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Truman's and Clinton's Health Care Reform, 2002.
An examination and comparison of the health care reform politics during the administrations of President Clinton and President Truman.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines, compares and contrasts the two presidents? health care reform efforts and their successes and failures. It discusses the many social and political factors involved with each of the presidents? attempts at health care reform.
From the Paper
"The party line politics have always been influential in the development of policy in the United States, and the issue of health care reform was no exception. While the federal administrations of Harry Truman and Bill Clinton grappled with the debate over the nation?s healthcare system the state administrations lined up on either side of the debate.
Truman was well known during his reign as president to push for health care reform. Truman wanted the nation to adopt a one size fits all type of health care policy that would allow all Americans to receive healthcare regardless of societal, or socioeconomic status. His idea was not only shot down but he was accused of designing an communist based plot to begin the change of American from a Democratic body to one of dictatorship. The scare tactic worked and the idea of Universal Health care was quickly extinguished(Kazi, 1994). "
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American Foreign Policy ? The Drug War, 2002.
This paper looks at whether the United States should maintain its current policy on drugs.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
An examination of America's Foreign Policy which tries to reduce foreign drug production and trafficking discussing why many people see the current policy as flawed. The author portrays the arguments for continuing with the current policy concluding that it has been more of a failure than a success.
From the Paper
"The current U.S. drug policy is being questioned by many. They see the need to make basic changes in the way it is implemented. The U.S which is seen as an example in law enforcement is sometimes viewed as unsuccessful when it comes to its drug policy, especially in the way it is extended abroad. This policy is considered to be more wishful than practical."
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Workers Compensation Rehabilitation, 2002.
Cites the history of workers compensation in the United States and why it was created.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Explains the United States system of workers compensation, the process of workers compensation that existed prior to the current system, the criteria that must be met by an employee before he can make a claim for workers compensation, and the benefits now offered by the system. Also discussed are some of the problems of the current workers compensation system.
From the Paper
"For example, typical legal language states that in order for an injury to be covered, the harm suffered by the employee must have been caused by an "accidental personal injury arising out of and in the course of employment." Those few words, in this example from the Maryland Worker?s Compensation law, are the subject of many court decisions and interpretations. Not all injuries are covered by a Workers' Compensation Law even if the injury happened "on the job." Just because a person is hurt "while working," "on the job" or "at work" may not be enough for the insurance to apply."
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Granny Flats, 2002.
An examination of the rules and regulations regarding granny flats in California.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how granny flats, a colloquial term often used for accessory second dwelling units, are best described as the converted use of space in a residential home into a small apartment. It examines how in California most often this means converting part or all of a garage into an apartment or flat and how the advantages of converting the extra space into living units is often in providing a source of income for the owners of the house. It evaluates how the State of California requires that local governments allow second dwelling units in single-family districts. It looks at how granny flats mostly meet the same housing construction and safety codes of more traditional housing. It shows how they offer low-cost alternatives to apartments for those on a fixed income such as the elderly or those with disabilities who are receiving assistance. In addition they are an alternative to warehousing older generation Americans who cannot afford to live independently.
From the Paper
"Ordinances vary widely from city to city in the state. Many municipalities have tried in the past to severely regulate the use of granny flats by their residents. California Court of Appeal struck down just such an attempt in Santa Monica, which had an ordinance on the books that restricted, who can live in second units in single family residential zones. The court found that the ordinance it violated both privacy and equal protection rights. The ordinance restricted occupancy to dependents and caretakers. It was approved by the City Council at the urging of residents, in spite of legal warnings from attorneys as well as City staff."
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A Look at State and Local Government Issues, 2002.
This paper examines the challenges of writing public policy and looks at the advantages and disadvantages of strong and weak governorships.
1,959 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper discusses the challenges and problems of writing public policy for state and local governments. The next part of the paper discusses what state constitutional, legal and historic factors would contribute to making a state governor strong or weak in his role as executive branch leader. The final part paper cites examples of worst and best types of municipal taxation and what factors make them so.
From the Paper
"Public policymaking is often hard to describe. At best, the development can seem obscure to those on the outside of the process. And at its worst it can often seem underhanded, especially to those groups or individuals who felt they had contributions to make but were never offered the chance to make them. Of course, one can say this is the nature of politics in general, unfortunately politics has a negative connotation for many people."
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Collective Bargaining, 2002.
Examination of the collective bargaining process in state and local government according to John Piskulich in his book "Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments".
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of John Piskulich's book "Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments". The paper covers Piskulich's discussion of policymakers, the role of unions, the various dimensions of the bargaining process, the history of the policy making process and the obstacles policy makers face.
