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Decline of Britain, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of the relative British decline after 1870.
2,839 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in order to effectively analyze the relative British decline after 1870, it is necessary to examine nineteenth and twentieth century economic and political history and policies. This examination produces the evidence necessary to determine why and how Great Britain declined. The writer identifies the economic model involved and reveals the economic, political and social factors that combined to end Great Britain's long era of imperial dominance.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Specification of an Economic Model
Evidence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This decline was accelerated by the First World War, which strained the British economy to the breaking point, and intensified after the war when Great Britain and other Western capitalist nations experienced a severe global economic depression, which bankrupted treasuries and cost millions of people their jobs. In response, the people in these countries became isolationist and their governments proceeded to establish trade barriers to shut out the contagion of recession spreading around the world. But limiting trade only led to more impoverishment for the average person, more international turmoil, and another world war that cost fifty million lives."
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Behaviorism: A Work in Progress, 2008.
An examination of individuals and theories of Ivan Pavlov, John Locke, John Watson and Burrhus Frederic Skinner and their impact on the theory of behaviorism.
3,121 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and defines the theory of behaviorism and how it relates to present day therapy. The paper examines many historical scientists' theories and ideas which provided the needed information so that behaviorism could be born. It also explains how John Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism even though the theory has been documented back to the times of Aristotle. The historical roots of behaviorism and present day uses are also examined in this paper.
Outline:
Abstract
Behaviorism
History of Behaviorism
John Watson: Behaviorism
Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
John Locke: Tabula Rasa
B.F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Aristotle
Current Use
From the Paper
"Throughout history, many scholars have theorized that environment plays an important role in defining the outcome of an individual. Aristotle first hypothesized that the mind of or psyche of a person existed because of external factors. Other theorist expounded on this premise until John Watson made it a focus of his studies of behavior. Behaviorism projects that individuals are products of their experiences and have become who they are because of conditioning. John Watson, who is credited with Behaviorism made the comment that he could take twelve healthy infants and take any one of them and mold them into any given occupation regardless of genetics, race, talents and/or abilities. Watson believed that all "healthy" individuals are the same at birth but are only differentiated by the specific stimuli in their own experiences throughout their lives."
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Media, Technology and Society, 2007.
An examination of the influence of the media on society today.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the media is highly influential on society. The writer discusses how politicians depend heavily on the mass media as a way of reaching the public and explains the role of the mass media in foreign policy. Additionaly, the writer shows how media affects the development of new technology. The writer concludes that the media influences behavior through imitation and influences technology by helping determine what sorts of technology are wanted, what services are provided, and what products consumers seek.
From the Paper
"The media is very influential in society today and has been for decades. The nature of the media has changed over that time, from the beginnings of the mass media with national magazines and large city newspapers, continuing through the development of the motion picture, radio, and television, and today with new media such as the Internet. Changes in technology clearly affect the nature of the media, making new means of communication possible. The existing media affects technology as well, causing certain types of technology to be developed rather than others, with both the media and the technology carrying the media affecting society in a number of ways."
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Canada's Gendered Welfare State, 2007.
An examination of the Canadian social welfare policy.
1,406 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a series of articles which all criticize the current push towards a neo-liberal interpretation of social welfare policy - both in Canada and in a number of other western nations. The paper suggests that the articles' central theme remains the same - that women are unjustly victimized by the prevailing social welfare network. The paper examines the argument made that women are falling behind in some regards vis-a-vis social welfare after some moderate advances in previous decades and concludes that the articles' authors are not necessarily wrong in their views, but occasionally over-state their cases - in large measure because their work is informed by ideological commitments as well as by scholarly concerns.
From the Paper
"In her work, Ann Porter seeks to advance a "feminist economy" that illustrates how women are - and have been - oppressed by the capitalist system and by the patriarchal order. Specifically, Porter devotes a great deal of her time to looking at the historically strained relationship between the state and women and draws approvingly from socialist (or Marxist) feminists who critique how the traditional capitalist order supported a traditional "dual" arrangement whereby the man served as breadwinner and the woman served as a dependent subordinate in charge of the household. However, the advent of women entering the paid workforce in great numbers changed this arrangement and therefore blunted the inherently exploitative features of the patriarchal capitalist order as it pertained to women."
