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Music Therapy, 2006.
An analysis of the use of music therapy in the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease/dementia.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease/dementia and it gets progressively worse as the patient continues to age. Despite the lack of a cure, however, there are some treatments that are just coming to light where Alzheimer's disease/dementia is concerned and many of these are alternative treatments, such as music therapy.This paper attempts to determine whether music therapy can improve the quality of life and cognitive function of patients that suffer from Alzheimer's disease/dementia and whether the medications that these individuals take affect this music therapy in any way.
Outline
Statement of the Problem
Research Question
Significance of the Research
Potential Contribution to the Discipline of Nursing
The Appropriateness of the Qualitative Research Approach
From the Paper
"Music therapy has been used in the past, largely on the elderly population, whether or not these individuals were suffering from Alzheimer's disease or any kind of dementia. A study that was conducted into this issue looked at the effect of calming music, the effect of hand massage, and the effect of both of these things together on a sample population of elderly nursing home residents (Remington, 2002). The results of the study indicated that nonphysical aggressiveness did decrease somewhat during and after the treatments, but that combining the music and the massage had no greater effect than simply using one or the other of the therapies (Remington, 2002). Other studies have also looked at the use of music to control fear, pain, nervousness, and other issues."
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The Elderly and Driver's Tests, 2006.
A look at the need to reassess policies regarding the vision of elderly drivers.
4,158 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
Due to the population change in the United States, or what is called the "graying of America," the next couple of decades will significantly increase the number of individuals over the age of 65 who are driving on the country's roadways. This paper examines how, because a variety of physical and psychological conditions that either become worse or arise after the age of 50, and because older individuals are involved with a greater number of motor vehicle accidents, it would seem practical that proactive measures be taken at this time. It suggests that special examinations be developed and administered prior to re-licensing that test for the conditions that are most prevalent with aging so that the safety of older individuals and others on the road will be protected.
Outline
Abstract
Historical Background
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Across the country, states are thus assessing the need for drivers tests for elderly. Pennsylvania law requires a doctor to report any condition that impairs a patient's ability to drive. Of 21,000 reports on questionable drivers filed with Pennsylvania officials in 2004, nearly 6,000 resulted in license suspensions, with 181 of the suspensions because of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease. In Canada, drivers over 80 are required to take medical examinations before renewing driver's licenses in British Columbia. Ontario drivers over 80 may have to take a road test every two years. Florida, the state with the largest percentage of seniors, issues licenses for six years, but drivers over 79 must pass a vision test. "
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Dementia, 2006.
An overview of the causes and treatment of different types of dementia.
1,717 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Dementia is a deficiency of mental ability acute enough to hinder with normal actions of daily living, which persists for more than six months, which is not present from birth and which is not connected with loss or modification of consciousness. This paper examines the causes, influences and treatment of dementia and looks at how taking care of people with dementia is a physically, mentally and emotionally strenuous task.
Outline
Introduction
Causes for Dementia
Dementia Related Behaviors
Dementia Influenced by Environment
Environment Modifications to Treat Dementia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The term Dementia is used for a range of states that include loss of mental ability and so is the reason for problems with memory, language, behavior and emotions. In the elderly people, Dementia is common. To some extent this affects people above the age of 65. Dementia is caused by problems in the manner in which the brain functions. The cause for Dementia is the non-functioning or dying of neurons. This often alters the levels of different neurotransmitters, which affect the function of the brain. Dementia is not a standard part of ageing. It is different from the slight poor memory that occurs in the elderly."
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?Grumpier Old Men? and Self-Care, 2006.
Applies a theory of self-care on the characters in this movie.
1,132 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of self-care for a movie family, as seen in "Grumpier Old Men" and applied to Dorothea Orem's self-care framework concept. The writer explores the movie characters and compares them against theory to explain what the characters do for their self initiated activities and care.
From the Paper
"The movie Grumpier Old Men is a perfect silver screen production for the purpose of analyzing the theory as it relates to family because the family includes young adults, middle aged adults and senior citizens. One of the theory's most fundamental concepts relates to self care and self initialized activities. The two main characters, Max and John are senior citizens who have been fighting with each other for more than three decades. In the movie, John is married and people in the family believe that Max is missing out by not being married too."
