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The Origins and Development of Judaism, 2008.
Argues that Karen Armstrong's "mythos vs. logos" thesis, as presented in her books "The Battle for God" and "A Short History of Myth", provides the best explanation for the origins and development of Judaism.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Karen Armstrong's "mythos vs. logos" thesis demonstrates convincingly why the ancient Israelites rejected prevailing pagan beliefs and came to believe in Yahweh as the only God and as the creator of the world. The author points out that Jewish religious doctrine emerged and evolved in response to this initial acceptance of monotheism, which in early Hebrew doctrine identified the special role of the Jews as God's chosen people and which relied significantly upon mythos. The paper relates that myths of ancient cultures were absorbed into religions, such as Judaism, Islam and Christianity, thus providing a means for human beings to understand the unseen forces in the world around them. The author relates that Armstrong emphasizes that, despite the great importance of mythos, logos came to be almost equally influential in the development of Judaism.
From the Paper
"Despite the influence of logos, mythos was the primary influence on the origins of Judaism. Armstrong clarifies, however, that mythic accounts in the Hebrew bible should not be misunderstood as an attempt to write history, for myths have never been intended to be objective truth, nor have they been accepted as such. Unfortunately, the purpose of myth has been widely misunderstood in our modern era, for the conflict between logos and mythos has generated misguided perceptions that mythos requires proof of the existence of Yahweh or Allah or Jesus Christ."
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Role of Women in the Church, 2008.
This paper discusses whether female egalitarianism in the Church is undermining the leadership of the Church by contradicting the scriptures of the Bible.
2,968 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this study, the writer presents a critical review of the arguments surrounding the egalitarian position of women in church. Ideally the idea is to get an understanding of whether the necessary hypothesis is grounded in the scriptures of the Bible. More importantly, the writer maintains that there has to be a critical review of whether the egalitarian approach is simply an adaptation of changes in society as it relates to gender roles. The writer questions if the Church is imitating how society treats women. If this is the case, the writer argues that it should be that society imitates the church's value and leadership structure. The writer discusses what the Bible has to say about the issue.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Working Outline: Structure & Dissertation Categories
From the Paper
"The egalitarian position as presented by Datu is that, since the Bible teaches that all people are created and should be equal, then the Church has a duty to advocate gender equality and equity in churches, and more so in church leadership . Many theorists ground the general egalitarian movement in the foundations and teachings of Jesus Christ, and other New Testament principles. Datu highlights the fact that female egalitarianism is a necessary prerequisite for the success of the church, since the role of women cannot be undermined. Datu also shows that the current opposition of the movement is due to societal pressure and that the historical process shows that female egalitarianism and female leadership in the church was not uncommon in past periods, however cultural prejudices and defined gender roles in society, have created an atmosphere that not affects female leadership in the church."
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Muhammad, Medina and the Jews, 2008.
This paper discusses the treatment of Jews in the establishment of a state in Medina.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the 6th century, Muhammad moved to Medina in order to get away from the Meccans, who were tormenting him. This was a turning point in Muhammad's life, and gave rise to the first Islamic communities. The writer then discusses that in Medina, there were several Jewish communities and there is much disagreement and controversy concerning the relationship between Muhammad and the Jews. The writer looks at the issues of who were the umma referred to in the Constitution of Medina and the definition of the umma. The writer also discusses whether Muhammad's raids on the Medinan Jews were contrary to the spirit of Islam. As is shown in the paper, different scholars have offered differing interpretations, such that it is difficult to be clear on these issues.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, al-Waqidi does not describe this relationship of integration and proselytizing. Yet Ibn Ishaq argues that some good experiences had convinced Muhammad that the Jews could in fact be included in an umma with the Muslims. Unfortunately, this was not to be. Even if there was as much integration and cooperation as Ibn Ishaq believes, it was very short-lived. Religious conflicts caused the Jews to turn away from Muhammad, while Faizer notes that Muhammad's symbolic turning of his qibla from Jerusalem to Mecca indicates that the feelings of antipathy were mutual."
