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Joan of Arc, 2007.
A historical analysis of Joan of Arc.
1,894 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper describes Joan of Arc's claims of voices and visions which told her to save Orleans from the English. The paper looks at the battles she led against the English and her successes and setbacks. The paper describes her capture by the English and her trial and death. The paper shows how during her short life, Joan of Arc was not considered as someone who deserved to be named in the pages of history, but since her death she is considered a true patriot.
From the Paper
"According to Elizabeth Lucie-Smith, in 1428, an illiterate shepherdess of seventeen decided she had been called by God to save her native France by expelling the English invaders who viewed this French rebel as a witch sent by the devil to be their ruination" (34). This "foul fiend of France and hag of all despised" was Joan of Arc, born around 1412 in the village of Domremy on the River Meuse in eastern Champagne. As a young girl, Joan worked as a farmhand and during her time away from this lowly occupation, she spent hours in the local parish church, where she prayed for her salvation. Some scholars support the idea that Joan saw visions in this church and at the age of thirteen heard voices which told her to save Orleans."
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Nefertiti, 2007.
This paper provides a critique of the book 'Nefertiti' by Joyce Tyldesley.
869 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Joyce Tyldesley is a trained Egyptologist specializing in ancient Egyptian archeology. The writer then points out that she brings both her experience in the study of artifacts as well as her knowledge of ancient Egyptian history to her latest book entitled "Nefertiti". The writer relates that, although the book closes with a brief synopsis of the world's reaction to the discovery of the famous Nefertiti bust, most of the book is devoted to historical, rather than pictorial and archaeological analysis, in its documentation of the period. The writer maintains that the analysis of Egyptian images are used to elucidate the history within the covers of this small book, rather than for the sake of beauty alone, although the subject of the work is one of the most famous Egyptian beauties every preserved in artistic form.
From the Paper
"Tyldesley frames her book on the Egyptian queen as an attempt to answer an unanswerable mystery. Tyldesley does not offer an answer to the disappearance of queen Nefertiti from history, rather she theorizes that because of the queen's erasure from the lists of Egyptian rulers, the queen has given rise to considerable, often unsubstantiated speculation as to Nefertiti's place in history. Tyldesley uses what historical evidence remains about the previous period of Egyptian monarchical history, along with the surviving icons of the reign of Nefertiti's husband to show how contradictory the evidence is about Nefertiti's identity."
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House on Mango Street, 2007.
This paper discusses the novel, 'The House on Mango Street' by Sandra Cisneros.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the novel, 'The House on Mango Street' by Sandra Cisneros. The writer points out that this is a story about the typical struggles of a Hispanic family. The writer relates that it is a picture of the various problems that many Hispanic women face in society today such as domination by men, and notes that the novel shows how women are viewed as objects and rarely valued for what they think and feel on the inside. The writer maintains that Sandra Cisneros wrote this novel so that the reader may understand the struggles and feelings of the Hispanic woman. This paper discusses how Sandra Cisneros describes the true struggles of Hispanic women in the context of a fictitious story.
From the Paper
"In 'House on Mango Street', women are viewed as objects by men regardless of whether they are boyfriends, friends fathers or husbands. The women are similar to the man's possession. The young girls in the novel grow up with the mentality that looks and appearance are the most important things to a woman and that what they think and feel on the inside is irrelevant. Another sample of this masculine possession is when Cisneros also shows how Latino women are expected to be loyal to their husbands, and that a husband should have complete control of the marriage. Yet on the other hand, Cisneros describes the main character; Esperanza as not being like the typical Hispanic woman. She is different. Even though Esperanza is born and raised in the same Hispanic culture as the women around her, she is not happy with it, and knows that someday she will break free from its ties, because she is mentally strong and has a talent for telling stories."
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Religion as a Determinant in Fertility, 2007.
A look at how religion affects birth and fertility in married or paired women throughout the world, with a focus on Austria, India and Canada.