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Ethnic Diversity, 2003.
This paper examines the topic of immigration, while focusing primarily on the difficulties encountered by the elderly that immigrate to America.
706 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the important differences in social customs between former communist countries and the U.S., that impact on immigration as well as immigrants. The writer of this paper contends and explains that although many nationalities have established support systems already in place, many support networks geared towards elderly immigrants continue to remain weak. This paper discusses the many challenges faced by elderly immigrants to America. This paper shows why younger immigrants have a distinct advantage over their elderly counterparts, in terms of coping ability and a diminished need for a support system. In this regard, elderly immigrants from the formerly communist nations of Eastern Europe in general and the Czech Republic, in particular, are faced with various profound changes in their lives upon their arrival in America, which are discussed in this paper.
From the Paper
"While many nationalities have such established support systems already in place, many such immigrant support networks remain weak today. Furthermore, these elderly citizens will likely be accustomed to a level of respect and honor that may be missing from the cultural setting upon their arrival in the United States, further contributing to the potential for "culture shock." According to Haskins, culture shock is "a feeling of impotence that results from the inability to deal with the environment because of unfamiliarity with cognitive aspects and role-playing skills; we usually think of culture shock when we imagine immigrant groups visiting or moving to a new country." There are opportunities for culture shock across all measures for new immigrant, many of them unperceived and unexpected from the host nation's perspective."
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Educational Activities for the Elderly, 2006.
Questions whether educational activities lead to wellness in older adults in alternative care facilities.
6,028 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The United States is experiencing a fundamental shift in demographics as the percentage of elderly citizens continues to increase. More and more people will become residents of nursing homes, retirement communities, skilled nursing facilities and other alternative residential arrangements in the future. Much remains unclear about what the impact of this transition from a gainfully employed lifestyle to one without such outside activities might be on this segment of the population. To this end, this study seeks to determine the extent to which educational activities contribute to wellness in older adults in alternative care facilities such as nursing homes and retirement communities through a qualitative review of the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature.
Paper Outline:
Description of Study
Purpose and Potential Benefits
Background and Overview
Nursing Homes, Retirement Communities and Quality of Care Issues
Effectiveness of Educational Activities on Wellness
Peer Counseling
Volunteer Training and Other Senior Roles
Distance Learning Applications in Nursing Homes and Other Assisted Living Facilities
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Peer counseling training is an important service that seniors can provide. For example, a newsletter from a long-term care facility posted in settings where senior citizens gather or reside, explaining various volunteer activities (such as entertaining, office work, transportation aide, cafeteria attendants, activity assistants, workshop assistants, boutique salespeople, gardeners, and friendly visitors) would be a useful method of recruiting volunteers (Ebersole & Hess 727). A number of such alternative care facilities have already implemented peer counseling training programs in which volunteers learn interviewing skills and develop their ability to deal with patients who are lonely, depressed, or dying."
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Medical Geriatric Case Study, 2006.
This paper is a medical case of a 66 year old male, referred for home care evaluation due to poly-pharmacy and multiple medical conditions with poor control.
3,965 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper indicates that the patient's past medical history includes poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and hypertension and significant obesity; however, at the home visit, he was in no apparent distress. The author points out that the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) is a method of providing a thorough family assessment in a healthcare setting, utilizing three major categories: 1) The structural dimension of family life, 2) the developmental dimension of the family life and 3) the functional dimension of the family life. The paper concludes that, on the surface, it would seem that all the pathology in this family lies solely in the range of the patient's medical problems; however, the Calgary Assessment Model indicates that many of the issues surrounding his poor diabetic control, weight gain and high blood pressure were related to family dynamics and lack of education surrounding disease state and disease management.