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Voodoo, 2008.
A brief discussion of Voodoo as a religion and whether it deserves its bad reputation.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Voodoo is unjustly maligned by those who perceive it to be some kind of primitive tribal rite calling for the death of enemies and for the raising of the dead to serve as slaves. It looks at how in truth, the religion is highly sophisticated and is very effective at tying African youth to their past and at encouraging communal living. The paper relates that, in the end, the religion stands out as an example of how the mainstream media can sensationalize a faith or practice without providing the proper context
From the Paper
"Another popular perception that is false is the idea that voodoo is somehow associated with Hollywood-style things like "The Zombie." Some online articles suggest, maybe facetiously, that rumors still circulate in the mainstream about voodoo priests being able to bring individuals back from the dead, whereupon they become zombies ("Voodoo," n.d.). Whether or not this attitude is as pervasive as some suggest, there is no denying that voodoo religion takes a very keen interest in the intersection between life and death. However, voodoo does not kill anyone - although it comes closer than some of its defenders might be comfortable disclosing."
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Religion and the Media in Nigeria, 2008.
An analysis of the reasons for and effects of the intersection between religion and the media in Nigeria.
1,183 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the intersection of religion and the media in Nigeria. It shows how the effect of the fundamentalism and conservatism in religion can be felt in nearly all forms of the media in Nigeria, but primarily in television and newspapers, which account for the majority of the media productions in the nation. The paper discusses the reasons for and effects of this intersection between religion and the media.
From the Paper
"In short, the Nigerian media faces significant pressure and limitations on independence from religious and political groups, including fundamentalist Muslims. Islamic influences, particularly in the broadcast media and the print media, have resulted in religiously inspired television programming, sensationalized newspaper articles, and fatwas calling for the death of "offensive" journalists. In any sufficiently modern nation, the freedom of the press from just this kind of influence and control should be sacrosanct. It is a basic freedom that permits religious and political intolerance from erupting into major conflicts and violence. Unfortunately, in Nigeria the independence of the media is severely limited and the influence of religious groups, including fundamentalist Muslims, has affected the kind of media that is produced and the public's reaction to it."
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Including Children in Celebrating the Eucharist, 2008.
An analysis of the history of the Eucharist and a discussion over the advantages and disadvantages of including children in its celebration.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Eucharist, the rite that Christians perform as part of their liturgy marking the liturgical re-enactment of Christ's actions at the Last Supper. The paper explores the origins and history of this rite and discusses the benefits and negative aspects of including children in the celebration. The paper then argues that it is very important that children participate in its celebration.
From the Paper
"These questions are revealing of both the curiosity of the children, and the lack of adequate preparation that they were given regarding the rite that they would perform later that day. It is likely that the majority of children experiencing First Communion possess similar questions which, unlike these children's questions, probably go unanswered. It may be argued that full participation in the Eucharist should be accompanied by better teaching of children as to the significance of the Eucharist. This should be expressed not simply in theological terms but, as one of Benedict's questioners asked, in terms of their "everyday life" as well. A fuller understanding of the Eucharist will allows this children to participate on a deeper level in the Eucharist, and thereby mature into fuller lives as Christian adults."
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Renaissance Christianity, Natural Disasters and Witchcraft, 2008.
A look at how Christians throughout Europe responded to natural disasters and the ways in which they contributed to certain widespread notions of eschatology.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Christians, during the late medieval period and the proto-modern period before the advent of the Enlightenment, responded to disasters by seeking out scapegoats and attributing them to something they had done to incur the wrath of God. The paper points out that the determination to find scapegoats for pestilence or crop failure invariably led to the witch hunts that extended over a period encompassing roughly seven centuries, from about the thirteenth century until well into the nineteenth century. To better understand this phenomenon, the paper examines the eschatological assumptions of the age. The paper concludes that Christian eschatology had the effect, for many centuries, of convincing large numbers of Europeans that the return of the Almighty was near and that righteous Christians would fortify their souls by rooting out those who were heretical, unfaithful, and responsible for unnatural natural disasters.