4,777 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study with the hypothesis that religion accounts for, in large part, the number of children born to a woman. It looks at how most studies have found that women's fertility rate is determined by religion and other variants, sometimes equally, such as cultural, socioeconomic, age at time of birth, education, income and urban or rural position.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Socioeconomic Factors on Fertility Rate, Compared to Religion
Religion as a Factor in Fertility Rates Among Hindus and Muslims
Rural and Urban Effects on Fertility
Fertility Decisions and Desires in Bangladesh
Effect of Religion through Fertility Norms and Possibility of Dissolution
The Relationship Between Religion And Fertility: Evidence From Austria
The Religious Denomination Factor in Fertility in Canada
Results of the Multivariate Analysis
Discussion
Summary and Suggestions
Hypothesis
Data
Analysis of the Data
Discussion
Summary and suggestions
From the Paper
"After economic standing, a study by Lutz attempts to account for the effects of culture and religion on fertility rates. This study tries to assess the effects of culture and religion on fertility after accounting for a country's socioeconomic standing. Estimates for covariance models are analyzed for 128 countries between 1950 and 1975. The gross reproduction rate is the dependent variable and independent variables are infant mortality rates, aggregate standing of female education and gross domestic product per person. Categorical variables for religion and cultural region are taken into account as well. Surprisingly, even though socioeconomic standing is higher, European countries have lower fertility rates than Arab countries. Culture and religion have a measurable effect on fertility and in Arab countries it is positive. "
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The Legacy of Harriet Tubman, 2007.
A review of Catherine Clinton's biography "Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom".
1,434 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that Catherine Clinton's biography "Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom" is considered one of the best and most comprehensive biographies of Harriet Tubman's life. The paper describes how Clinton attempts to present a historically accurate, complex and complete portrayal of Harriet Tubman. The paper notes Clinton's theme that Harriet Tubman was an ordinary individual but, through her life experiences and moral convictions, she turned into a strong and courageous leader.
From the Paper
"Catherine Clinton is a renowned historian with a special interest in black history. She has authored many books in both children and adult literature on the theme of Black American history. As a professor of African American studies at Brandeis University, Brown University and Harvard, she has become an expert on the arena of Black narratives and historical biographies. Her definitive chronicling of Tubman's life in this work is fully comprehensive and immersive, one of the reasons it is such a powerful narrative work is because Clinton does not deviate from the life of Tubman, but focuses on exposing the reality of this mythical figure."
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Sexual Harassment, 2007.
This paper explains why the problem of sexual harassment deserves special consideration in the healthcare industry.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the healthcare industry has the dubious distinction of being one of the top industries, if not the number one industry, where sexual harassment is the most prevalent. The writer relates that across the board, nearly half of female nurses, physicians and students report that they have been harassed. The writer points out that a number of factors unique to the healthcare industry contribute to this problem including gender-based segregation, unequal gender representation, and the lower status, prestige and power of many female healthcare workers. The writer maintains that because of these industry-specific dynamics, the healthcare industry will have to do more than follow industry best practices. The writer claims that it will also need to take a more active role in attracting males into the nursing profession, attracting more women physicians in general and encouraging women physicians to select historically male specialties.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Scope of the Sexual Harassment Problem
The Root Causes of the Sexual Harassment Problem
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"There are many studies that confirm the tremendous scope of the sexual harassment problem in the healthcare industry. Physicians and nurses alike encounter harassment. A large national survey revealed that 47.7 percent of all women physicians had experienced gender-based harassment, harassment from being a minority in a male environment. The same survey showed that 36.9 percent of these women had experience more severe sexual harassment, harassment having a sexual or physical element. In a study of 188 critical care nurses, forty-six percent reported sexual harassment, including offensive sexual remarks, unwanted physical contact, unwanted verbal attention, requests for unwanted dates, sexual propositions and physical assault. Sandbeg, McNiel and Binder discovered that an overwhelming majority of these incidents went unreported. Physicians accounted for the largest percentage of offenders, followed by co-workers, and supervisors."
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Women in Politics, 2007.
This paper examines the role women play in the political systems of the United States, Canada and Mexico.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the United States, Canada and Mexico have different political histories and the role of women in the political systems of each country differs accordingly. The paper discusses the similar situation in the United States and Canada and shows how the role women have in both countries is more advanced than in Mexico. The paper discusses the Mexican political system, a regime marked by one-party rule and incomplete political development. The paper concludes that the place of women in Mexican society is still secondary and it will take time before Mexico achieves parity with the U.S. and Canada.
From the Paper
"The relationship of the citizen of a given country to political action depends on the social and political history of that country and the traditions that shape the political system. This is true for both men and women, though historically women have had less direct involvement with the political system because women have been socially marginalized in most countries for at least some period in history. The three countries involved in the North American Free Trade Agreement, have different political histories."
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Interpretations of Islam, 2007.
This paper discusses interpretations of Islam, focusing on the topics of gender and family.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that within the varying interpretations of Islam there are many different views on the institution of marriage. The writer specifically looks at the number of wives one is allowed or sanctified to have, the wearing of the veil by women and lastly female circumcision. The writer notes that these varied interpretations have led to varied applications and laws that dictate the diversity of the very mildest forms of the application of these ideas to the most extreme applications.
