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Racial Profiling, 2007.
This paper examines the problem of racial profiling in the United States and Canada.
1,217 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that courts give the police discretion in who they stop during traffic stops, but statistics prove that more African-Americans are stopped than whites. The paper reveals that many African-Americans are frisked, their vehicles are taken apart and they either get a ticket or go to jail for some bogus reason. The paper points out the opinion that racial profiling is not a problem, but disagrees and argues that changes must be made to stop this racial profiling.
From the Paper
"Imagine a young African American driving A Ford Explorer to an interview when he is pulled over by the Georgia State Patrol. The young man was driving five miles over the speed limit or less. The police officer asks for back up though he does not appear to have a valid reason for back up. The two officers take apart the Ford Explorer looking for drugs (Callahan and Anderson 2001). Would this same scene have happened with a white male? It is important to look at the definition of racial profiling, how the courts give police officers the discretion to stop African Americans and how the problem of racial profiling should be stopped."
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Measuring Crime Rates, 2007.
This paper attempts to identify appropriate methodologies for exploring crime rates.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theory that the increase in crime rates have led to a need to respond to reported instances of crime, thus requiring increased action on the part of local police, fire and civil service departments. The paper explains that this correlation has been used to justify requisitioning a larger budget for law enforcement. The paper provides a hypothetical research methodology to identify any actual correspondence between these two variables.
Outline:
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Study Design and Execution
Expected Outcome and Limitations on Methodology
From the Paper
"The research design used to test this potential correlation is quantifiable and seeks to isolate units of measurement between two specific trends (Creswell 17). The first of these trends is an increase in crime statistics. The second is an increase in overtime pay for law enforcement officials. The scope of the research spans from the time when crime rates began to rise, which has been set at seventeen years ago to create an appropriate margin of error. Historical data for crime rates prior to this time period are also known and can be used to create a historical profile of the norms for both crime rates and overtime pay."
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Domestic Violence, 2007.
A case study on domestic violence.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly looks at some of the statistics concerning domestic violence and then presents a brief case profile of an abuse victim, followed by a recommended treatment and safety plan her.
Outline:
Case Presentation
Treatment Plan
Safety Plan
From the Paper
"One of the issues facing this counselor is that Ms. X still considers her abuser her boyfriend and is ambivalent about breaking up with him, stating that she loves him and knows deep down that he really loves her, that he always apologizes after he beats her and that she knows she can change him. As this is a classic scenario of most victims of domestic violence, it is hoped that after spending several days at the safe house, which Ms. X stated she would do until she was able to return to work when her wounds healed sufficiently, that she will realize her life is really in danger should she allow the abusive relationship to continue. "
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Modern Police Organizations, 2007.
An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of modern police organizations.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the effectiveness of modern police organizations in the United States. It discusses improved minority and female representation within departments and the advantages that this has brought. It also describes the role of improved technology in law enforcement. The paper then describes the effects of weaknesses such as corruption and misconduct, how it affects police departments and what can be done to prevent corruption.
From the Paper
"This subculture is understandable to a certain extent, but misconduct cannot be tolerated. Law enforcers cannot be permitted to break the law in order to enforce it. Tyranny awaits us all down that road. The troubling problem of police misconduct and corruption will never be completely solved, just as the police will never be able to solve crime problems in our society. One important step in the right direction, however, is more effective monitoring and control of the police by municipal governments. This will serve to reduce and deter police misconduct and corruption by minimizing the influence of the police subculture."
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Female Criminals, 2007.
This paper explores why women commit crime in the United States.
2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how women refrain from some acts because of a fear about the physical violence involved and engage in other acts because their living conditions leave them with no alternative. The paper explains that female criminal activity is not motivated by a desire for status or for "fun" because they have not bound up their personal self-identification with whatever power or riches attend such behavior. The paper concludes that, at the risk of over-generalization, women commit crimes because they have to while many males commit crimes because they feel they can.