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Urban Poverty in Toronto, 2008.
A policy briefing about urban poverty in Toronto.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief on the issue of urban poverty in, Toronto, Canada's largest city. Specifically, the paper argues that poverty must be addressed quickly - both through an improved remedial education system and via an improved social welfare safety net that distributes monies more efficiently. The paper explores the matter within an international context and suggests that urban poverty is a problem Toronto can overcome, even if other cities have faltered in combating it.
Table of Contents:
Issue
Analysis
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Thirdly, the city of Toronto has no justification for not turning its many brown fields into sites whereupon affordable apartment complexes for low-income individuals can be built. This would be an effective use of available land, would allow the city to make a profit, and would reduce the strain upon the city's over-burdened social welfare and shelter programs. Of all of the recommendations outlined above, giving the less-fortunate the tools they need to fend for themselves is the most productive measure the city can enact if only one option is available."
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Pakistan, 2007.
This extensive paper is a political, historical and economic analysis of Pakistan.
4,320 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pakistan's turbulent history over the past fifty years, its geographical proximity to hostile India and the tensions generated by rival Islamic and Western influences have led to frequent changes in its constitution and to a general suppression of citizens' rights. The author points out that Pakistan's economy, throughout much of its relatively brief history, has been hampered by underdevelopment and chronic poverty in parts of Pakistan, as well as by fiscal mismanagement. The paper concludes that Pakistan's outlook over the next three to five years is uncertain and potentially grim because of the political and religious sectarian instability in southwest Asia: The entire region is a powder keg.
Table of Contents:
Prologue
Introduction
Country Essentials
Leadership Profiles
System of Government
Key Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ultimately, classical Islamic thoughts can contribute to the development of modern democratic institutions in Islamic countries, for the theoretical foundations of democratic systems of justice were advocated by the Prophet Muhammad and have been developed by Muslim philosophers and jurists for centuries. But because democracy is equated with the West, non-Western values and practices must shape the conceptualization and utilization of democracy in Pakistan."
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European Chauvinism, 2007.
This paper examines Stuart Hall's "The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power" where he presents arguments about the causes of European imperialism.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines and compares Stuart Hall's arguments with those of Bill Freund and of Reinhard Bendix. The paper explores how the authors analyze the factors which made colonialism and wide-spread exploitation on continental scales possible. The paper shows how Bill Freund and Reinhard Bendix emphasize the chauvinistic European mind-set that Hall delves into at length in his work. The paper concludes that Hall's contention about European chauvinism is starkly illustrated by the available evidence.
From the Paper
"Hall begins his discussion by noting that one of the chief reasons that the early western explorers traveled in the direction of the New World was because they were seeking to find and to secure the fantastic wealth of the East (185). In this regard, Hall is somewhat like Freund who, as we shall see, argues that the evils of western imperialism derive from its exploitative economic relationship to the more impoverished territories of the world. However, Hall deviates from Freund in the sense that he does not focus wholly (or largely) upon economic factors which contributed - or which might have contributed - to western relations with the rest of the world; rather, his focus is upon the socio-cultural and anthropological distinctiveness of the west from other societies. With this in mind, "western" countries may be defined as those lands that are "developed, industrialized, urbanized, capitalist, secular, and modern" (Hall, 186)."
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Protecting Home Buyers, 2008.
This paper looks at agencies and laws dealing with the protection of home buyers.
3,412 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the various agencies and laws which exist to protect home buyers in the real estate transaction process, from securing the necessary credit to dealing with real estate agents. The paper devotes a great deal of time looking at what rights new home purchasers have with regards to gaining access to credit, for it is credit that ultimately determines whether any such purchase will be possible in the first place. Furthermore, the paper also peers into the legislation geared towards protecting those who wish to buy homes from others, but who may have to deal with antiquated racist attitudes in the process. Lastly, the paper offers a brief critique of the available literature and what it appears to suggest about the measures presently in place to protect home buyers in America.
