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Measuring Crime Rates, 2007.
This paper attempts to identify appropriate methodologies for exploring crime rates.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theory that the increase in crime rates have led to a need to respond to reported instances of crime, thus requiring increased action on the part of local police, fire and civil service departments. The paper explains that this correlation has been used to justify requisitioning a larger budget for law enforcement. The paper provides a hypothetical research methodology to identify any actual correspondence between these two variables.
Outline:
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Study Design and Execution
Expected Outcome and Limitations on Methodology
From the Paper
"The research design used to test this potential correlation is quantifiable and seeks to isolate units of measurement between two specific trends (Creswell 17). The first of these trends is an increase in crime statistics. The second is an increase in overtime pay for law enforcement officials. The scope of the research spans from the time when crime rates began to rise, which has been set at seventeen years ago to create an appropriate margin of error. Historical data for crime rates prior to this time period are also known and can be used to create a historical profile of the norms for both crime rates and overtime pay."
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Emotional Intelligence (EI), 2007.
This paper is a literature review to define the hypotheses for further research on the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) to success as a sales person.
2,735 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a series of studies have linked emotional intelligence (EI) with increased performance outcomes in the workplace such as employee effectiveness ratings, sales quota indices, leadership capacity, career commitment and managerial advancement. The author points out that the commonly accepted models of emotional intelligence (EI), which differ from the logical type termed as IQ or general intelligence, share several basic concepts including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. The paper suggests that hypotheses for research should be to acknowledge the need to establish further the connection between emotional intelligence and work outcomes and to establish the greater impact of EI scores on sales performance as contrasted to IQ scores.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms and Suggested Measures
Hypotheses of the Study
Further Research and Limitations of the Study
From the Paper
"The Goleman-Boyatzis-Hay Emotional Competency Inventory is also based on a series of statements - but since it's a 360-degree instrument, individuals other than the test's subject are asked to answer the same questions about that subject. In this case, the ratings run from one to seven, with one being "slightly" and seven, "very." In practical terms, the Goleman-Boyatzis-Hay approach has focused less on training emotional intelligence than on addressing specific deficiencies in those competencies."
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High School Diploma vs. GED, 2007.
A research proposal to analyze the differences in having a high school diploma versus a general equivalence diploma (GED) with regard to gaining employment in an entry-level position.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study of individuals who have earned a high school diploma and alternatively individuals who have a GED, in order to determine if this difference affects the individual's prospects for employment in an entry-level position. The paper also examines what specific or actual differences are demonstrated between the individual with the high school diploma and the individual who has obtained a GED with regard to the individual's preparedness to enter today's highly diverse, globalized, networked and highly technological workforce.
Outline:
Abstract
Research Aims & Objective
Introduction
Literature Review
Rationale
Methodology
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The rationale for this study lies within the fact that those who graduate from high school with a diploma, and those who obtain a GED are not either one more prepared than the other for joining the work force, even at entry-level specifications. The failing structure of the present educational system in terms of graduates who are prepared to enter today's workforce clearly demonstrates the need for something different, something revolutionary, such as an individualized plan of study for students in high school that is integrated closely and collaborative with the individual's work or plan for future work endeavor enabled through adequate educational provision and skill development."
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The Survey, 2007.
This paper describes the process of using surveys as a research technique and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of their use.
4,210 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the downside of using surveys as a research technique is that the process depends on universal principles, which allow the questionnaires to be generalized, that can make the use of the survey relatively inflexible and that there is always uncertainty about the potential level of response. The author points out that one of the advantages of conducting research surveys is that they are not as costly as other research methods and can be executed through a number of media such as mail, e-mail or personalized visits. The paper explains that the survey or questionnaire is selected by the researcher, as diverse as psychologists and anthropologists, to fulfill both his or her theoretical and practical goals.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Different Categories of Surveys
Surveys in Written Format
Surveys Conducted through Email
Surveys Administered within Groups
Drop-off Surveys
Surveys Conducted Orally
Reliability and Validity of Surveys
Reliability
Equivalency Reliability
Stability Reliability
Internal Consistency
Inter-rater Reliability
Difficulties of Achieving Reliability
Validity
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Criterion Related Validity
Face Validity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Content validity occurs when the initial aim of the research study is represented in the measurement of the overall results. All relative features and aspects have to be taken under consideration for the efficient attainment of aim as well as for its accurate measurement
A good example of this could be research done on the English language leaning of students. If the researcher only takes in the reading capability and factors that hinder reading capability then the content validity of that research would be inadequate because English language learning is not just about the reading skills but encompasses writing and vocabulary learning capabilities as well."
