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Airline Pricing, 2002.
Discusses the factors affecting an airlines decision regarding ticket pricing.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
Airline pricing is a complex, unpredictable process that is affected by many factors. Three of the major factors affecting this process are competition, demand and inventory. Airlines refer to it as "yield management" yet few offer an explanation for why a one-way flight costs as much as a round-trip ticket does. This essay describes the process of airline pricing and the factors that affect it, in an attempt to understand the logic behind major and discount airlines when creating their pricing structures.
From the Paper
"Demand is another factor that affects airline pricing. This factor explains why it is cheaper to fly on a weekday, at off-peak hours, or on days other than major holidays. Some flights are more popular than others, possibly due to the time or day or day of week. A red-eye flight is not as popular as a flight in the morning. And a flight on Tuesday is probably not as popular as a flight on Friday, unless it is around a major holiday. Regardless, airlines must operate these flights to maintain a regular schedule, so prices must be changed, flight by flight, to attract people to fill up the less popular flights and the more popular flights."
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Solid Fuel Rockets, 2002.
Discusses the potential for the space rocket industry to become commercialized.
2,376 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The space shuttle is the world's first reusable spacecraft. With today's technology, shuttles are capable of withstanding the vacuums of space, the difficulty of re-entry and cosmic and solar radiation. The paper shows that while some scientists believe the space industry will never become commercialized due to the shuttle's outdated complexities, shuttles of today may commercialize the space industry with an old rocket technology that has not been fully realized. Solid rocket engines, an old, yet reliable, space technology, are safe, low cost, provide a high thrust and may be the key to space industry commercialization.
From the Paper
"Solid fuel rocket engines are an old technology. While they have changed since their inventions of early China, their simple and non-complicated design remains in tact. It is due to that design that the engines and rockets have remained stable throughout centuries. They are safe, encompassing easy to handle materials, and allowing for long-term storage. They are reliable, consisting of non-machine related parts to limit the possibilities of mechanical failure. They are cost effective, due to their reusability as well as their materials, made from low cost resources."
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A Century of Aviation, 2002.
A look at the positive and negative effects that aviation has had on the world since its discovery 100 years ago.
1,712 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Little did the Wright brothers know when they successfully tested their flying machine at Kitty Hawk, on December 17, 1903, what an influential industry they were launching. The paper shows that since then aviation has changed enormously, with airports like Chicago O'Hare facilitating some 383,362 landing and take-off cycles each year. It examines how the aerospace industry is becoming America's leading industrial employer with some 1,484,000 employees and sales of $27 billion. The paper shows however that the evolution and growth of aviation has not been an entirely positive experience. This paper examines the effects - good and bad - that aviation has had on the economy, on society, on the environment and on military power.
From the Paper
"Surely the most negative aviation-related event that has happened - and has had a tremendously harmful and lingering effect on the U.S. economy and on citizen morale - was the hijacking of jetliners by terrorists on September 11, 2001. On that day, America learned that large airplanes can quite easily be turned into missiles, and those missiles upon impact become potent bombs, to be used by our enemies against this nation. This is an issue that leaders must address, in terms of making airports truly secure and safe. Meanwhile, another kind of airport safety is in the news lately. A recent article in Time Magazine alludes not to hijacking, or of people in planes, but rather to "...the vastly greater numbers on the ground who are brutalized as the planes pass overhead."
Millions of people who live "...under the proliferating webs of flight path...are paying an unacceptable price in stress, lost sleep, impaired hearing, inability to concentrate, in their children's ability to learn and in the generally degraded quality of life that results when the mind is tormented by these intrusions," writes Time journalist Lance Morrow."
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Airline Management Organization, 2002.
This paper studies how a form of company management, a "mechanistic system", is applied to airline management.
729 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
A "mechanistic system" is characterized by specialized activities clearly separated from one another and performed by functional specialists. Employees are not expected to think in terms of overall system goals. The writer asserts that this system has had negative results in the airline field.
From the Paper
"This type of highly structured organization depends upon the coordination of these components through the organizational hierarchy: through common supervisors at higher levels in the organization. Communication is passed upward to the common superior who then passes it back down to the appropriate department. This results in an entrenched management system in which the supervisor or manager controls all aspects of personnel and operations. The chief objective in management becomes strengthening the degree of managerial control over the workforce. This was made possible by the subdivision of work into fragmented tasks and quantification of performance to achieve centralized control to enable line managers to coordinate the fragmented activities while decreasing the influence of individual workers over decisions that govern their work."
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United Airlines, 2002.
Examines the organizational culture of this American airline company.
628 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the unique corporate make-up of United Airlines, given that since 1994, employees gave up nearly five billion dollars in wages and other concessions in return for 55 percent of the company's shares. The paper looks at the mission statements put out by United Airlines and discusses ways that the company can succeed in being a profitable employee-run organization.