From the Paper
"Other organizations contribute in other ways. For example, Wood reports in a 2005 study he also conducted on behalf of the Government Accounting Office that the Department of Agriculture and Urban Development's Federal Housing Administration and the Department of Agriculture's Rural Housing Service guaranteed roughly $136 billion in mortgages for multi-family rental housing, for various health care facilities and, most importantly for our purposes, for single family homes. Apparently overgenerous to a fault, both organizations have also had to suspend their issuance of guarantees in the past because they went over the dollar amounts they were permitted to spend under their commitment authority or, in a closely-related vein, because they went over the dollar limits prescribed to them under their credit subsidy budget authority for a given year. Needless to say, the result of these suspensions is that many families which rely upon the aforementioned loan guarantees find themselves faced with unexpected financial hardships. Wood reports that, while both programs have many things which commend themselves, the simple fact of the matter is that the FHA and RHS loan guarantee programs operate on a first-come, first-served basis - a practice which can easily discriminate against poor families who lack knowledge about the programs."
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U.S. Defense Budgeting, 2008.
This paper describes the U.S. defense budgeting process and argues that it is complex and cluttered.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the strengths of the U.S. defense budgeting process are that it has many avenues for access and accountability by interested parties, ensuring that the overall military effort is essentially transparent and responsible to society. The author points out that the process allows for much waste and influence, which adds cost rather than value; thereby, the process fails to promote efficiency. The paper relates that the system is not likely to be changed radically soon because the entrenched interests can continue to win favored positions and reforming the system takes great momentum and uncommon nerve. Sources listed are in the form of endnotes.
Table of Contents:
Budgeting Concepts
Budgeting Participants
Budgeting Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main ways that government decides on what to spend each year is through baseline budgeting. It takes what was spent in the previous year as the jumping off point and begins its deliberations on what to spend in the upcoming years based upon that. By using this method, the government can operate according to expectations that have some recent history to support claims that more money is needed or less can be done with. It looks at how things went in the past year and decides where to beef up spending and where to cut."
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Development in Bangladesh, 2008.
An analysis of development and political change in Bangladesh according to dependency theory.
1,014 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a critical examination of development of Bangladesh indicates that its development has proceeded in accordance with dependency theory, which reflects the English School theory of international relations.
From the Paper
"It must also be taken into account that Bangladesh is the poorest country on earth, yet has vast, untapped oil reserves, which makes it a tempting target for a Western power such as the United States, which may decide to "liberate" it in the name of "democracy" as part of "the war on terror" after it finishes "liberating" Iraq and perhaps Iran as well.
The current political weakness of the Bush Administration and the chaos in Iraq make this scenario unlikely in the near future, but such a development over the next ten to twenty years cannot be ruled out. "
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Torture and Rendition, 2007.
An analysis of the justification of practicing rendition and torture.
1,043 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the advantages of using rendition and torture as measures that must be taken to prevent a catastrophic terrorist attack. The writer discusses the very real threat of biological weapons and argues that since there is little or no effective military or civil defense against biological weapons once they are weaponized and delivered effectively, torture and rendition must be used in order to prevent them from being weaponized by terrorists and delivered to a vulnerable target. The paper concludes that U.S. agents should be permitted to use torture and/or rendition when interrogating a terrorist suspect who may have information about an impending attack in order to prevent massive biological global destruction.
From the Paper
"When interrogating a terrorist suspect who may have information about an impending attack, U.S. agents should be permitted to use torture and/or rendition, which is the practice of turning suspects over for interrogation to countries whose agents use more severe interrogating techniques than allowed under U.S. law. The use of such measures is regrettable, but the threat posed to millions of innocent people by terrorists willing to use dirty bombs or biological weapons leaves U.S. agents no alternative but to do everything in their power to prevent such a nightmare."
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Mandatory Health Insurance in Oregon, 2007.