Outline:
Introduction: Differing interpretations of Islam
Introduction: Marriage
Polygamy
Interpretation 1
Interpretation 2
The Veil
Interpretation 1
Interpretation 2
Female Circumcision
Interpretation 1
Interpretation 2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The variations of the veil, worn by women in Islam are many. There is in fact no better direct visual representation of the varying interpretations of the Quran, than the variations of the veil, especially with regard to a limited western view. In more progressive Islamic communities the veil is nothing but a light scarf worn by women to cover their hair and their shoulders. While in its most conservative form, the Burka or hijab, the entire person becomes swallowed by a large heavy garment that covers them from the top of their head to the tips of their toes, and allows vision only through an elaborate lace screened slit over the eyes. The Quranic interpretations abound differing cultural identities, and as has been seen in some fundamental reaffirmations, such as by the Taliban in Afghanistan the affirmation of the fundamentalist can often be a very visible enforcement of more restrictive codes toward women. Prior to the time of the Taliban Afghanistan had been a rather progressive Islamic nation, where women were educated and employed and changes were extreme, for both men and women. A lesson to be learned from this involves the acknowledgement that a form of protection, in the Quran was interpreted in many extreme ways to create a situation of forced social order and conservatism, and the situation was stark in many ways, not just in its treatment of women."
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Women in the Workplace, 2007.
This paper analyzes the books "Talking from 9 to 5: Women and Men at Work" by Deborah Tannen and "Workforce 2020" by Richard W. Judy and Carol D'Amico.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how women in the workforce have gained numbers and ground since the 1970s, but most women are still at a distinct disadvantage in the workplace. The paper looks at prejudices, misunderstandings, a lack of opportunities and the existence of the "glass ceiling".
From the Paper
"Women, unlike men, are consistently "marked" in the workplace, and even outside the workplace. They are marked by the way they dress, how they style their hair, the type of makeup they wear, and even the shoes they choose. Thus, women, unlike most men, are marked as "sexy," "plain," or "sultry" by their appearances, before they even have a chance to prove themselves. This might seem to indicate that women should dress austerely in the workplace, playing down their sexuality and gender, but even this can backfire. Women who dress too severely or wear no makeup are often seen as not caring about the way they look, which sends a clear message to their employers or potential employers (Tannen 110)."
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"Let Nobody Turn Us Around", 2007.
An analysis of the narratives of African-American women in "Let Nobody Turn Us Around," edited by Marable Manning and Leith Mullings.
2,373 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the narratives of African-American women and their struggle to realize the American Dream. It presents these narratives from the articles in "Let Nobody Turn Us Around," edited by Marable Manning and Leith Mullings. The paper discusses how, through the struggles of African-American women, we can learn much about the goals of the Black Freedom Movement.
From the Paper
"The African American movement of the later half of the 20th century profoundly shifted from the Civil Rights movement towards the much murkier field of providing freedom and liberation for subclasses of the subjugated. In section five of "Let Nobody Turn Us Around", the reader is presented with the narratives of African American women and their struggle to realize the American Dream. The conflict embodied within these articles provides a telling struggle of a two front war. Not only were African American women victimized for their black heritage, and thus racialized and castigated by society, they also fought an internal war against the pervasive sexism of the times. Through their struggles to gain recognition not only as African Americans, but as African American women, we can learn much about the goals of the Black Freedom Movement. The cry for equality that these women iterate through their narratives is matched by the historical feminist stances of past generations. The struggle for freedom and equality voiced through the experiences of contemporary African American feminists mirrors a historical and cultural struggle for gender equality that paralleled the movement for racial equality. The crystallization of African American women's struggle for independence is emblematic of the greater struggle for independence from racial divides."
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Henrik Ibsen's "A Doll's House", 2007.
This paper analyzes Henrik Ibsen's "A Doll's House", one of the most frequently reviewed plays in academic studies.
3,845 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although much has been written about viewing Henrik Ibsen's "A Doll's House from purely a feminist perspective, the truth is that Ibsen's clever crafting of this play and careful development of his heroine Nora has allowed readers and critics over the years to apply many valid interpretations. The author points out that Ibsen's play is about the roles that people are willing or are forced to play: The role that Nora assumes at the end of the play is just another role - one that she has no idea how to play but feels she must. The paper concludes that Ibsen had to make Nora the explorer into a new world so that the audience might begin to understand his motive of revealing how the strict roles of society have stripped people of their human rights.