From the Paper
"In 1996, United became the first airline to acknowledge the stresses faced by travelers and affirm a commitment to improve air travel, according to its January 7, 2000 press release. Additionally, the release cited heavy investment in airport ground equipment and baggage handling improvements. Currently, United Airlines has been heavily publicizing its organization culture in what it calls "Our United Commitment". In an article in Airline Business ("Friendly Skies? Let's Get Honest", July 1997), Karen Walker wrote that due to the abysmal results of a passenger survey, United embarked on a $400 million, three year project that aims to lessen the gap between the promise of good service and the actual experience, concentrating on expanding executive lounges, improving on-time performance and using new airport technology."
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Airline Deregulation, 2002.
This paper looks at the history of government involvement in the airline industry, noting that even with deregulation, the government still maintains significant regulatory authority.
2,637 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The writer takes an historical look at the way in which the government has eased its hold on the airline industry. The paper shows how this form of deregulation has led the airline industry, which employs nearly two million people, to be overwhelmed with competition and the lowering of prices.
From the Paper
"Economic deregulation has been described as "... the state's withdrawal of its legal powers to direct the economic conduct (pricing, entry and exit) of non-governmental bodies." (Winston, 1993, quoting Stigler). Regulatory reform has become a significant trend in economic policy since the 1970s. The airline industry stands out as a significant example of this trend: formerly almost completely regulated, it has been and continues to go through a process of deregulation and review pending possible re-regulation at both the national and international level."
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Precision Guided Munitions, 2002.
An introduction to the development and use of precision guided munitions.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses precision guided munitions, weapons designed to be directed against a single target which rely on external guidance or its own guidance system. It examines how these weapons, which can be launched from aircraft, submarines, ships and land vehicles, or by individual soldiers on the ground, represents the principle of the low-cost threat that forces a high-cost and difficult defence. It looks at the their growth and development since World War I along with their definite effect upon modern military affairs. It looks at the use of mines and cruise missles and future technological advancements such as hypersonic missile concepts that strike long distance targets at high speeds.
From the Paper
"Although, precision has been recognized as one of the important feature of weapon development as noted by military theorist, historian and strategist Major General J.F.C. Fuller, who considered it as 'accuracy of aim' and as one of the five familiar attributes of weaponry, collectively with range of volume of fire, striking power, action and portability. Here, it is important to note that the modern precision weapon bring together the traits of accuracy, portability, striking power and range making the combination of a powerful force multiplier in nowadays' military scene."
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Challenges to Travel Security, 2002.
A discussion of the challenges to travel security in light of terrorist attacks.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how both Congress and interest groups are constantly looking in to new ways to ensure the safety of passengers in the various modes of travel currently available since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It looks at how Congress and the President have created the Transportation Security Administration and passed new laws in an effort to protect American travelers and how the courts are starting to become active in travel security by awarding large settlements to victims of hotels that don't provide adequate protection. It examines such issues as Congress and air-travel, lapses in security, transport on buses, trains and boats and issues regarding travelling with children and evaluates the air travel security law which addresses having additional air marshals on flights and replacing security screeners with a federal agency, but requires airports to install full explosive detection systems by the end of 2002.
From the Paper
In response to the Congressional mandate of strengthening aviation security, President Bush appointed John W. Magow to the newly created Transportation Security Administration (Nakashima A07). Magow "a former director of the Secret Service and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (Nakashima A07)" was working with the Federal Emergency Management Agency as the executive director of the Office of National Preparedness (Nakashima A07). Magow, whose new title is undersecretary of transportation for security, was appointed with little opposition. He is now responsible for all civil aviation security functions as mandated by Congress."
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ALPA and The Airlines, 2002.
A study of the Airline Pilots Association (ALPA) stranglehold on the American Airline industry.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the control the airline pilots union has over the airline industry. The paper discusses the purpose of ALPA and its members. It explores the efforts made by Delta CEO, Leo Mullins and American Airlines CEO, Donald Carty to persuade the government to reform the Railway Labor Act. The paper explores the possible future of the ALPA and the airline industry. The paper uncovers several reasons why ALPA has such a stranglehold on the airline industry including; federal labor laws, a shortage of qualified pilots, regulations that govern the hiring and firing of pilots and the threat of loss of seniority that pilots face.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Description and Purpose of ALPA
The Reasons for the Stranglehold
The Railway Labor Act
The Future of ALPA
The Future of the Airline Industry
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In recent years the amount of power that the ALPA has over the airlines has come into question. There are several reasons why this stranglehold exists including; federal labor laws, a shortage of qualified pilots, regulations that govern the hiring and firing of pilots and the threat of loss of seniority that pilots face. The following paragraphs why these factors contribute to the stranglehold that the Airline Pilot Association has on the airline industry."
