing principles, from which he was capable of deconstructing the morally reprehensible institutions around the world. These principles included equality, freedom, belief in God, charity towards others, and the gift of reason. Altogether, these were very attractive concepts in his time, and remain so to this day. For the most part, they are ideas so intuitively pure and beautiful, that they do not require rigorous philosophical investigation to believe that they should probably be sought after. So although David Hume may have been successful in debasing the belief that we can ever truly know what morality or justice are, Paine was able to indicate exactly what they should be. He was a great man not only for this, but for convincing millions of people that these values exist as something worthy to build society upon. Though they could potentially be logically invalid, it would be a mistake to fight for anything other than what Thomas Paine fought for."
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Workplace Privacy, 2007.
An analysis of the legal and ethical ramifications of employee testing and surveillance.
1,688 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses workplace privacy. It looks at the new and increasingly controversial ways in which employers can impinge upon an employee's privacy, such as drug testing, genetic testing and electronic surveillance. It then discusses, in detail, the legal and ethical ramifications of employers using these tools and how they can impact on the workplace.
From the Paper
"From the utilitarian standpoint, it is certainly imaginable that genetic testing, drug testing, and electronic surveillance might contribute to the overall good by increasing the output of various businesses. However, it is also imaginable that the negative aspects associated with these measures might detract from the total happiness of society: increased surveillance and the inability to use certain drugs might decrease employee contentedness; meanwhile, genetic testing might leave major subsets of society out of the economy and impoverished. Deontologically, people might take a stand for personal physical privacy as an innate moral good; yet, precisely what each deontologist might define privacy to be may vary. Consequently, some deontologists might think that workplace surveillance and drug tests are morally acceptable, while genetic tests are not. Others might organize their beliefs differently--all measures may be seen as morally unacceptable, for instance. Essentially, attesting to be either a utilitarian or a deontologist gives little indication of which way an individual might lean with respect to physical privacy in the workplace."
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Comatose Awareness, 2007.
This paper explores the state of comatose awareness.
3,115 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that cases like those of Terri Shiavo and Robert Kenneth Durksen put the moral quandaries regarding comatose victims to the forefront of the public's mind. The writer notes that only by fully understanding the condition, and answering questions such as whether or not there is awareness in comatose patients, can the public make informed decisions, when sensitive situations occur. This paper provides an overview of the comatose condition, followed by a review of literature regarding awareness in comatose patients. The writer then presents conclusions drawn from this information, in hopes of shedding further light on such a delicate topic.
Outline:
Introduction
Comatose Overview
Literature Review Regarding Comas and Coma Awareness
Analysis of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The medical term comatose is derived from the Greek word koma, meaning a deep sleep. A comatose patient is in a deep state of unconsciousness that is characterized by the loss of reactivity to external stimuli and absence of spontaneous nervous activity, and cannot be awakened. Coma victims have usually experienced injury or disease of the cerebrum."
"The origin of the injury affects the different patterns of coma. Losses of consciousness for short durations may be caused by concussions, whereas the lack of oxygen, or anoxia, may lead to a coma that lasts for several weeks or is fatal. Sudden loss of consciousness in some patients may be caused by a stroke, which is a rupture or blockage of the vessels that supply blood to the brain."
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Death with Dignity Act (DWDA), 2006.
This paper is a literature review of physician-assisted suicide and a policy analysis of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act (DWDA)
7,800 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that some of the issues regarding physician-assisted suicide are the evolution of rights, ethics and "the slippery slope" argument. The author points out that the issue of physician-assisted suicide has rapidly moved from being a secret, marginal matter to a real topic of discussion for most people in the United States. The paper contends that the issue of physician-assisted suicide is related to the availability of end-of-life palliative care.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
The Federal Government and States Treat Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Courts
Doctors Speak Their Mind on Physician-Assisted Suicide
Scope of the Problem
A Question of Healthcare
Do The Terminally Ill Really Want Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Breakdown of Policy
Legislative Counsel Committee of the Oregon Legislative Assembly
How the Act Was Brought Into Being
Subsequent Progression to Present Day
From the Paper
"In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that affected assisted suicide and made it illegal. They overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal striking down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, were found to violate the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court basically declared that no constitutional "right to die" existed, but individual states might enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide."
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Business Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of ethical principles within the business world.
1,206 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the business person must be clear about his ethical principle or philosophy on money matters and this should be the foundation of his business. The writer states that wants can be considered needs and a person can learn and grow up to pursue wants and desires and never get satisfied. The writer then points out that this tendency can dominate a person and spill over to his adult life or business. Further, the writer notes that the pursuit of material acquisition can become the essence of a person's ethical decisions in business. The writer discusses that a person in business may not have to choose between principle and profits by developing the proper perspective or viewpoint regarding money and therefore observe his ethical principle while making fair profits.
From the Paper
"Unprecedented major changes in society have been modifying the way people view the good life and among the forces shaping that view are globalization and the resulting cultural differences, new communication technologies rapidly transmitting information worldwide, the increasing gap between the rich and the poor, and the decreasing autonomy of national governments. More and more people expect business corporations to take the responsibility of addressing current social issues. Findings of studies revealed that there is a place for principles and profits and corporations have become more aware of their social responsibility. More and more businesses see that the key elements to competitiveness are employee productivity and innovation, when employees become most enthusiastic, productive and creative in evolving new ways of doing things. This requires an entirely new vision expressed in a mission statement, which details the values and principles to guide the organization."