Table of Contents
Presenting Problem
Past Medical History
Past Surgical History
Review of Systems
Current Medications
Social History
Objective Data
HEENT
CV
Neuro
GU/Rectal
Mental Status Exam
Assessment
Plan
Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM)
Calgary Family Intervention Model
Problem List and Discussion
Relative Lack of Knowledge of Diabetes
Relative Lack of Knowledge of Hypertension
Relative Social Isolation
Critique of the Calgary Assessment Model
From the Paper
"Home visit was accomplished on 2 April 2005. The visit was accomplished in the midmorning and present at the visit were the patient, Mr. Schelley, his wife of 40 years, Mrs. Annette Schelley, and their 38 year old son, Thomas, who lives in the household with Mr. and Mrs. Schelley. The family lives in a 1200 square foot ranch house in a middle class neighborhood. It is a two bedroom, one bathroom house purchased by the Schelley's five years ago when Mr. Schelley took early retirement from a local manufacturing plant. Thomas returned home about a year ago after separating from his wife. He is currently unemployed and living in the extra bedroom. His presence in the house is a source of significant stress and the cause of many arguments between Mr. and Mrs. Schelley. This write-up was done from information obtained over the course of two home visits.."
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Aging in America, 2005.
This paper discusses the American cultural bias that favors youth and denigrates aging.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in America, old age is not generally perceived as a proud accomplishment; the accumulated wisdom of older people is not respected but more often dismissed as being out of touch with modern ideas. The author points out that society euphemistically labels a retiree as a "senior citizen", but this seniority differs from that of a younger worker's honored position; it heralds a time of diminished income and productivity rather than progress. The paper emphasizes that, in defending the right to die with dignity, death is not the worst that can happen in this life, but rather life without dignity or sensitivity is the greatest threat society faces.
From the Paper
"We are embarrassed by the idea of the elderly being sexy or provocative. Many react with amusement or disapproval when the elderly are open about being sexually active; the elderly man who retains his sexual interest earns the label of "dirty old man." We never hear about dirty young men because they are granted tacit social approval to be sexual. Elderly women are generally seen to have even less sexual appeal than elderly men."
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Cardiovascular Disease, 2006.
A thorough discussion of coronary heart disease risk factors among the elderly.
3,790 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that hypertension, high levels of cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), smoking and lack of physical activity are the four identifiable and modifiable risk factors associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and that these factors are especially high contributors to coronary artery disease in the elderly. The paper also examines the factors that make the elderly especially at risk for heart disease and discusses the prevention and treatment of the disease as well.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Focus and Intent
Critical Discussion
From the Paper
"The elderly, those 65 years of age and older, are the fastest growing age group in the United States. "Individuals join the ranks of the elderly population at the rate of approximately 1,000 per day, and that number is likely to increase because the average life expectancy for persons reaching age 65 years is now an additional 15 years." In 1991, There were 30 million persons aged 65 years or greater in the United States, in 1991 and this figure is expected to increase to almost 50 million by the year 2020, approximately 20% of the population."
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Siblings, 2006.
A research-based analysis of the relationships between siblings.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper presents research on sibling care-giving to ailing parents. The paper gives voice to the experiences of both primary and secondary sibling caregivers. The author conducted focus group discussions on inequity in the sibling caregiver relationship, which indicated that the siblings who provide less care are highly sensitized to imbalanced care giving relationships. The author theorizes that siblings who provide less actual care try to redress inequitable care giving by using cognitive strategies to justify their under involvement, whereas those who provide more care use both behavioral and cognitive strategies to redress such inequities. This paper is intended to serve as a first step in identifying some of the rationalizations used by secondary as well as primary caregivers. The paper provides the author's own research, as well as a review of the field's literature. The paper analyzes the findings of her focus groups and then offers suggestions to bring equity into the sibling care giving relationship.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Distress is Observed As A Result of Inequity
Efforts Are Made To Restore Equity As A Result of Distress
Forging Actual Equity
Forging Psychological Equity
Methodology
Sample
Analysis
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Siblings may move apart both geographically and emotionally during their young adult years. However, the illness of an aging parent can signal a new phase in the relationships among adult siblings who must confront the issue of providing parent care (Connidis, 2001). Unfortunately, many siblings do not assume a fair share of the care giving tasks, and instead, one sibling typically provides more care than the others (Cicirelli, 1992; Suitor & Pillemer, 1996). More-involved siblings may experience frustration and anger toward those who are less involved in care giving (Strawbridge & Wallhagen, 1991), whereas the less-involved siblings may feel guilty about not assuming their fair share of responsibility (Brody, 1990). Both those who are more involved and those who are less involved may feel distressed and take steps to change the situation. In this paper, we examine inequalities in parent care responsibilities and illuminate ways in which siblings seek to redress this imbalance."