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Aviation Business Ethics and September 11 Industry Implications, 2002.
A discussion about the increased pressure on the aviation industry to develop and implement higher ethical standards since the September 11 tragedies.
4,070 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the subject of business ethics in the field of aviation, as well as emphasizes the effects of September 11 on the aviation industry. Through discussing the responsibilities each part of the aviation industry has toward air travel, this paper provides a clear analysis of why enhanced business ethics concerning safety and security are of utmost importance. The paper compares security features before September 11 with those after the tragedy, in an effort to determine how they have improved and what they are still lacking. In addition, it discusses the rights of aviation employees, shareholders and passengers to determine which security and business procedures are safe and which are invasive.
From the Paper
"Prior to Sept. 11, the Air Transport Association, a representative for major airlines, and the Regional Airline Association, a trade group for smaller carriers, published the main security guide for airlines. This Checkpoint Operations Guide was designed to implement Federal Aviation Administration security regulations.
However, prohibiting box cutters on airplanes was an industry requirement, not a government one. The FAA actually allowed airline passengers to carry blades less than four inches long before Sept. 11.
However, airlines often did not invest the time or money before Sept. 11 to check passengers completely. In addition, according to Rep. John Mica, chairman of the House Transportation subcommittee on aviation, the FAA did have strict guidelines for screening standards in place (Salant). This combination was a recipe for disaster."
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Laker Airways, 2002.
A paper which traces the rise and fall of fledgling British airline company, Laker Airways.
1,176 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that as the early boom of commercial air travel peaked in the late sixties and early seventies, the cost levied by the most popular and powerful airlines had virtually no standard of limitation. There was little competition in Great Britain for economic command of the air industry and the British Parliament's cozy relationship with British Airways ensured a monopolistic situation in which the consumer was not offered the advantages of a competitive market. The paper explains how this changed for a brief period in 1971 when Freddie Laker, former managing director of British United Airways, unveiled some of the groundbreaking features of his new Laker Airways. The paper discusses Laker's struggle in creating a Skytrain and the methods used by British airline in their attempts to prevent his airline dream of becoming a reality.
ITconcludes with the eventual folding of Laker Airlines in 1982 after it failed to break into the European market.
From the Paper
"His vision was of a steady service from London to New York with no advanced booking and no frills called Skytrain. The idea was to establish a first-come first-served day-of-departure system. For many years, Laker's innovations stalled in the courts, where the major airlines, who stood to lose the most form Laker's savvy, philanthropic business measures, wrangled to keep the Skytrain dream from lifting off the ground. The cut-rate fares and option laden flight packages that Laker Airways had spearheaded reflected rather poorly on the common practices of other, more bureaucratic and heretofore lucrative air companies. To avoid the exploitation of their flaws as consumer servicemen, as well as to stifle the rise of an able usurper in Freddie Laker, the major airlines united to throw one legal roadblock after another into the pathway of Skytrain and a proliferation of flyers' rights."
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Continental Bankruptcy, 2002.
An analysis of the Continental Airlines bankruptcy.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth analysis of the bankruptcy of Continental Airlines in 1990. It provides at least both long-term and short-terms analysis of the bankruptcy, relying for the former on an analysis of the state of the American airlines industry in 1990 and for the short term specific economic information relevant to Continental at the time. The author discusses what caused the bankruptcy and whether it could have been foreseen.
From the Paper
"The major overall economic element affected the entire American transportation industry in 1990 (this included not simply the airlines industry) was the issue of deregulation. For many years, the transportation system of the United States existed within an economic system of a high degree of regulation. That this should have been so should not surprise us if we look only at the legal and not the economic context of the transportation system.
The transportation network of the United States has been, since 1789, subject to a high degree of management by the federal government for the simple reason that this is one of the primary functions of the federal government - to oversee those activities that cross state borders."
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Employee Stock Ownership after 9/11, 2002.
This paper examines the effects of the September 11th terrorist attack on employees' employee stock ownership plans in the airlines industry.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper explains what an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) is and describes how September 11th had a dramatic effect on America's airline industry which in turn had a negative impact on the ESOPs for most airline employees. Further, the paper examines three different airlines and concludes that Airline industry ESOPs tend to be very volatile.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Main Body
Discussion
Results
Conclusions
Recommendations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"In the United States, the main vehicle for employee ownership in a company is the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) that first became a recognized plan in 1974. There are between 17 and 20 million U. S. employees participating in large ESOPs or other contribution plans holding stock. Employees may own stock directly in their companies through stock purchase programs or be members of work cooperatives."
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ATC Free Flight Program, 2002.
A discussion about the updated ATC Free Flight Program.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the ATC updated program. The ATC free flight program is examined with respect to its history, changes and current status. The program is evaluated in terms of its advantages and disadvantages and a speculation of possible problems in the implementation of the program is given. Recent research on the subject is also cited.