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Donner Party, 2006.
A review of the Donner Party and how the Donner name became one of the most unfairly maligned family names in American history.
2,394 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Donner Party, one of the great survival stories in the expansive history of the American taming of the West. According to the paper, the Donner Party resorted to cannibalism as a means of survival. The paper discusses how research has shown that these stories of cannibalism, which have caused a painful black mark on the Donner family name, may be completely false as they pertain to the Donners themselves.
Outline:
Donner: The Name of Tragedy
A Media Firestorm Erupts
Cannibalism Accepted as Fact
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For a century and a half, the American public has essentially labeled the Donner Party, and, by extension the Donner family, as cannibals. The sensationalized media reports that first emerged after the rescue of the Donner Party became widely accepted with time, although they were based mostly on unreliable first-person reports and gossip (Donner cannibalism, 2006). In fact, Eliza Poor Donner Houghton, a member of the party, recalls how Donner Party members would read supposed first-person accounts in newspapers and become shocked with how remarkably accurate information was interspersed with wild fabrications and innuendo (Houghton, 1911). "
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What Constitutes Obscenity?, 2006.
A review of obscenity and what is considered by American society to be obscene.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Americans despise obscenity by and large, but have always had a problem with identifying just what was obscene and why. This study maintains that while popular and legal definitions may vary, some people may simply consider something obscene if it is forced upon them rather than when they purposely seek out such literary materials or artistic works for themselves for prurient or other reasons. A summary of the research and important findings is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Arbiters of Obscenity and Their Implications for Artists and the Media
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Kidd, there was essentially no due process provided the artist in this unfair association between him and denied Mapplethorpe his "day in court" in which he could voice his rebuttals; rather, the case was an example of an arbitrary - and some say capricious - decision by the Institute for Contemporary Art as to what they regarded as obscene, and they got paid handsomely for the privilege of designating Mapplethorpe's work as being obscene: "The key decisions that implicated the NEA in the funding of 'obscenity' were made not by the artist, and not even by the NEA, but by mediating arts organizations -- specifically, the Institute for Contemporary Art in Philadelphia, that used a $30,000 NEA grant to mount a retrospective of Mapplethorpe's photography" (Kidd, 2003, p. 6). By any measure, Mapplethorpe's works could be viewed as being inappropriate for certain age groups or others, depending on the unique individual factors involved, but the same issues that affected the Mapplethorpe outcome are at play in virtually every instance of the obscenity determination."
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The Death Penalty Appeals Process, 2006.
An analysis of the US Court of Appeals process in death sentencing appeal cases.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the death penalty appeals process. The paper discusses the arguments that exist both for against and the long process that characterizes court appeal of a sentence of the death penalty.
Outline:
Introduction
Critical Analysis of Death Penalty Appeals Process
Summary
From the Paper
"The appeals process as related to the appeal of being sentenced to death is a long procedure which takes many years to transverse through. The inherent problem exists in that the government is responsible for feeding, housing, clothing and providing medical care for the individual who is on death row waiting out the appeals process however, that problem is much easier overcome than other problems associated with the death penalty itself. One of these problems is illustrated in the failure of courts to focus attention upon evidence at the time it presented itself but have instead taken the lives of innocent individuals not guilty of the crimes for which they were sentenced to die and then finally put to death."
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Music Downloads, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical and legal implications of downloading music for free off the Internet.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three page paper presents a discussion about the downloading of music off of the Internet. The writer argues that it has a tremendous impact on society and the music industry by decreasing profits to the musicians and music centers. It discusses the ethical implications of downloading music for free and discusses laws that are necessary to prevent this.
From the Paper
"Why should artists continue to write new songs, perform on stage and put them to cd if they are not going to be paid for their efforts? Would you go to work if at the end of the week you didn't get a paycheck? Downloading music instead of paying for the cd or privilege will have long reaching affects on society. It will discourage artists from producing new material and it will teach future generations that stealing is okay as long as one doesn't get caught. Both of these options have negative impacts on society. "In a period of lackluster sales, illegal downloading isn't the only factor affecting the depressed music industry. Disgruntled consumers have contributed significantly to the decline in retail music sales. Retail music sales, valued at $12.5 billion in 2005, are predicted to fall to $10.5 billion by 2010, according to a recent Mintel report (Spotlight, 2006).""
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Business Ethics, 2007.
This paper explores business ethics in the context of the Enron scandal.
2,561 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Enron scandal from a mainly financial standpoint and deals with what the Arthur Anderson accounting firm did wrong and the consequences that came from their accounting errors. The paper looks at the concept of business ethics that is still unclear to many companies and employees and shows how companies must learn from the mistakes of Enron and have a sound policy in place. The paper also examines the responsibility businesses have for society and the lack of Enron's social responsibility.
From the Paper
"Business ethics do not require understanding from a managerial standpoint only. Employees should be aware of what business ethics really mean, and what the ethical rules of their company are. Most employees would agree that it is wrong to steal money from the company they work for. However, those same employees would think nothing of taking home a pen they stuck in their shirt pocket, or a notepad they took with them when they went out to talk to a client. While small items such as pens and notepads may seem very insignificant, even small items are part of the ethical dilemmas that face companies today."
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