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The Effectiveness of Managers, 2007.
A research proposal to evaluate the effectiveness of managers.
7,649 words (approx. 30.6 pages), 61 sources, MLA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review assessing the fundamentals of management, the differences between management and leadership, an assessment of leadership theories, and the differences between transformational and transactional leadership. It looks at how, taken together, these concepts define the current landscape of research into best practices in each respective area. The transitions occurring in each area also are discussed, as are the key challenges or impediments to change occurring specifically in each area.
Outline:
Summary
Synopsis of Leadership Models and Theories
Defining Leadership Best Practices
Managers' Ability to Enable Transformational Leadership Strategies in Cross-Functional Teams
Methodology
References
From the Paper
"Analyzing best practices performances of leaders share several common attributes. Throughout this research, the validation of specific models has become increasingly clear. For example the model for exemplary leadership as defined by Kouzes and Posner (1997) encapsulates best practices that continue in practice today. Kouzes and Posner (1997), as all academic researchers have done, completed their own specific definition of leadership, which is "the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations" (p. 30). In completing their research Kouzes and Posner (1997) also found that during the completion of their research, respondents defined research predominantly in the form of exemplary personal, professional and group-driven qualities, with several describing who leaders had a transformational effect on their lives, the researchers began to define their model more in terms of a study of relationships. "
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Erectile Dysfunction (ED), 2007.
This paper is a research proposal to study the treatments of erectile dysfunction (ED), the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the inability to perform in a typical manner during sexual intimacies takes its toll on the emotional well being of any relationship and therefore on the quality of life of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). The author points out that there are now many treatment options, including medications such as sildenafil (Viagra), which have shown promise of improving the lives of many, but not all, people suffering from ED. The paper states that the proposed research will compare, using both quantitative and qualitative data, three non-invasive treatment options: medication, individual therapy and relationship counseling.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Analysis
From the Paper
"The high rates of probability for partial or complete ED is demonstrative of the need to analyze the problem in a comprehensive manner, especially considering that there are likely many individuals in the population who are excluded for medical reasons from taking oral medications to help resolve or treat the problem of ED as it is also often likely to be associated with medical care for other, more life threatening diseases. ED can be caused by medications used to treat high blood pressure and other high risk medical diagnoses as well as by chronic medical conditions such as diabetes."
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Emotional Intelligence (EI), 2007.
This paper is a review of research literature to identify and evaluate where voids or gaps currently exist in identifying how emotional intelligence (EI) relates to sales outcomes.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This research study examines how emotional intelligence may impact sales outcomes, and to what extent the research conducted in the past has effectively explored the direct relationship between sales outcomes and emotional intelligence. The paper explains that the literature review focused on previous methodologies, hypothesis, concepts and analytical procedures to help establish whether data correlating emotional intelligence scores to sales outcomes was more qualitative or quantitative in nature. The author points out that, from the review of the literature, it is clear that much of the research focused broadly on the ways emotional intelligence may impact outcome without too much specificity given to the topic of sales outcomes. The paper concludes that future research needs to focus on exploring the exact impact emotional intelligence has on sales outcomes, exploring how negative emotional intelligence affects the organization and examining what tools, aside from applied learning or goal orientation, can be used to transform negative emotional intelligence into positive intelligence.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Emotional Intelligence Defined
Review of Popular Studies
Summary of Literature Analysis of Gaps
From the Paper
"Ashkanasy (2002) conducted a study of emotional intelligence and perception of emotion in organizations in an attempt to improve understanding of "organizational behavior through investigation of the cognitive and affective processes" underlying attitudes among employees and behavior. The author hypothesized that leaders within an organization are characterized by certain traits or outcomes that may predispose them to their roles within the organization, concluding that attribution theory is most likely the best causal explanation for why people act the way they do, and how this may impact organizational efficacy, as in the case of sales.