From the Paper
"Currently there are tests going on all over the nation with the new ATC system for free flight. It is based on software programs that allow the pilot more input as to his or her route and takes a lot of the work and stress off of the air traffic controllers who use to have to coordinate every change and every flight ."
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Demographics of the Aerospace and Defense Industries, 2002.
A discussion of the challenges of staffing and funding facing these industries today.
640 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 22.95
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Abstract
The demographics of the national defense industry are discussed, including the size of the defense forces and their mission. The major factors facing the aerospace industry today, such as the lack of funds for research and development of new technologies and the loss of U.S. superiority in space, are outlined.
From the Paper
"In the area of national defense, there are two major demographic forces at work. A primary worry is the number of people serving in the armed services, and their missions. An armed service prepared mainly for peacekeeping missions is one very different from one prepared for combat, and today, most of our military force is primarily regarded as a peacekeeping force. Many also believe the military should somehow represent the demographics of our society, which is not always possible or necessary.
Adding to that stress is the notion of some that the U.S. military must replicate society, responding to a variety of domestic demographic and social issues. To presume that the military must replicate society is, we believe, another dangerous notion. While the military must represent society, it cannot replicate society without eroding the very basis of the military's purpose and cohesion (Sarkesian and Connor 435)."
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Research Proposal for Lufthansa Airlines, 2002.
A research proposal to analyze Lufthansa Airline's new service concept of extensive cost reductions by means of reducing services being provided to the travelers.
1,689 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study employee and customer's reaction to Lufthansa Airline's new service concept, based on its newly adopted cost reduction measures in order to remain competitive after the events of September 11 2001. This paper defines a problem statement and study design detailing such topics as the proposed literature review and the population, sample and sampling procedure.
From the Paper
"This study is of considerable significance for Lufthansa Airlines as it will help the organization redefine its business strategy in order to improve its corporate image and to compete effectively in existing tight market situations. The study will help the company in identifying the factors that directly affect customer's satisfaction and thus will facilitate in providing better quality service in future. As the current market conditions are not much favorable for the airline industry, especially in the US market, which itself is a major segment, airlines are required to keep an edge over their competitors. Therefore, it is necessary for Lufthansa to identify the reasons for dissatisfaction of customers as well as the crew members and to develop strategies to remove this discrepancy in its service. In this way it will successfully maintain its image, which it has developed over years and will ensure its long term success and profitability."
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The Crash of Arrow Airs DC-8 Flight December 12, 1985, 2002.
This paper investigates the cause of the crash of an American military plane in Ganders, Newfoundland in 1985.
1,835 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination and analysis of the facts presented by both the American and Canadian investigators regarding the crash of the Arrow Airs DC-8 in December 1985. The paper begins with a recap of the crash and the possible causes that were put forth by both countries which have held to their position that it was caused by ice on the wings of the plane. The author presents evidence that this crash was caused by an explosive device, planted by terrorists and goes into great detail as to the why this theory has been so carefully guarded by both governments. This paper raises several issues about the circumstances surrounding the crash including speculation that this was a deliberate act of terrorism and presents different reports about the events leading up to the plane's departure from Egypt. It also discusses the findings of aeronautical engineers who investigated the findings at the crash site and presents testimony from the government hearings held in both Canada and the United States.
From the Paper
"The 101st division was one of four divisions that made up the Multinational Force and Observers. The purpose of MFO was to operate checkpoints and conduct reconnaissance patrols along the international boundary lines. Every six months the troops were rotated. This was a massive undertaking and involved the cooperation of the Egyptians to insure that the utmost security precautions were taken (Sandford pg). However, from the moment the troops from the 101st were to depart from the Sinai, a sequence of events occurred that were far from normal procedure. Ras Nasrani airport had always been used as the airport of departure for the troops. But at the last minute Army officials were notified that Ras Nastrani airport could not accommodate large planes due to construction being conducted on the main runway. Therefore, the troops were flown by Egypt Air Boeing 737s to the Cairo International Airport."
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Macroeconomics and Transportation Sector, 2002.
A study of transportation issues from a broader perspective, and the need to apply macroeconomic principles.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper studies current economic problems in the transportation sector and explains how levels of supply and demand affect the demand curve. It describes how macroeconomic theories aid in resolving industrial or national issues. The paper also examines the role of government in macroeconomic policies.
From the Paper
"Macroeconomics deals with economy on a larger scale and studies the principles of economics as they pertain to the whole industry and not just one firm. This helps in understanding national economic problems of inflation, unemployment, slow GDP growth, lower productivity etc. Therefore it is important to apply macroeconomics principles when we want to study and understand the problems being encountered by any economic system."
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