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Dementia in Senior Citizens, 2006.
An overview of the debilitating illness known as dementia, its symptoms, diagnosis and different types.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper describes what happens to a patient suffering from dementia, including the physiological changes that occur to the brain as well as the symptoms and behavior commonly displayed by patients suffering from dementia. The paper also describes how dementia is presently diagnosed, the importance of obtaining an accurate diagnosis of the disease so as to differentiate it from other treatable illnesses and the different types of dementia.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Diagnosis
Types of Dementia
The Impact of Dementia
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dementia refers to a trouncing of cognitive task due to changes in the brain caused by infection or pain. The changes might take place steadily or rapidly; moreover how they crop up might resolve whether dementia is reversible or irrevocable. Dementia is a type of common intellectual injury observed in aged people. More or less 10 percent of all people more than 65 years of age have clinically essential intellectual injury. Even though about 20 percent of these cases may be due to treatable causes such as toxic drug reactions, nearly all cases are what is identified as Alzheimer's ailment. It starts with fading concentration and reminiscence, loss of numerical capability, tetchiness and failure of sense of humor, and deprived orientation in space and time. Alzheimer's infection is persistently progressive and leads to fatality in 5 to 15 years. Studies of the brains of persons who have died of Alzheimer's illness illustrate typical warped fibers, known as neurofibrillary tangles, in definite areas of the brain, and cores of abnormal protein, called neurotic plaques, interspersed between nerve cells. No treatment is identified for dementia. A structure of this ailment strikes younger persons, in whom it is recognized as dementia.( Andrews and Roy, 2003)"
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Aging, 2005.
This paper discusses the phenomena of aging especially its commercialization.
2,765 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as the graying of America grows, so does the industry aimed directly at keeping these older people at least looking young. The author discusses the "beauty" companies including the men's anti-aging business, dentists, plastic surgeons, hundreds of books of healthy eating and vitamin supplements. The paper relates that a major fear of getting older is the loss of one's mental capacity because, with the discovery of Alzheimer's disease, the journals and newspapers constantly remind aging readers about the dire effects of losing one's mental and physical capacities and ending up a near-vegetable, subject to the care of family or long-term facilities.
From the Paper
"Want to live longer and be in better physical condition? Now there are books out suggesting hypnosis, both self-hypnosis and going to so-called professionals. The idea is to learn to relax, to literally "think" unpleasant thoughts, such as aging and looking it, out of your mind. Obviously, there are those who believe self-hypnosis can work. "As you relax more and more...the relaxation causes all the muscles and nerves in the affected area to become completely relaxed...your body feels....completely free from discomfort." (Goldberg, p. 184) One can shrug one's shoulders and say, "whatever works for you." Unfortunately, no matter how long one lives, aging will occur, in some people sooner, in others, thanks to medications and surgeries and more attention to diets, longer."
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Influences on Food Choices of the Elderly in the UK, 2006.
A study and explanation of what influences the choices of food for the elderly in the UK.
1,839 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article the author highlights the factors that affect the choices made by people , mainly older, who have less and less leisure time on their hands. He admonishes how they choose convenience foods over healthier alternatives. The paper concludes that producers and regulators should be better educated and informed about the nature of consumers' food choice processes in order that costly errors can be reduced.
From the Paper
"A supposed need arises when there is incongruity between a desired state and an actual state. Some might call this hunger, but hunger is not the only need that food satisfies and depleted food reserves in the body is not the only way in which the desired and actual state may diverge. Dissatisfaction with an existing product, resulting from a gap between expectations and reality, may cause a gap between the actual and desired state."
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Adult Development Case Study Analysis, 2006.
This two part in-depth report details the expected challenges and opportunities of growing old, as well as psychiatric and cognitive illnesses in the elderly.
6,005 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This detailed paper focuses on the elderly population which is currently the most rapidly growing sector in the U.S. The writer of this paper examines and details the emotional growth and the adaptation to normal bodily changes that occur in successful aging. This paper also centers on the psychiatric and cognitive illnesses in the elderly population. This paper contains a description of 10 case studies.