An analysis of Oregon's proposed mandatory health insurance policy.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of imposing mandatory health insurance laws on all citizens of the state of Oregon. The writer discusses the financial challenges such a law would impose on low income citizens and how these citizens, that lack the financial ability to pay for insurance, would, consequently, not be able to avoid violating a mandatory health insurance law. The paper concludes that even though the framers of mandatory health insurance do not seem to have placed much value in the potential impact of unforeseen unemployment and do not seem to have much regard for the guarantees provided under equal protection under the law, these factors are directly relevant and must be evaluated. This document appends some of the sources used in writing this paper.
Outline:
Impact/Effectiveness Analysis
Workability Analysis
Efficiency Analysis
From the Paper
"Oregon's proposed policy that would implement mandatory health insurance requires careful study and a three dimensions of feasibility analysis, primarily because several inherent provisions of this prospective law appear to be unworkable and unenforceable. A range of other potential problems exists, but a significant unforeseen problem is that criminalizing low income citizens for being unable to afford health insurance may be in conflict with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law."
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Withdrawal from Iraq, 2008.
An argument in favor of American troops withdrawing from Iraq.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of United States troops withdrawing from Iraq, as well as those for staying there. The paper describes the advantages of withdrawing and the disadvantages of staying. It argues strongly that the only possible course of action at this stage is for America to completely withdraw from the country.
From the Paper
"When American policymakers consider what must be done next, it is painfully evident that tolerating more brazen Bush Administration lies and cynical political manipulation is no solution. At this point, withdrawal is the only viable option. As Cillizza and White (2005) note, staying in Iraq will only make things worse there, and prevent the United States from adequately supporting the vulnerable Karzai government in Afghanistan, where the Taliban and Al Qaeda are stronger than they have been since 2001."
"In conclusion, the U.S. should begin a complete withdrawal of its troops from Iraq because there are no other realistic military or political options. As the civil war escalates between the Sunnis and Shi'ites, American forces will be forced to support one side or the other, which entails the risk of drawing Iran or other neighboring states into the war, which would unleash even more bloodshed and destabilize the region for decades."
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Politics and Economics, 2007.
This paper explores how political constraints shape domestic economic policy.
1,634 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the President of the United States is restrained from pursuing bold economic policy initiatives. The paper discusses the bickering interest groups who can successfully thwart economic policies that offer hope to large segments of the American population. The paper also discusses fears about electoral defeat and the frustration engendered by grappling with other branches of government as contributing factors to why elected officials always seem to do less than they should for America's poor. Copies of sources are appended to the paper.
From the Paper
"In his excellent 1997 text, Politics and Economic Policy in the United States, Jeffrey E. Cohen writes that political pressures - interest groups, public opinion and even political action committees - all contribute in various ways to the economic policies that Presidents will enact or feel themselves compelled to enact. Seen in this light, it is clear that economic policy can very easily degenerate into the White House merely offering to Congress economic policies that are insubstantial and cosmetic - and which advance a political agenda rather than a progressive economic course of action (Cohen, 86-132). Arguably, a good example of this may be found in economic policies which focus chiefly upon income redistribution and not upon tackling the systemic or structural factors which are widening the gulf between rich and poor and contributing to high unemployment or underemployment levels."
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White Slavery, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of human trafficking and looks at the moral dilemma of white slavery.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that when speaking of slavery in twentieth century terms, this often refers to persons of European decent or "whites" being sold into involuntary servitude or slavery. The writer explains that white slavery encompasses a variety of methods and means, many of which are as equally inhumane or perhaps more so than traditional slavery. The writer notes that human trafficking is a lucrative business around the world and provides tremendous revenue for those performing the illegal acts. The writer then points out that the greatest argument by proponents for this type of illegal activity is the monetary gain of the activity, but these individuals fail or refuse to see the negative and potentially irreversible effects. The writer maintains that human slavery is not only mentally and physically detrimental but also signifies a breakdown in the morality of society. The writer concludes that although slavery was legally abolished in the nineteenth century, it is still around in the twentieth century and one must continue to work towards a society that is free from the misuse and mistreatment of others.