From the Paper
"Between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries, it is estimated that one million people in Europe were executed for witchcraft. Additionally, those witchcraft trials which have survived the passage of time appear to have frequently been conducted by ecclesiastical (Christian) courts. In the earliest trials, the institution of the Church took the lead role; by the end of the aforementioned period, it appears as though the Church was rarely, if ever, involved. In any case, whatever the amount of blame one wishes to affix to the European Christian Church, it would be inaccurate to suggest that only religious factors - however important - determined the actions of Europeans when confronted with a meteorological crisis they could not understand."
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Taixu and Modern Chinese Zen Buddhism, 2008.
An analysis of the efforts of Buddhist activist monk, Taixu, to improve Buddhism and life in China.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and influence of the Buddhist activist monk, Taixu. It describes how he was profoundly affected by China's experience of World War I and the suffering of ordinary Chinese and what he did to improve the situation. In particular, the paper discusses how Taixu improved Buddhism, in order to improve the life of ordinary people in China.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Improving Buddhism, Improving China
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"What was observed as a New Buddhist Movement in China after the Communist Revolution of 1949 was still remarked upon by observers and associated with Taixu after his death. (See Callahan 1952) Taixu had hoped for a Buddhism that was national, transnational, public and populist, as needed well educated and otherwise prepared monks and outlets suiting lay people who wanted to create an improved society. Taixu could not imagine what lay in store for the Chinese in the decades after his death. In 1950, his disciplines saw his writings published, and then all things of the kind were steadily discouraged. In 1989, there was renewed interest in Taixu and his followers, in a rather glorified rendition of Taixu, despite his failure to ever gain leadership of the Chinese Buddhist Association. The regime backed several volumes of his works that were reprinted in various languages, as though the People's Republic of China had never opposed its spiritual authorities, the competing network in the Buddhist establishment."
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Catholic Church Music and Gregorian Chant, 2008.
A look at the development of the Gregorian chant and the important role it plays in church music.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a historical background to the Gregorian chant, an important musical style that came to represent all holy occasions by putting poetry to music, and charts its development through the years. The paper then discusses and describes four hymns that are still used today: Stabat Mater Dolorosa or "Our Lady of Sorrows", Pange Lingua Gloriosi or "Sing, My Tongue, the Saviour's Glory", Victimae Paschali Laudes or "May you praise the Paschal Victim", and Veni Creator Spiritus or "Come Holy Spirit, Creator Blest".
From the Paper
"By the Sixth Century, when Gregory was a Monk, there were already many, many chants in use. He gathered and collected these. In those days monks often wrote their own hymns or adapted earlier versions they had heard in other monasteries. The result is that there was already many different kinds chant. For example in the 4th Century Mozarabic chant developed in Spain. We get Ambrosian chant for St. Ambrose in Milan and Gallican chant from "Gallic" France. There are even chants from Ethiopia in Africa. Over time many different styles of chants developed and found their way into daily mass and special services for festivals or holidays. (Hope, 2007) Sometimes this style was also used for non-church music as well. (Music-for-Church-Choirs.com)
"Gregorian chant is also known as "plainchant" from the French "plein chant" which means "full singing." (Music-for-Church-Choirs.com) By the time of Gregory different chants had been connected with or written for most all special events. We don't know the names of most of the early chant composers, but we do know that many intended for specific Sundays or feast days were composed between the 5th and 8th Centuries. (Ex. Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Offertorio and Communio). Many of those commonly heard in mass today like the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo or Sanctus were composed later, between the 9th and 12th Centuries. (Hope, 2007)"
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The Holy Spirit, 2008.