From the Paper
"To begin with, there is evidence that women are driven to crime primarily out of desperation or fear. In a recent scholarly study, Anne Campbell, Steven Muncer and Daniel Bibel conclude that "resource scarcity" propels women towards the commission of property offenses (chiefly stealing) and also towards the commission of violent crimes. To put the matter another way, property offenses committed by women reflect an effort to provide for themselves in the absence of a "provisioning" male; furthermore, violence by women (at least against other women) is rooted chiefly in competition for desirable men."
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The Death Penalty Debate, 2007.
A look at the controversial issue of capital punishment in the United States.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the complex ethical, judicial, social, economic, racial and political issues that capital punishment raises. The paper discusses the perspectives of opponents and supporters of the death penalty and offers the opinion that the societal advantages of the death penalty far outweigh the disadvantages.
From the Paper
"Despite the frequent use of the death penalty throughout most of American history, it continues to be a controversial issue in the United States. Americans continue to debate whether capital punishment is morally acceptable, whether taking a convicted criminal's life is an effective means of deterring other criminals from committing violent crimes, and whether capital punishment is applied fairly, regardless of social, economic, or racial factors. (Kurtis 188) Ultimately, because of the conservative majority on the Supreme Court, the death penalty is likely to be imposed in appropriate cases by America's criminal justice system for the foreseeable future."
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Poverty and Crime, 2007.
This paper examines the positive correlation between violent crime and poverty levels.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the social structure theory that shows how crime is more likely in societies that possess weaker social institutions. The paper discusses several research studies that demonstrate how poverty creates the social conditions in which violent crime becomes more likely.
From the Paper
"First of all, what is social structure theory? Social structure theory is a way of understanding human behavior and the influence of authority in human societies. Social structure theorists, as one might image, place greatest emphasis on the structure of society when attempting to understand human behavior. Social structure theory argues that behaviors are affected and controlled by a confluence of influence from social institutions and groups with power (Summerfield, 2006). In other words, individual behaviors are dependent upon the construction of society and its institutions."
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Restorative Justice, 2007.
This paper discusses healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles in regard to restorative justice in Canada.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Canada is a unique society, in that the modern nation was created out of the conquest of the original inhabitants of the land - the Aboriginals. The writer maintains that it is possible to argue that this unique circumstance of our origins predicates a different approach to justice - at least with regards to the subjugated people. One suggested approach has been the use of restorative justice, as an alternative model to retributive justice. In this specific context, this would require the use of traditional Aboriginal restorative justice practices, including healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles. This paper introduces this topic with a broad overview of the key issues; describes healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles; evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these circles; analyzes the implications for our current retributive system; and concludes with a critical analysis and general conclusions.
From the Paper
"All of this is clearly evident from the fact that the Aboriginal population is so over-represented in our prison systems. While Aboriginals comprise less than 2% of the Canadian population, they account for almost 10% of the population of federal incarceration facilities, and much greater percentages of the territorial and provincial institutions. It has also been noted that for Aboriginal sub-groups, such as youth and women, the percentages may be even more disproportionate. In an holistic sense, it would be wonderful to have a justice system that not only coped with the immediate problem of how we as a society deal with criminal offenders, but also contributed in a much more holistic sense to the greater good of our society as a whole."
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Canada and Prostitution, 2007.
An analysis of the laws in Canada regarding prostitution and sex-trade workers.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the laws in Canada vis-a-vis prostitution and discusses whether or not these laws serve to shield sex trade workers from abuse and exploitation. It also discusses to whom prostitutes can turn if they require assistance. The paper then explores the options which might reduce pimping - or at least control it appreciably.