From the Paper
"In his book John Piskulich attempts to uncover why and how to manage collective bargaining. ?Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments? discusses how the collective bargaining process in the public sector has grown from a state of infancy to maturity. He makes note that policymakers are currently in a state of flux, constantly changing and modifying current regulations to keep up with the dynamic environments in which they work. John Piskulich emphasizes in his work that public-sector unions act as a significant force in operating government agencies."
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Nuclear Power, 2002.
A discussion of the arguments for and against nuclear power.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how nuclear power is one of the most divisive issues in America today and how opponents of nuclear power have succeeded in convincing people to oppose the construction of new plants and to fight the relicensing of old plants. It puts forth some of the arguments from both sides to support their positions and looks at issues such as the question of safety and need for nuclear power plants and the of storing nuclear waste. It analyzes how proponents of nuclear power present convincing arguments for the continued and expanded uses of nuclear power in this country and how they claim that the objections raised by opponents lack validity and are contrary to the facts and our experience.
From the Paper
"The opponents of nuclear power focus on the inherent lack of safety that they believe that the use of nuclear power entails. This includes both the dangers of radiation from nuclear power plants and the possibility of a catastrophic accident. First, the opponents say that radiation levels are higher in areas around nuclear power plants, and this leads to an increased number of deaths from cancer. They cite the case of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station in Plymouth, Massachusetts that went online in 1988. Responding to the concerns of local residents, the state conducted a study which found that there were fifty percent more cancer cases in the five towns around the plant than there were in the rest of the state. The power company had said that people in the area would receive 400 times less radiation from the plant than they would from natural sources. Further studies showed that the risk of getting cancer was four times higher for people living within ten miles of the plant than for other parts of the state. "
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Quasi-Public Privatized Spaces, 2002.
A discussion of the increase of quasi-public privatized spaces using Universal?s City Walk, Los Angeles as an example.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how public space should be democratically organized to support communal usage from people in all walks of life and how today access to true public space has become a scarcity. It evaluates how people are more commonly flocking to quasi-public privatized spaces such as Universal?s City Walk, which is representative of a typical sequestered quasi-public space. It looks at how it is surrounded by high fences, set high upon a hill, how visitors are required to follow strict guidelines and how their activity is monitored. It analyzes how the development of quasi-privatized spaces such as City Walk are more representative of a demoralizing and hierarchical society, where certain groups feel more privileged than others. It shows how by creating walled cities and gated communities, Americans are shutting themselves off and creating exclusive mini-communities, that have nothing to do with democracy and everything to do with exclusion.
From the Paper
"The creation of such quasi-public spaces are actually much more representative of the increasing paranoia that exists throughout the nation in urban cities like LA. Universal?s City Park was created for the purpose of expression of the ideas and desires of a small group of people, not representative of the community as a whole, inclusive in reality of vagabonds and the elite alike. Steven Flusty, in his work ?Building Paranoia? also describes the Park as a ?Jittery Space.?
He describes this as "space that cannot be utilized unobserved due to active monitoring by roving patrols and/or remote technologies feeding to security stations." People entering City Walk are subject to constant monitoring, whether on the walkways, in the shops or by the fountains. "
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Clinical Trials, 2002.
A discussion of clinical trial management practices in the United States and Europe.
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines clinical trial management practices and how they vary in the United States and Europe as a result of wide-ranging governmental bodies and regulations. It compares and contrasts the rules of the the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and its equivalent in Europe, the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA). In particular, it provides a brief analysis of several areas involved with oncology clinical trial management in the United States and Europe, including a discussion of medical ethics, the role of the Institutional Review Board in clinical trials, quality of life issues and health economics in oncology studies. It also looks at investigator attitudes towards clinical trials, clinical trial length, compliance and decisions regarding new drug applications (NDAs).
From the Paper
"Investigator attitudes towards clinical trials vary widely and are often dependent upon the investigator?s direct involvement in the clinical trial as well as the balance between routine patient care and clinical trial management. According to Abelson, Welch, and Lynch (86), ?In a trial, the clinician?s judgment carries a lot of weight. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration bases approval of drugs upon a clinician?s judgment of who should be in the trial, how to categorize adverse events, whether there is a drug interaction and the interpretation of specific parameters. These judgments are critical.? Investigators are ultimately responsible for all areas of the study, from recruitment and participant selection to event reporting and monitoring."
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Fund Raising for Non-Profit Organizations, 2002.
This paper looks closely at non-profit organizations, studying what makes an organization non-profit and how these organizations generate volunteers and raise funds.