This paper discusses the Holy Spirit in the role of guidance.
1,214 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at the topic of the Holy Spirit and notes that the Holy Spirit plays a vital role in the lives of Christians. The writer notes that the Holy Spirit guides, teaches, and protects. The writer also points out that for a chaplain, the role of the Holy Spirit is two-fold because a chaplain not only is in charge of the worship service, but the chaplain also counsels individuals and families. The writer maintains that the Holy Spirit helps the chaplain in these roles as a spiritual leader.
Outline:
Abstract
The Holy Spirit in the Life of the Believer
The Holy Spirit
The Role of the Holy Spirit in the Christian Life
Holy Spirit Convicts
Holy Spirit in Every Day Life
The Holy Spirit Protects
Holy Spirit as a Comforter
The Holy Spirit Teaches
The Holy Spirit in the Life of a Chaplain
From the Paper
"In order for the chaplain to be used by God, the chaplain must rely on the Holy Spirit for guidance.
"Chaplains must have a good relationship with God and the Holy Spirit. A chaplain must allow the Holy Spirit to guide, teach, comfort, and protect in his or her own life. Having a good relationship with God enables the chaplain to help others. Sometimes the words the chaplain says to others will make the difference in life and death. Military people rely on the chaplain to guide them and to help them understand the promises of God."
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Messianic Psalms, 2008.
A discussion of the various types of psalms in the Book of Psalms, focusing on the messianic psalms.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Book of Psalms. It describes the history of different psalms within the book and looks at the naming of different groups of the psalms. The paper specifically focuses on the messianic psalms and names the different types of messianic psalms that are found in the book. The paper also discusses that several of the psalms predict the life of Jesus.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Book of Psalms
The History of Psalms
Different Types of Psalms
Messianic Psalms
From the Paper
"The authors of these psalms went through similar experiences, but they also tell about how the life of Jesus including the suffering and death of Jesus. Psalm 22 tells about the antagonism and malice the crowd felt toward Jesus (Jackson, 2003). Psalm 22 tells how Jesus dies a humiliating death on the cross. The psalm even tells about the mockery of Jesus (Long, 2006). The resurrection is told about in Psalm 22: 18 and Psalm 68 tells about how he ascends into heaven. When studying the Psalms, it is important to remember that some of the Psalms apply to the author and to Jesus, while other Psalms are predictions about Jesus."
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Korean History: A Comparison of Accounts, 2008.
This paper evaluates competing written accounts of the status of women in a specific period of Korean history.
2,209 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the perspective of four different authors on the era dating from approximately 892 until around 1592 on the Korean Peninsula, in order to highlight how biased historical explanation actually is. The paper examines a text published by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO in Seoul, Roger Tennant's book "A History of Korea," Martina Deuchler's "The Confucian Transformation of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology" and Han Hee-sook's journal article "Women's Life during the Choson Dynasty". The paper concludes that Martina Deuchler's book offers the richest analysis and most persuasive historical account of the changing status of Korean women.
Outline:
Introduction
Broadly Comparing Historical Accounts
Complex Accounts of Korean women: Deuchler and Han
Chinyeong
Kyongguk Taejon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However this project demands a much closer focus in order to be effective as an exercise in historical comparison. Therefore, we will look specifically at the issue of how and why the status of women changed in Korea from Silla times through to early Choson. This examination will not be a simple narrative of the social shifts that impacted the lives of Korean women during this time period. Rather, we will identify different explanations of why that change occurred, and consider different statements about which changes were the most important. It will become clear that various authors bring their own ideological agenda to the telling of history, and that the act of omission constitutes a major tool in shaping the events of the past."
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Islamic Architecture, 2008.
An analysis of the ways in which Islamic architecture has influenced the architectural styles of other religions.