From the Paper
"Be that as it may, there are people and institutions to whom sex trade workers in Canada can turn even if the nature of their work compels them to work in shadowy locations with perfect strangers. For one thing, organizations like the Pivot Legal Society (located in Vancouver, British Columbia) exist to advance the interests and concerns of sex trade workers (Pivot Legal Society, 2006). There is also a down-town drop-in shelter for sex trade workers in Vancouver - a city which has long had a serious prostitution problem - that receives generous contributions from private business if not from local, provincial and federal governments (Spirit of Vancouver, 2003). Although information is surprisingly scant, one can surmise that similar shelters exist in other large Canadian metropolitan centers with prostitution problems - such as Toronto and Montreal. In any event, police services throughout Canada have not had a historically strong reputation for treating the concerns of prostitutes well - a situation which has necessarily led to the under-reporting of violent assaults against sex trade workers."
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Organized Crime Today, 2007.
This paper explores the challenges that organized crime presents law enforcement agencies today.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The writer provides an overview of organized crime in the past and how it is manifested today. The paper looks at drug deals that have become the dominant issue and discusses what law enforcement agencies across the nation are doing to combat organized crime. The paper explains that today law enforcement agencies have to contend with the technological abilities organized crime groups have to commit fraud and identity theft.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Then and Now
Today
Law Enforcement Efforts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A bank finds out that its largest account holder has been laundering money into international accounts for months. That bank may be the victim of organized crime. A drug deal out of Florida turns up 100 kilos of cocaine that was supposed to be shipped across America. This was most likely the work of organized crime. A businessman walking down the street is shot through the head with a single bullet, and police later discover he was preparing double sets of books for one of his accounting clients. This man may have been the victim of organized crime."
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Crime and Deviance, 2007.
An analysis of various theories of criminality and their implications.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the origin of criminality and the theories that apply to it. It analyzes each of the theories presented and discusses how these theories apply to criminals and society. The paper also briefly touches on the causes of crime and suggests that crime likely has a number of causes. The paper does not reach a conclusion as to whether crime as a deviant behavior is caused by psychological deviance.
From the Paper
"Bandura and Ribes Inesta (1976) state the view that persons do not inherit violent tendencies as some believe but instead model these behaviors after the three principles noted above. They state that children learn aggressive responses from observing others, observations which may include media portrayals (Bandura & Ribes Inesta, 1976, p. 204). Bandura recognized that many people believe that aggression will produce reinforcements, and such reinforcements can produce a reduction of tension, financial rewards, or the praise of others, which may build self esteem (Seigel, 1992, 171). Bandura and Ribes Inesta (1976) argue that "aggression in children is influenced by the reinforcement of family members, the media, and the environment" (Bandura & Ribes Inesta, 1976, 206 208)."
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Juvenile Justice Counselor, 2007.
An explanation of a juvenile justice counselor's experience in the Developing Opportunities through Meaningful Education (DOME) program.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the qualifications and experience of a juvenile justice counselor. The writer describes his experience in this position, particularly his work with Developing Opportunities through Meaningful Education (DOME), which is one of the premier programs designed to help juvenile offenders obtain the services that they need to lead a productive life in the future. The paper describes the writer's skills and the positive influence that he has had on this program.
From the Paper
"The DOME project centers on education and building opportunities for juvenile offenders and other at risk youth. DOME has helped thousands of youth make a brighter future for themselves (DOME, 2007). The project helps youth focus on a developing a positive sense of themselves as individuals so that they not only survive, but they can thrive in their communities (DOME, 2007). I feel that this is an excellent program and that it has excellent opportunities for professional and personal growth in the future. DOME attacks the problem from the root, instead of simply placing a bandage over it once it has occurred. The focus of DOME is on prevention. This is a key reason for choosing this program as my career target."
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Murders in Ciudad Juarez, 2007.
This paper discusses serial sexual femicide in Ciudad Juarez.