2,113 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The writer asserts that it is not so easy to define non-profit. Typically non-profit organizations exist to improve societal conditions or to advance a specific cause; however, non-profit organizations are significantly diverse in size, origin, finances and types of activities. The paper looks at the difficulties in attaching the title 'non-profit' to an organization.
From the Paper
"According to Frances Hesselbein, president of the Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management there are 20 million non-profits worldwide, generating one trillion dollars USD in revenue annually; they change lives and build community and as such, represent a mighty force with immense capabilities. While nonprofit organizations enjoy a moral and philanthropic foundation of support based upon donors? views as to causes worthy of support from which to gather and dispense charitable resources, nonprofits do exist in a global marketplace. Only 27 percent of their revenue from private gifts, so their relationships with the business community are extensive. (Hammack and Young, 1993.)"
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News Media Accounts of Presidential Elections, 2002.
This paper looks at how the news media have fed a distorted image to the American public for years.
4,074 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the most recent American elections and the relationship between the candidates and the media, specifically the Clinton and Dole election campaigns of 1996. The paper also discusses how the candidates were treated by the news media.
From the Paper
"Life on the campaign trail has often been likened to life inside a bubble with journalists trapped inside a mechanism that doesn?t let much contact with the outside world filter through. Long days and long weeks of living within the campaign environment, following the schedules each candidate has laid out, taking pictures only when you are told it is okay to do so; as one author puts it journalists are ?invariably sucked in by the campaign?s gravitational pull, ever struggling with the loss of perspective that threatens to portray campaign news with a refracting lens.? In this one perspective journalists have historically been too involved in the campaign, and too controlled by it. News media, most prolifically the television news media, have been forced to rely heavily on the campaign for a good portion of their information. When a campaign is run with media savvy, knowing the restraints and deadlines journalists face, it is that much easier to get your candidate?s ?message? on the air."
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A Comparison of Modern Democracy and Classical Athenian Democracy, 2002.
This paper looks at several significant differences between modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The writer shows that even though the classical Athenian democracy was a major step forward in political thought, at its height there were still many areas in which it was decidedly unlike any democracy existing today. The paper divides these differences into three major categories: differences in who could vote, in the type of representation, and in the overall participation factor.
From the Paper
"One major and clearly recognizable difference is that in the Athenian democracy there was only a certain selected element of the population that was allowed to vote. This difference in voting behavior stems from the fact that the Athenian social and economic system was supportive of the suppression of groups of people according to gender and background in ways that are not acceptable in today?s western cultures."
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Public Interest, 2002.
A discussion of the decision-making considerations of public administrators.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how decision-making is an important process, which needs to consider many different viewpoints and interests and how in every sphere of private and public administration it is critical to take into account the interests of those who would be affected by a decision in order to be able to make the right decision. It evaluates how public administrators are more likely to encounter severe criticism if a decision goes wrong or is considered ineffective or self-serving than a private corporation and how a public administrator is therefore required to create awareness regarding the long-term effects of an action before it is claimed to be in public?s best interest. In other words, while actions taken under normative theoretical approach are easier to understand, those undertaken through other models may lead to confusion and conflict. It shows how effective communication and access to correct information can minimize the risks of such conflicts.
From the Paper
"This is because while private firms are answerable to the community and its own employers to a certain limited extent, the pubic organizations are accountable for every action as they claim to be making decisions in the public interest. However the concept of public interest is highly ambiguous and controversial in nature as public administrators are unable to define the term effectively. The inability to define public interest leads to many governance problems not to mention major and minor conflicts over the possible short and long-term effects of a certain decision."
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Solitary Confinement, 2002.
A discussion of the effects of solitary confinement on the criminal justice system of a just and moral society.
1,049 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the practice of confining a prisoner to a state prison offering only the most minimal of human contact remains as controversial as it is well-established. It looks at the history of the practice and analyzes how the reasoning behind the action often is described as being proactive but whether to protect the prisoner from harm at the hands of other inmates or to minimize his own potential for harming others, it cannot be denied that the step also represents a profound form of punishment. It puts forward the argument of how a nation which proudly bears the banner of ?human rights? when negotiating with other countries can continue to exercise an activity which, in the minds of many, is a very real form of psychological torture.
Outline
Introduction (Posing the Question)
Super-Max Prisons (Defining the Activity)
The Residents (Those Who Live In Solitary Confinement)
Cruel and Unusual? (Can We Afford to Continue?)