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Part-Time Faculty, 2007.
This paper discusses a research project by D. Jacoby reported in "The Journal of Higher Education", which studied the impact of part-time faculty on graduation rates.
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the primary objective of this study is to determine if there were any significant changes from Jacoby's findings from 2001 data to 2005 concerning educational budgets, the increased use of technology for teaching, the introduction of various distance learning programs and the impact of part-time faculty members on graduation rates in America's community colleges. The author points out that Jacoby's (2006) study of 2001 data employed a wide range of integrated postsecondary education data system (IPES)-provided institutional statistical data and incorporated some assumed student variables from which he developed his multiple regression findings of the impact of part-time faculty members on graduation rates. The paper reports that the study confirmed the negative correlation between the number of part-time faculty employed at a given American college and its graduation rate. The paper includes tables and quotations.
Table of Contents:
Methods
Conceptual Framework
Primary Data Analysis Technique
Relevant Information and Rationale in Support of Methodology
Results
Research Question
Statistical Analysis
Recapitulation of 2005 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Results
Themes or Concepts Supporting of Refute Previous Literature or Reveal the Complexity of the Issue
Conclusion
Objectives of Study
Findings
Descriptive Statistics for Key Variables
Excerpt from Available IPEDS 2006 Data
Problem Related Solutions Institutions Should Consider for Implementation Based on the Research Findings
From the Paper
"Besides this data, the NCES provides institutional summaries of graduation data for subsamples (athlete, gender, and ethnicity) of a school's entering full-time student cohort. The graduation rate developed by the NCES is calculated for full-time community college students that complete their degree within 150 percent of that the NCES defines as "normal time" (in this case, 3 years for community colleges, and 6 years for bachelor's institutions). The author also reports that the graduation rate as reflected in the IPEDS data only measures a school's performance concerning declared degree-seeking full-time students."
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Erectile Dysfunction, 2007.
A research proposal for the study of treatments for erectile dysfunction.
877 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a reaearch proposal to examine whether individual therapy, group therapy, marriage counseling or medication is more effective in treating erectile dysfunction.
Outline:
Methodology
Data Collection
Analysis
From the Paper
"Erectile dysfunction not only affects the physical aspect of relationships, but also impacts the emotional side of relationships. Erectile dysfunction affects an estimated 10 to 20 million men in America. This number may be under-reported because of the possibility that some men may not tell their physician or seek treatment for the problem out of embarrassment or other reasons (Andolsek, 1997).
Erectile dysfunction affects sexual performance as well as self-esteem for the men who have it. "
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Entrepreneurship, 2007.
An analysis of positivism and interpretivism and their use in the study of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education.
4,978 words (approx. 19.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper explores two methodological paradigms for the study of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education - those of positivism and interpretivism. It then describes entrepreneurial education and cognition and how these are used within management and entrepreneurship. The paper concludes by explaining positivism and its context and intention within the realm of entrepreneurship.
Table of Contents:
Introduction And Overview
Research Paradigms In Management Research
Entrepreneurial Cognition And Education
Conclusion: Positivism In Context
From the Paper
"The above discussion has enumerated many of the strengths and weaknesses of interpretivist approach to methodology. These include the subjective and relative aspects which can pose a problem, particularly with regard to the educative aspects of entrepreneurial training. Simply stated, many students do not have the experience or acumen to creatively deal with or project the more subjective components of the interpretivist approach. This would mean that the positivist and more accessible quantitative strategies as discussed above would be the more applicable methodologically and more appropriate to the entrepreneurial education environment."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper is a complete quantitative research project, with an extensive literature review, that explores the impact of outsourcing on the American worker and the American economy.