From the Paper
"The other female character has also become a thinking human being through her trials in life. Ironically, Mrs. Linde because of her ability to think chooses to marry Krogstad during the course of the play. She says in regard to Krogstad's letter that she does not want him to ask for it back because "a whole day's gone by and I've witnessed things in this house that I could hardly believe...This wretched secret must be brought into the open so that there's complete understanding between them". Mrs. Linde's objective is not to destroy their marriage put to force Torvald and Nora to be honest..." with themselves and each other. Mrs. Linde has realized the necessity of this kind of honesty through her life of hardship which is why she decides to marry Krogstad. She accepts that he is not perfect and not a model man of the middle-class, but he can give her what she wants to be happy.
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Mexican Women, 2007.
A review of the evolution of gender equality in Mexico, focusing on the major roles of Soldaderas during the Mexican Revolution.
5,046 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Mexican women and how gender equality evolved. According to the paper, the traditional depiction of Mexican women was very restrictive. The paper goes on to say that women were consumed by their family life, their marriages and the Catholic Church. The paper reports that legal, social and cultural constraints were placed upon women to prevent them from gaining full acceptance and rights in society. The paper also takes a look at the role of the Soldaderas during the time of the Mexican Revolution.
From the Paper
"The ability to view the Mexican Revolution not only as an idealized cause against the abuses of the Diaz regime, but also as a method to escape the problems at home, created a new era of possibility for women. Women joined the army as young teenagers in order to escape from forced marriages and physical abuse, thus they joined without the permission of their families. The inevitable break from tradition of the Mexican Revolution shattered many of the stigmas and "traditional cultural" attachments of gender roles because women defied their families. At the same time, the promotion of equality within the army allowed the Soldadera a familiarization with the concept of equality. One captain of the Revolutionaries explained, "In the war, it's all equal. Now we cook the food and wash the clothes together, we fight the war together" (Ross, 289). The direct result of these actions was that social stigmas associated with women pursuing nontraditional roles was no longer promoted and systematically preserved. Instead they were allowed to explore a new frontier that involved the provision of different social roles. This was extremely important in the establishment of a strong feminist presence that was not afraid to confront the patriarchal system."
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Marriage and Long-Standing Relationships, 2007.
A comparison of marriage with other long-standing relationships and their implications for society.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the basic social institution of marriage and compares it to other long-standing relationships. The paper reviews literature that discusses the attempts to reduce marriage to only one among many forms of recognized and legalized relationships. It discusses the findings of these papers and the implications of these views for society.
From the Paper
"These major trends in law appear to be attempts to channel public law into an entirely new and authoritative framework "beyond conjugality (Cere 2000)." If they managed to make marriage as only one of many equally valid forms of close relationships, any kind of close relationship could be legally recognized and deserving of social support. The observation was that, recently, the most controversial subject in marriage law was not gay marriage but polyamory. Polymory is distinguished from polygamy. Polygamy means many marriages and polymory means many loves. A polyamorous relationship could consist in multiple-partner sexual relationships, whether in marriage or not. Advocates of polyamory advanced "ethical non-monogamy," which involved more than one person in an open, communicative and honest way. These advocates pushed for liberal religious traditions to recognize multiple-partner marriage (Cere)."
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Leadership Styles and Workplace Diversity, 2007.
This paper explores what approaches to leadership work most effectively in highly diverse groups.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the communication differences between men and women and reveals that due to this, many women are overlooked for promotions and other issues in which they are extremely well-qualified. The paper studies workplace diversity and looks at the issue of conflict through workforce diversity. The paper also discusses the issue of strategy for innovation and change. The paper asserts that these issues can meet with success for a company that is willing to put the time and effort into making sure that the workforce is properly diversified and decisions are made on an appropriate level and time schedule.
From the Paper
"Diversity in the American workplace is very important but corporate culture in this country works against women to a certain extent (Tannen, 1995). The conversational styles that most women use tend to be less popular with businesses and corporations than the conversational styles that men use. Because of this, women are often overlooked for promotions, are seen as less confident, and are not considered as worthwhile when it comes to individuals giving their ideas and helping out with teamwork. Much of this comes from childhood when little girls were taught to be nice to other individuals and help to downplay their weaknesses, while little boys were taught to play up the weaknesses of other individuals and claim strength and domination if they were able (Tannen, 1995; Adams & Galanges, 2005)."
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Harriet Tubman's Legacy, 2007.
A discussion of this legendary figure of the Underground Railroad who successfully transported many slaves to freedom.