2,936 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the origins of the distinctly Islamic architectural style. The paper begins by discussing Islamic history and then goes on to discuss how Islamic architecture has set a standard for religious architecture that has influenced other religious groups and contributed to various architectural styles evident to this day. Additionally, the paper also discusses how Islamic architecture has more recently been influenced by the West, not for religious architecture, but for office buildings and residential units.
From the Paper
"In the Islamic tradition, the idea of the dome was developed with religious connotations. The first centralized Ottoman mosque was created at Diyarbakir in 1521 with four semi-domes and not mere vaults. The four corner areas are surmounted by four small cupolas, while the central dome is supported on four piers. This is the logical conclusion to the mosques of earlier times. The squareness of the mosque at human level represents earthliness, and the domes represent the heavens, much as the square and the circle do in Chinese architecture. The two-centered arch forms a spiritual limbo in the design. The interior is spacious and well-lit, another reference to the heavens (Goodwin 178)."
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Helping the People in the Darfur Region of Sudan, 2008.
An examination of the assistance and hope that the Christian Mission can give to the people in the Darfur region of Sudan.
2,398 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need to take the news to the people of the Darfur Region in Sudan that they will be saved. The paper is written from the point of view of the Christian Mission and what it believes God means for the people in that region. It looks at the history of the conflict in the area and how the Christian Mission can help to bring aid and peace to the area.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Background to the Crisis in the Darfur Region of the Sudan, in Africa
Historical Background to the Conflict in Darfur
Lack of International Response Creates Gap for Christian Response and Mission Work
U.N. and Other Actions to Date:
Aid to the Area
Helping to Bring Peace - the Role of the Christian Mission over the Next Five Years
Developing Partnerships to Ensure the Upliftment of the Oppressed People Groups in the Darfur Region
The People who will be Saved - "Make known among the nations what He has done" (Isaiah 12:4)
Long term Vision: What Would it be Like if Everything God Desires for the People of Darfur were to Blossom in the Next Twenty-Five Years?
From the Paper
"The Christian Mission should develop many partnerships, to ensure that it can be truly effective in the long term in this area. Suggested partners would be the UN World Food Program, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Doctors Without Borders, the U.S. Agency for International Development, Amnesty International, the International Crisis Group, and the World Health Organization. The Christian Mission can in fact learn from these partners, as many of them are already well aware of the extreme health and other problems in the area that need to be addressed. In addition, the Christian Mission should be aware of a rapidly growing movement advocating for humanitarian intervention in several countries. People and organizations that are part of this movement can be approached as sources of funding to help the Christian Mission achieve its goals in this region."
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Self-hood in Daoism and Buddhism, 2008.
An analysis of the sense of self in Daoism and Buddhism and how that compares to the sense of self in Western cultures.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Asian, Chinese or Buddhist personality in contrast with an allegedly consistent Western sense of self or pattern of socialization. The paper looks at the similarities and differences in Western and Eastern conceptions of the self and socialization, while it specifically refers to Daoism and Buddhism. The paper concludes by addressing whether there is a Daoist or Buddhist sense of self.
From the Paper
"If Daoism and Buddhism in Chinese society have both encouraged self-regulation and placing the self within the group or the cosmological environment, in the West, there has been a progression towards self-expression and self-direction away from past restraints in obligations to others or a surrounding system. All of these ideas are fascinating to think through but, as Douglas Allen argued in assessing various perspectives in Asian and Western concepts of self and their influences, the personality is not one thing. (1997 140) What Allen criticized as a monolithic notion of the personality or self, anywhere in the world has given way to awareness of how the self is exercised or presented in different settings. For instance, whatever may be argued of the Daoist, Buddhist or Christian or secular Western self needs to be more evaluated in terms of the particular setting. Socialization and different social settings stand to tell us a great deal of a changing, adaptable self, East and West, which adjusts to particular situations."
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Clash of Consumer Rights and Religious Freedom, 2008.
A discussion regarding the clash of consumer rights and religious and which has priority.