19,940 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study investigates the impact of outsourcing specifically on white collar workers in the high-tech industry, who are increasingly becoming more affected by the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing. The author reports that the methodology for the study was a questionnaire, using a 7 point Likert scale, which was sent to 65 randomly selected computer programmers employed in the U.S. at Microsoft, Cisco and Apple. The paper indicated that the quantitative research and the literature review conclude that outsourcing is a serious issue, which impacts American workers and the American economy; however, it is clear that the practice of outsourcing is here to stay. The paper includes the questionnaire and many quotations, tables, figures and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Globalization
Politics of Offshore Outsourcing
Trends in Offshore Outsourcing
Most Popular Countries for Offshore Outsourcing
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on the American Worker
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on White-Collar American Workers
The Impact of Outsourcing on the American Economy
Security and Cultural Barriers Associated with Offshore Outsourcing
The Future of offshore Outsourcing
Methodology
Methodology Overview
Methodology Survey
Subject Population
Data Collection
Organization of the Study
Results
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications
Appendix
Survey
Letter Sent to the Appropriate Managerial Personnel
Low Labor Cost Chart
Number of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Projected to Shift Offshore
Share of Projected American Jobs Moving Offshore
Workers Displaced From and Reemployed in Full-Time Wage and Salary Jobs
Hourly Compensation Costs
Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers
Employment Cost Index
Employer Cost for Employee Compensation
From the Paper
"The literature review asserts that a great deal of the focus on outsourcing began as a purely political issue. The literature review indicates that politicians used the slowdown in the labor market, to assert that the cause of the slowdown was offshore outsourcing. The literature review also found that many major media outlets had many reports on the topic of outsourcing, which may have distorted the true facts concerning the nature of outsourcing on workers and the economy. On the other hand, many years after that election, offshore outsourcing seems to be an issue for many American workers."
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The U.K. Budget Hotel Sector, 2007.
This paper is a complete research project using a case study approach to investigate performance measurement practices in the U.K. budget hotel sector.
12,400 words (approx. 49.6 pages), 33 sources, APA, $ 238.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, in recent years, the concept of a "budget hotel" in the U.K. has changed so that today many of these less-expensive hotels are virtually indistinguishable from many of their more upscale and expensive counterparts. The author points out that the research focuses on major areas of hotel management including (a) overall performance, (b) employee performance, (c) customer satisfaction, (d) financial performance and (e) what innovative measures are being used to increase performance measure. The paper concludes that the Premier and Express by Holiday Inn were identified as the two front runners in the U.K. budget hotel industry and that these chains reached this performance level with careful attention to trends in the marketplace and the needs and wants of their guests. The paper includes several figures and tables, quotations, a complete questionnaire and the reporting of survey data.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Research Questions
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Overview of Hotel Industry Categories of Service
Limited-service mid-scale hotels
Budget Hotels
Recent Trends in the Budget Hotel Industry
Overview of Budget Hotels in the UK Today
Performance Measures
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Documentation Collection
Survey
Sampling
Reliability and Validity
Rationale in Support of Methodology
Data Analysis
Case Studies: Premier Travel Inn UK and Express by Holiday Inn UK
Premier Travel Inn
Stock Performance for Whitbread: March 2006 to Date
Key Financial Metrics for Whitbread: 2001-2005
Whitbread Net Operating Revenues versus Net Profit: 2001-2005
Whitbread Earnings Per Share: 2001-2005
Whitbread Earnings Per Share: 2001-2005
Express by Holiday Inn
Amenities and benefits featured by Express by Holiday Inn in the UK
Financial Metrics Reported by Express by Holiday Inn in the UK
Intercontinental Hotels Group plc (IHG)
Other Performance Metrics Reported by Express by Holiday Inn in the UK
Representative Google Search Engine Results for "Hotel," "London"
Survey of Express and Premier Hotel Management:
Summary and Conclusions
Summary
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Middle upscale hotels are also able to lower rates during times of adverse economic environments. Many of these hotels have found it to their mutual advantage to engage in strategic partnerships with organizations such as the American Association of Retired Persons and the Automobile Association of America by offering discounts during off-season periods or during adverse economic periods. All-suite middle upscale hotels include AmeriSuites (Howard Johnson), Embassy, Guest Quarters, Hawthorne, Homewood, Lexington, and Residence Inn by Marriott."