Topics covered in this report include:
Psychological Growth
Importance of Relationships
Sexuality in Later Life
Cognitive Changes
Memory Types
Case Studies
Adult Socialization
Peck's Theory: Three Tasks of Ego Integrity
Labouvie-Vief's Theory: Emotional Expertise
Reminiscence and Life Review
Elder Suicide
The Social Contexts of Aging
From the Paper
"Researchers who followed subjects from adolescence to old age in a large-scale qualitative study of adult development discovered valuable information about relationships and aging. Positive relationships at any age of the person's life were found to correlate to satisfaction in old age. A satisfying marriage at age 50 predicted positive aging at 80. Contentment in later life was the outcome for subjects who had the ability to express gratitude and forgiveness in relationships. Overall, researchers determined that loving relationships promote personal growth and emotional healing."
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Healthcare for the Elderly, 2006.
This paper takes a close look at the United States healthcare system and what the author believes are innovative ways to address the rise in elderly care.
2,922 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The author discusses the affects of elderly care on rising healthcare costs, lack of sufficient retirement benefits, problems with prescription drugs and elder abuse within nursing homes. The paper also details ways in which the writer believes these issues can be combated.
From the Paper
"The strain on Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security adds up to an increasing deficit. What will happen when the baby boomers reach retirement age? The government needs to look at the big picture and make long-term changes. Benefits will have to decrease or taxes will increase. Medicare should be focused more on the poor elderly otherwise the younger generations will be paying out large amounts in taxes to support some that don't really need it."
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Euthanasia, 2006.
An examination of legal, moral and medical issues involved in euthanasia.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issue of euthanasia. The author begins by discussing Dr. Jack Kevorkian and his court room trials for assisted suicide and then briefly looks at U.S. state law regarding euthanasia. The author also provides a comparison between passive and active euthanasia and reviews some of the many myths about euthanasia. It concludes with a study of the varying reasons people oppose euthanasia, including the author's personal feelings on the subject.
From the Paper
"The people who are against euthanasia give several reasons for their belief. They believe that family members will talk their elderly relatives into euthanasia, so they can have their inheritance. Or they will withdraw food and drink per relative request. Or it will eventually turn into a situation where doctors and such can decide when it is time for a person to die. Even if the request is genuine, they believe that counseling will help. There is no difference between a well person wanting to die, then a sick. The only thing is one has a mental illness, and the other has a physical ailment. They are not saying that doctors should try everything in the world to keep a person a live. They believe that is inhumane. What they are saying is don't help a person die (Johansen, 1-3)."
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Health vs. Wealth, 2006.
This paper explores the ongoing battles between the health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and the traditional hospitals.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper details the current crisis concerning health care and health costs as well as public and government concern regarding health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and "regular" hospitals. The writer of this paper delves into the escalating cost of health care due to advancing technology and pharmaceutical research. This paper also discusses the services and care offered by both health institutions.
Topics covered in this paper include:
Cost of Care
Technology as a Cost-Increasing Factor
Costs of Maintaining a Traditional Hospital
HMOs as Profit Centers
Care
Traditional Hospital Care
Conclusion
Works Referenced
From the Paper
"America's population is aging. We live longer, but therefore we require more hospital stays or medication than generations before us. The largest insurer of the aging is the government, through Medicare and Medicaid. Knowing the shortfall of income for future Medicare recipients, the government has been reducing, even curtailing some of the items, drugs, and illnesses for which it will pay the entire cost. Without such reimbursement, the for-profit HMOs are reducing the list of their clientele."
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Osteoporosis, 2006.
An overview of the bone disease, osteoporosis and its effects on the elderly.
2,573 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of osteoporosis as well as its life style and emotional effects on the elderly population.
Outline
History
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Epidemiology of Fractures
Treatment
Lifestyle Effects on the Elderly
From the Paper
"Primary osteoporosis in older adults is referred to as involutional osteoporosis, and Khosla, Riggs and Melton identify two types of osteoporosis in this category. Type one is postmenopausal osteoporosis, and it is primarily found in women 15 to 20 years after they have gone through menopause. Estrogen deficiency is fingered as the triggering mechanism, but since the majority of post-menopausal women don't actually develop osteoporosis, there have to be other factors present as well."
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