1,627 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Harriet Tubman's rescue activities and portrays how she bravely returned south to help other slaves through the same highways and human byways she had traveled in her own quest for freedom. The paper illustrates how she managed to transport over three hundred slaves on her path, including her own family. The paper concludes that Tubman's legacy lies in the lives of the countless men and women she liberated.
From the Paper
"Although the name of Harriet Tubman has often been lauded by historians and in the popular press, this legendary, almost mythical figure of the Underground Railroad remains a mystery, even to this day. Tubman's creativity at personal disguise, the mythical allure she was able to cultivate, and her wily refusal to be pinned down to any secure identity or path were all the reasons for her success in transporting so many slaves to freedom. This also makes her a difficult subject for biographers to capture in print."
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Naturalism According to Kate Chopin, 2007.
This paper analyzes the the concept of naturalism in the book 'The Awakening' by Kate Chopin.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that when Kate Chopin wrote 'The Awakening', several themes were popular in literature. One of these was naturalism, or the belief that natural forces, such as heredity, environment and physical and emotional drives motivate people to act as they do. The writer points out that "The Awakening" includes numerous examples of how naturalism impacts character Edna Pontellier's values, thoughts and actions. More importantly, the book shows what happens when one's natural inclinations conflict with an awakening of unconventional and "unnatural" desires. The writer relates that ironically, it is the sea, a true part of nature, which carries Edna away for the very last time and allows her to disappear forever from her internal conflicts. The writer concludes that in the end, according to Chopin, nature wins.
From the Paper
"In Victorian times, women were primarily recognized as mothers and wives or, as in The Awakening, even possessions of their husband. In several instances, the book's characters confirm this role. For example, in an early scene, Mr. Pontellier criticizes Edna for not attending her sick child and worries that she is not a proper mother. Although these demands on women are part of the patriarchal society, they are based on the belief that women bear the children in the human species and have, or should have, an innate need to nurture and protective their children."
"Edna is a complex character who has many sides to her nature. Part of her recognizes the need, in fact is inwardly driven, to be a good mother."
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Femininity in Sherlock Holmes, 2007.
An analysis of the theme of feminism in Arthur Conan Doyle's two stories, "Scandal in Bohemia" and "The Adventure of the Yellow Face".
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Arthur Conan Doyle's two stories "Scandal in Bohemia" and "The Adventure of the Yellow Face" are very interesting in their treatment of the female protagonists, as they reflect the condition and the image of women at the end of the nineteenth century.
From the Paper
"In the other story, The Adventure of the Yellow Face, Holmes is again outwitted by a woman. This time Holmes fails deciphering the thinking of the woman who hides her little black girl from her old marriage from her husband. He wrongfully concludes after finding out the facts, that she actually hides her husband who is supposed to have been dead. Again, he is fails to read the woman's mind, who proves to have act much better than he supposes. Thus, both stories point to the way in which the nineteenth century men regarded cleverness in women as an absolute exception, and therefore, as Holmes terms it, any smart woman would be called "the woman": "He used to make merry over the cleverness of women, but I have not heard him do it of late. "
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BRCA1 in Sporadic Breast Cancer, 2007.
A study of the literature examining the effects of BRCA1 mutations in sporadic breast cancer.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancer. It analyzes studies that suggest that non-genetic risk factors may differ in women who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation more than in women who do not have such a mutation. It describes each of the three studies and their conclusions, but suggests that further studies need to be done to examine the exact effects and possible prevention of the BRCA1 mutation.
From the Paper
"Surprisingly, closely similar findings were described in each of the three studies, though scientists doing the studies expected to find these results. In the Netherlands study, they described for the first time the high expression of EGFR in breast cancers related to BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (van der Groep, et al. 615). In the Korean study, BRCA-associated tumors showed lower ER, PR, and HER-2/neu and higher p53 expression, findings in accordance with previous studies, though the ages of the subjects were found to be younger than those of other studies. Also, in the Korean study, BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations did not identify any of the founder mutations common to western populations, though they admit that more population-based studies need to be done. They found that the BRCA1 anomaly had characteristics indicating either higher mitotic activity or no tubule formation, often with lymphocytic infiltration. In all cases, BRCA2 mutations were invasively cancerous. There were other factors that each study admitted had influences on analysis, such as sporadic carcinogenetic pathways, age, family history and estrogen and progesterone receptors. The Netherlands study added that the expression of Ki57 and EGFR was found to be related to sporadic cancer. The Icelandic study found phenotypic similarities between BRCA1 methylated and familial BRCA1 breast tumors (Birgisdotter, et al. 9)."
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