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Qualitative Research and the World Health Organization, 2007.
This paper looks at the qualitative research methods used by the World Heath Organization.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the World Health Organization makes use of qualitative as well as quantitative research to address problems such as malaria containment and the health and psychological consequences of the tsunami in East Asia. The paper points out the different approaches to conducting qualitative research that were employed in the malaria and tsunami studies.
From the Paper
"Interviewers are trained "to assess the specific control interventions planned" for different countries in the area of malaria containment ("Training workshop on Methods for Evaluation of Pilot Intervention Studies of the Malaria Control for Ethnic Minorities in the Greater Mekong Subregion Project," 2006, WHO). Persons in the field are also trained so WHO can deploy both "qualitative and quantitative methods" and a drive to recruit local interviewers is crucial because currently access to such anecdotal data is limited, "especially in qualitative methods"."
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E-Learners, 2007.
This paper is a research proposal to identify the differences in the motivation orientations, age and demographic factors of successful learners and poor learners in an e-learning environment.
7,010 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 62 sources, APA, $ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, if e-learning administrators and faculty were able to identify specific characteristics, including potential motivation orientations that contribute to successful learner choices, they would be better equipped to properly align current and prospective students with appropriate e-learning courses and programs and thereby increase students' chances for educational success. The author proposes a quantitative causal comparative study using inferential statistical analysis. The paper points out that five independent variables are motivation orientations, family status, employment status, financial status and age group and the one defendant variable is academic performance. The paper includes figures, charts, tables and a survey.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Questions
Literature Review
Motivation Orientation
Family Status
Employment Status
Financial Status
Age
Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Orientation
Hypothesis
Methodology
Research Design
Measures
Study Population
Data Collection Tools
Variables - Independent and Dependent Variables
Statistical Analysis
Appendix A: Items and Factor Loadings for the Intrinsic Motivation Scale
Appendix B: Items and Factor Loadings for the Extrinsic Motivation Scale
Appendix C: Survey
From the Paper
"Students are motivated to learn because of extrinsic motivation or intrinsic motivation. Academic intrinsic motivation is a factor that is essential for college success. A large number of students carry out education to or past the college level. The motivations behind such academic persistence vary across many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Many college students find that their level of motivation is not sufficient enough to guide them in carrying out their academic careers. Motivation to learn can be extrinsic motivation or intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is an involvement as a means to an end. Intrinsic motivation is an involvement for its own sake. A survey will be used to determine the motivation orientations."
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Qualitative Research, 2007.
This paper explores methods of qualitative research.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that qualitative research offers the possibility of formulating certain assumptions that can be validated through quantitative research. The paper examines focus group research, in-depth interviewing, participant observation and triangulation. The paper explains why qualitative research has several advantages over the quantitative method of research.
From the Paper
"One of the most important qualitative information sources is the focus group research method. The focus group interview was used for the first time in the 1930s by Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton, who used it in World War II. The focus group represents a free discussion between an independent moderator and a small group of people (6 - 10 people), invited for this purpose. The discussion, which is focused on a well determined issue, may last between two and five hours and is recorded both audio and video, in order to identify the speaker and also to observe people's different reactions when certain opinions are being expressed. The interviewed people must have a series of common demographic traits (age, gender, occupation), as well as a high degree of homogeneity related to the discussion's main issue."
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Teaching Literacy, 2007.
This paper is a research proposal, including an extensive literature review, to evaluate the professional development training for teachers of literacy education in a rural school.
10,075 words (approx. 40.3 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 203.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that effective and continuing professional development for teachers is critical to successful student literacy programs in elementary schools. The author points out that the ability to measure the results of professional development programs and activities designed to improve student literacy achievement is a challenging task. The paper states that the proposed study uses an evaluative research methodology to determine the worth of the product, procedure, program or curriculum, which has been put into place for literacy teaching in rural schools.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Nature and Significance of the Problem
Literature Review
What Makes an Effective Teacher?