Outline:
Sexual Trafficking
Immigrants & Bonded Labor
Arranged Marriages
Illegal Adoption
Regulation
From the Paper
"Human trafficking and slavery takes place and a variety of economically advantageous areas. Every year people are sold into slavery or bondage for such despicable acts such as sexual trafficking, bonded labor, forced marriages and illegal adoptions. These issues are just the tip of the iceberg but are the most proliferate and common activities. At first glance many of these issues and activities seem to be legal, with individuals capable of making sound, logical decisions, but when one examines the true facts it appears that many of these situations have been accomplished through manipulation of the victims."
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"Death of a Salesman" and Canadian Capitalism, 2008.
An analysis of Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" in relation to studies of Canadian capitalism.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Arthur Miller's play of 1949, "Death of a Salesman", offers a strong commentary on capitalism's expectation that all persons can and will participate strongly in a capitalist environment. Related ideas are those of capitalism best serving 'human nature' in an assumption that all human beings are decisive; strongly motivated by acquiring success or belongings, and that conforming to a capitalist system will bring rewards. It discusses how, however, as Miller's "Death of a Salesman" indicates, some personalities are not at all suited to this range of activities and also, how capitalism will always leave behind some persons who for whatever reason cannot compete ably, or cannot summon all of their resources for the very competitive approach that is required. The paper discusses the myth of capitalism, as seen in the play, and looks at how it relates to what is happening in Canada.
Outline:
Introduction
Capitalism as a System and Culture
Capitalism's Dream
More on Markets and Opportunities
From the Paper
"In relation to Canadian capitalism, Phillips identified three ways in which the present system has not pleased or served Canadians in, first, the market's failure to provide a level of social services or other social infrastructure for the best or 'equal' welfare of the people, second, its production of social gaps so large that the cohesion of the society is threatened and may very well collapse in immense differences between the income levels and living experiences of the poor and the 'middle' classes, and third, no mechanism in the market system to guarantee or even just promote full employment and economic growth. (Political Economy 20) In short, Canadian capitalism has become rather like its American counterpart that so worships market forces while indiscriminately ostracizing or just leaving behind one sector and then another. "
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Personal Political Philosophy, 2008.
A personal discussion of conservatism and Christian beliefs, as well as the general worldview they combine to produce.
1,811 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why the writer is a conservative republican and a Christian. More specifically, the paper outlines the writer's values, discusses his world-view and catalogues the goals and strategies he believes are worthy of pursuit. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Christian conservatism has many things with which to commend itself.
From the Paper
"This writer also feels that homosexuals should have their rights protected as befits a tolerant and open society, but that the traditional definition of marriage has served us well as the basic social unit and should not be overturned; likewise, the environment is important, as well, but climactic change has always been a part of the earth's history and is a phenomenon largely beyond the ability of human beings to control. As a final "value," this writer believes strongly that the western civilization which gave us equality between the sexes and the best elements of classical liberalism should be privileged more in our institutions of higher learning; therefore, cultural relativism and "multiculturalism" has led to the diminishment of a worthy cultural legacy in the west."
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Raising the Minimum Wage, 2008.
An analysis of the history of minimum wage increases in the US and whether changes are necessary in the current situation.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses when and how minimum wage should be increased for employees. It looks at the history of minimum wage increases and then discusses the benefits and difficulties of wage increases for employers. The paper also looks at whether the minimum wage has finally reached an acceptable level which can now be deemed a livable wage or whether an increase in wages is necessary.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Doubled Minimum Wage Results
Market Demand Curve
Company Affects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unfortunately when wage rates rise it must be performed across all employees within a company. This will result in a significant outlay for any corporation when raises are given or wage rates change. When such changes occur there is a significant change in the lowest hourly rate which will eventually follow through to other positions including those occupied by the skilled labor forces (Edwards 10). When such increases occur margin levels must also increase in order to support such increases in the corporate salary expenses. However when such increases occur, it is inevitable that the same number of employees will continue to populate the company as what did prior to the wage increases. The fact is that wage is usually not directly proportionally to increases in margin. The aggregate unemployment rate has varied between 4% and 8% over a period of 20 years (Overall Unemployment Rate in the Civilian Labor Force). However, the numbers of employees in the skilled labor force have increase by a significant number of employees."
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