2,398 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the unsolved, heinous killings that have taken place in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The paper points out that the numbers of dead and missing vary dramatically, and change frequently, but it is known that over the past sixteen or so years, hundreds of young women have been murdered, raped, dragged to remote desert graves and in many cases mutilated in and around Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, just across a bridge from El Paso, Texas. The writer notes that the killings fall under three categories: they are ethnic because the women are all Latino; they are of a "class" nature because the great majority of women are working class individuals; and third, they are of a sexual / gender nature because all the victims are women.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Reasons Behind Male Resentment of Women in Mexico
Mexican Attitudes Encourage Violence against Women
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, there is a bitter irony that Camacho wishes to address. Many of the products manufactured in the maquiladora factories are technology devices (cell phones, computer-related technologies) that a substantial portion of the economically deprived female workers will not be able to afford. Hence, these women are only pawns in the globalization game; they are not really participants in the more affluent global society, members of which feel a strong need to be able to download music and movies onto their cell phones, and carry Blackberry technologies so they can instantly receive and send emails, documents and photos wherever they are. Indeed, the poor women who labor in the maquiladoras are not part of any "civil society" - let alone a global civil society - because any sense of civility they may have experienced by earning a paltry $55 a week has dissolved in the river of ongoing fear generated by the mindless bludgeoning of so many young women in Juarez."
"Moreover, if these young women ever did enjoy a sense of Mexican citizenship, their bargain-basement participation in globalization has probably stripped them of that emotion."
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Inmate Violence During Incarceration, 2007.
An examination of violent behavior in prisons and an assessment of predicting risk of violence by inmates while incarcerated.
9,638 words (approx. 38.6 pages), 38 sources, MLA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper examines prison violence and describes existing methods for assessing risk for violent behavior. It analyzes factors contributing to or reducing institutional violence. It also looks at factors contributing to violent behavior in general and discusses major theories of aggression and violent behavior. The paper then analyzes current methods for predicting short and long term risk of violence in various settings, in order to develop a conceptual framework for predicting inmate violence while incarcerated.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Strategies for Assessing Future Risk of Violence
Actuarial Risk Assessment
Clinical Risk Assessment
Psychopathy and Violence
Method
Violence among Inmates
Assaults In Correctional Facilities
Mental Health Screening In Correctional Facilities
Violence Prevention Programs
From the Paper
"A computer-based test interpretation (CBTI) system is a system that screens inmates for mental health issues in correctional facilities. This system was reviewed and tested to see if it is valid and useful. To begin this review, 100 adult male felons were administered a brief mental status interview and a series of psychological tests, including the MMPI, the revised Beta IQ Examination, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Psychiatric diagnoses and CBTI ratings of victimization, violence, suicide, and substance abuse potentials were compared with clinicians' evaluations. Second, CBTI diagnosed 109 inmates and were compared with Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) diagnoses. Finally, CBTI risk ratings were compared with institutional infraction records of 1, 718 inmates. An agreement between CBTI and clinicians' risk ratings decided that this was in fact a fair diagnosis, and the diagnoses ranged from 60% to 93%. (Psychological Assessment, 1992, p. 138)"
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College Students and Guns, 2007.
This paper explores the controversial issue of gun control on college campuses.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview and background of the issues involved in gun control in general and as it applies to college campuses in particular. The paper reviews the relevant literature and the popular media to determine the salient issues involved and what the potential implications of allowing all students to carry guns on campus might be for students, faculty and the American public alike. The paper concludes that outlawing guns is not likely to solve the problems being experienced in the nation's schools and college campuses when it comes to violent crime.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Gun Control and Violent Crime
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the more divisive issues confronting the United States today is the ownership of guns. For instance, according to Utter (2000), "Perhaps with the one exception of abortion, gun control is the most controversial issue in American politics, and it appeals strongly to the emotions of those who support as well as those who oppose further regulation of firearms" (p. ix). On the one hand, gun control advocates maintain that so-called "Saturday night specials" and their ilk do not have any particular value as legitimate weapons for any purpose besides criminal activity and the proliferation of guns in this country has directly contributed to the increased incidences of violent crime in recent years. These arguments, though, fly in the face of reality."
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Sexual Abusers and their Victims, 2007.
This paper discusses sexual abusers and their victims, looking at different cases.