High Expectations
Knowledge
Instructional Knowledge
Classroom Management
Commitment
Motivations and Intensive Interactions as Part of the Teacher's Responsibility
The Interventions
Challenges Facing the Teachers
School Reforms
Assessing the Impact of Professional Development
Research Proposal Objectives
Research Questions
Methodology
Research Instruments
Summary
From the Paper
"In terms of organization, rules and procedures should be developed in conjunction with teaching strategies that help students meet their personal and academic needs. Meanwhile, effective communication is the foundation for good classroom management. Communication skills can be divided into two categories: sending skills (used when speaking to someone) and receiving (techniques for becoming a more effective listener). To successfully communicate, a teacher must learn to do some suggested methods."
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Highly Attractive Models in Advertising, 2007.
A look at the negative effects associated with using highly attractive models for advertising beauty products.
3,083 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the use of highly attractive models (HAMS) for advertising beauty products and attempts to settle the question that has plagued the advertising industry and their clients of whether HAMS may actually have a negative impact on the viewer rather than a positive one. The paper sets the research objectives and explores the theoretical basis for the proposal. It also applies the theories to advertising in both the print and television media and examines the research model including key constructs and relationships.
Outline:
Background
Significance
Research Objectives
Theoretical Background
Research Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Several theories can be used to explain how people view models in both television and magazine ads. The most well-known is Festinger's social comparison theory, which is the foundation of modern advertising theory. Festinger (1954) introduced the theory that humans possess an innate drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing them to the opinions and abilities of others. According to this theory, people only evaluate themselves against others that are similar to themselves. If the model is viewed as too different, then they will not use them for social comparison. Stuart Hall introduced the idea that the audience could attribute several possible meanings to the message conveyed by the media and that this message is influenced by the context and cultural background of the receiver (Tomlinson, 1991). "
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Computer-Supported-Collaborative-Learning (CSCL) Tools, 2007.
A research study on the impact that computer-supported-collaborative-learning (CSCL) tools have on the teaching of history.
15,030 words (approx. 60.1 pages), 108 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research study focuses on understanding the impact that the use of computer-supported-collaborative-learning (CSCL) tools have on the outcomes relating to the critical thinking skills of the student and the attitude that the student has toward the study of history as well as the achievement of the student in history class. This paper makes a general assessment of the impact that CSCL tools have on the development of the student's critical thinking in history education. More specifically, this research provides a cognitive map where future research efforts can be drawn so that the use of technology such as the CSCL tool will be facilitated during learning in history education. The research also specifically examines the extent of the effectiveness of scaffolding critical thinking process using a CSCL tool along with primary sources, to engage secondary school students in studying history.
Table of Content:
Problem Statement - History Education in schools
Dialogic Approach for Critical Thinking Lessons in History
Argumentation as a Dialogic Approach in History Education
Dialogic approach via Computer-Supported Collaborative Argumentation
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Introduction
Literature Review
Argumentation Defined
Three Perspectives of Argumentation
Argumentation - Role in Problem-Solving
Three Perspectives of Argumentation
Argumentation Role in Problem-Solving
Argumentation through Computer Supported Collaboration
Literature Review of CSCL
Online Learning Model
Assessment of Online Learning
Emergence of Theories of CSCL
Scaffolding with CSCL Tools
Tools for Collaboration
Effects of CSCL on Learning and Achievement
Advances in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning
Summary of Literature Reviewed
Research Design
Research Questions
Research Approach
Data Sources, Collection and Analysis
Schedule for the Research
Proposed Schedule and Procedure
Appendixes
Pre-Test Survey/Questionnaire
Post-Test Survey/Questionnaire
From the Paper
"Despite the effectiveness of rubrics in assessing students' learning, developing an adequate rubric for a given course discussion requires time and multiple revisions. Primary consideration in developing a discussion, grading rubric identifies and establishes the goal or goals of the discussion. For example, some instructors want to use on-line discussion to help students learn argumentation techniques, whereas others might be more interested in students coming to consensus on a topic. Evidently different assessment rubrics would be needed to encourage each. "
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