877 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article the clash of consumer rights and religious freedom is discussed. The paper relates that the issue is framed in the two articles discussed in the paper, which look at decisions by Muslims in the United States not to perform certain tasks that are part of their jobs. The writer notes that this issue extends far beyond this religious group or a specific issue and has been argued most often recently in terms of Christian pharmacists who do not want to fill certain prescriptions because they are opposed to birth control and abortifacents. The writer points out that America is a country that supports religious freedom, but all freedoms have some limitations when the rights of others are being infringed. The writer argues that given the way the needs of each side are being characterized, consumer rights take priority over religious freedom.
From the Paper
"In truth, the religious freedom of the Muslims is not being curtailed at all. No one has said they cannot worship as they please, and no one is saying they have to act in a way that runs counter to their beliefs. What they are saying is that Muslims can exercise their right freely in their own domain, but in the public arena of commerce, they cannot decide to change the nature of commerce to make it more Islamic. For one thing, while religious freedom is a right, having a specific job is not a right. Employers can always place certain requirements on an employee as to how the job is to be performed and in fact has the right to fire an employee for any reason, at least in most circumstances, though a contract or union agreement might change this situation. This places the power in the hands of the employer so that the employer could insist that its cab drivers carry all passengers, or that its clerks be able to perform all tasks on the goods sold and for the benefit of the customers served."
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Japanese Religious Ethic, 2008.
An analysis of the religious character of the Japanese in everyday society.
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Japanese religious characteristics within the context of the rapidly evolving Asia-Pacific Rim in terms of culture and society. It discusses how Japanese society can be thought of as very religious to the degree that its religions are intertwined with its cultural roots, making them influential even if not consciously practiced. The paper also discusses how, politically, Japan has a tendency to restate history in terms that bring various elements of its society and culture into line with the official conception of homogeneity that is essentially a worldview based on Shinto heritage.
From the Paper
"Japanese cultural resistance to outside influence is all the more surprising given that it itself, though most Japanese would never acknowledge this, was formed through the amalgamation of various cultures and societies in the region. Japan is an archipelago or island nation which is a geography that is conducive to developing a variety of localized cultures and languages: "It cannot be denied, however, that, from past to present, Japan has come into being as a multicultural society through the complex interaction of various cultures...". The researcher intent on illuminating the religious character of the Japanese will understand this rational dichotomy between self-conception and actuality and use it to commercial or interpersonal advantage. "
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The Dynamics of Christianity around the World, 2008.
This paper discusses the patterns by which twenty-five countries experienced the arrival of Christianity.
4,295 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whether a person's experience of Christianity is evangelical or just awareness of ancestors who long ago adopted the religion, there is often the idea of Christianity as a catalyst for positive change. The author points out that the theme of monotheism as superior and as a marker of civilization combines well with other stabilizing projects wherever Christianity is taken. The paper relates that, if a religion favors one god that values humble efforts at getting along with others, a powerful personal philosophy for dignity can be found in situations of poverty and perhaps extreme oppression. The author underscores that, in the early 21st century, the same cycle of Christian myths and allegories continues even in a world that seems more secular, devoted to a religion of consumerism. The paper states that the early 21st century is dramatized as a time of Muslim and Christian activism, including theories of colliding civilizations, religions and cultures; however, this situation has become merely as politicized as they were in the Middle Ages. The paper describes Christianity in several countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
In the Beginning
One God Better
Underdogs, Again
Christian Myths
Christian Beginnings
Into the Present
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"The New Testament repeats the message of God preferring the humble of the earth, forgiving every kind of human sin if an individual, of any kind, makes a genuine effort to turn over a new leaf. The New Testament appends the letters of Paul, a reprobate turned Christian, who went to tell Gentiles of the good news, the divine nature of the departed Jesus and the hope that he offered to ordinary people. A favorite Christian theme, in keeping with its roots in Judaism and what came later in Islam, is the superiority of one god above polytheistic religions."
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