3,158 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses different occurrences of the sexual abuse of children. Looking at different cases and interviews on film, the writer analyzes the behavior of various abusers. The writer maintains that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies and describes mental disorders, pedophilia is a behavior that is associated with loners and low self-esteem. The writer concludes that these people are not from some other planet, but that society has produced them. The writer argues that now society must learn to deal with such abusers in a way that truly protects the children.
From the Paper
"In the film 'Monsters Among Us', two incarcerated sex offenders are interviewed and they talk about their own childhoods and their difficult-to-control sexual impulses. Westley Dodd and Joel, for example, developed pedophile disorders early during the teenage years. Joel described being beaten by his stepfather on a regular basis. Physically abused boys often grow up to be aggressive, particularly toward women. Hurting women is a way to control them. Boys who are physically and sexually abused may grow up to be sadistic pedophiles like Joel. Joel's appointed psychologist said he is likely to commit predatory sex offences in the future. Imprisonment is not going to solve his problem. Those sex offenders who get out of jail say that the urge to rape is still with them and still difficult to control."
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Gun Control, 2007.
This paper reviews the history and theories behind the restriction of gun sales to minorities and poor people.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, over the years, even though the approach might be slightly different and more subtle, especially in the southern states, there has been very little change in the overall outlook of the American bias toward the ownership of guns by the minorities and poor. The author points out that, even though gun control laws have restricted gun ownership to people who can afford a decent life-style, these laws have had no effect on decreasing crime and disallow poor citizens from protecting themselves with the use of a firearm when facing a criminal situation. The paper concludes by arguing that, because poor people most often live in high crime rates areas or areas where there is very little law protection, to gain a sense of personal security, the laws must be changed and markets must sell low-priced legal firearms.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gun Control and the Poor
From the Paper
"Even though, the blacks had to face the brunt of the gun control and restriction laws; however, they were not the only recipients. Certain white people who did not fit the bill of the Americans also faced numerous laws where they were treated less worthy for the ownership of guns. A good example of this could be the Sullivan law passed in 1911 where the focus shifted to the Italian immigrants, astonishingly, within the first three year of the implementation of the Sullivan law, 70% of the total people arrested had Italian names and surnames. Even the media was very openly not supportive of the guns being issued to the Italian immigrants; the disapproval was posted both in the "New York Tribune" as well as the "New York Times"."
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Leadership Programs for Inner-City Schools, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of leadership programs for football players at inner-city schools.
14,394 words (approx. 57.6 pages), 58 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how disciplinary problems can be reduced in inner-city schools. It suggests that young people can learn to better manage themselves while relating to others. The paper focuses on a high school football program that focuses on instilling leadership qualities in its participants, to achieve this end. It reviews the literature and analyzes the success of these programs.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Rationale of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
The History of Mentoring
What is Mentoring?
Importance of After School Programs
Programs Found And Research
Economic Considerations
Assessing the Effectiveness of High School Sports-Based Leadership Programs
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Setting and Participants
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The research clearly showed that participation in extracurricular athletic programs provided high school students with a wide range of beneficial outcomes, including improved academic performance and fewer disciplinary problems. It is reasonable to conclude that participation in such extracurricular leadership development activities will help address many of the fundamental issues facing American educators and students alike in inner city schools, and but such interventions are not without effort and cost. Nevertheless, there are some obvious win-win aspects to such athletic-based initiatives as well, particularly for inner-city students who may have few alternatives available to them. According to one authority, "Teaching students how to live healthy is vital to our society. Physical education teaches students how to develop and maintain proper fitness. Teaching people how they can live longer not only benefits the individual but also society, through a reduction in medical spending due to unhealthy individuals" (Coviello, 1994, p. 6). Despite these findings, though, other authorities cite some fairly isolated examples of how participation in extracurricular leadership development programs either do not contribute to such development or merely provide an avenue for enhancing natural traits there were already present in a given percentage of the participants. Despite these constraints to the positive conclusions noted above, though, these potential downsides are more than offset by the important benefits that many students gain through such active participation. Therefore, the following recommendations are provided."
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