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of solitary confinement promoted its widespread use throughout the following centuries within the borders of the United States. There were occasional variations of the theme, such as in the early existence of the very famous Alcatraz Prison, where prisoners were allowed to physically associate but were strictly forbidden to speak to one another. But in general, the original blueprint remained the most widely-utilized model while evolving toward the exaggeration of the concept, the ?Super-Max? prisons. "
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Effective Communications Training, 2002.
A discussion of effective communications training in healthcare facilities.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, within the field of healthcare, there is an identifiable need to implement an effective form of communication and how personnel at all levels may need instruction for appropriate use of these communication skills. It summarizes how these facilities would allow for training which would implement communication technology such as, voicemail and email with acknowledgment, cellular telephones for mobile communication and improved support for role based contact and message screening. It looks at how the healthcare facility would benefit tremendously with greater communication and develop more successful relationships with their patients and how this training would prove to be cost effective and how the long term use of better communication would help all people involved to benefit from the use of effective communication skills.
From the Paper
"There currently is a need for individual healthcare workers to consider carefully the effects of their communication behavior on their own efficiency and effectiveness as well as on that of others. Ineffective communication behaviors may result in an interruptive work place, which possibly contribute to inefficiency in work practice. People working in the healthcare area are highly mobile during their working day. The mobility of staff and the difficulty contacting these "moving targets" suggest that support for mobility through the use of wireless technology, such as cellular telephones or pagers might be beneficial."
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Counseling, 2002.
A discussion on the differences between the American Association of Pastoral Counselors (AAPC), the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) and the American Counseling Association (ACA).
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the differences among the code of ethics of the organizations listed above. It examines how many of the divergent codes are attributable to the religious affiliation of the AAPC accompanied by the not-for-profit roots of religious organizations. It evaluates how religion appears in referral policies and attitudes about the imposition of values in the AACC and AAPC and how religion seems to underlie these group?s codes for therapist/client relationships and termination policies whereas the ACA is more liberal toward making profits as evidenced by policies regarding fees, record ownership, advertising and testing, to name a few.
From the Paper
"There are no major differences among the confidentiality and conflict of interest mandates of the three groups. They respect a client?s right to privacy and avoid disclosures of confidential information. All allow for confidentiality breaches only when the law requires it or if the client or someone else faces danger because of the client?s actions. The AACC, the AAPC, and the ACA discourage dual relationships with clients that could affect the counseling relationship or present the opportunity for personal gain."
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Diversity in the Workplace, 2002.
An analysis of the effect of cultural diversity in the workplace and the use of diversity programs.
2,857 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues relating to diversity in the workplace and why this diversity is essential to the globalization of a corporation as it promotes customer relations, product innovation and investment opportunities. In particular it investigates diversity programs and their impact on racial and ethical relations in the workplace. Through a literature review, it examines how programs such as affirmative action have created hostility and racial tension due to white racism and how the current diversity programs have created ethical tensions due to their inclusivity of a broad spectrum of people. It examines how racial tensions lower morale and have a negative influence on the attitudes of employees. It concludes with an explanation of why these programs are necessary and important and are here to stay despite their seemingly ineffectiveness.
From the Paper
"In the years following the formation of the Philadelphia Plan the concept of affirmative action was created. Affirmative action was designed to give minorities a fair opportunity to gain the education and employment that only whites had access to. Today the term affirmative action has been replaced with ?diversity programs?. While the basic concepts of the terms are virtually identical there are some obvious differences in their definitions. Affirmative action was designed primarily to help ethnic minorities while diversity programs cover a broader range of people to include homosexuals and those with physical and mental handicaps."
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Women in U.S. Prisons, 2002.
A discussion of the injustices in the U.S. women?s prison system.
1,473 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the justice system is designed to enact punishment on those who have committed a crime, but how for many women incarcerated in the United States the prison system is nothing less than a torture chamber. It examines how for these women, sexual abuse and gross misconduct at the hands of those who are supposed to protect them are commonplace. It provides statistics on women in U.S prisons, an outline of specific issues faced by female prisoners and why these conditions actually exist. It concludes with possible solutions to these problems and current investigations by groups such as Amnesty International.
From the Paper
"Women are being sold as sex slaves to male inmates. (Ruggiero) If this was not deplorable enough, the guards themselves are using the women for their own sexual pleasure. The incidence of rape, defined as sexual intercourse with a woman by a man without her consent and chiefly by force or deception, (Webster?s Online Dictionary) is a ?fairly rare phenomenon?. (Olson) This by no means belittles the unjust sexual relationships occurring. The officers are using their position of power to force the inmates to have sex with them so in effect that is rape."
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