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Ethics and Minors, 2008.
This paper looks at a legislative issue and discusses the matter of contraceptives furnished to a minor.
1,608 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the current health care issue which needs to be brought to the attention of legislators and for which nurses need to develop a political action plan is the availability of contraceptive supplies or procedures to minors. The writer points out that many states recognize that parents should have the right to make health care decisions for a minor child but that in certain cases, the minor needs access to confidential services. The writer discusses that under the Title X family planning program instituted in 1970, contraceptive services and other reproductive health care services have been available to all individuals who need them, irrespective of age. Meanwhile, the writer notes that debates over parental consent or notification have been taking place at both the state and federal level, and that states tend to favor parents taking responsibility for the decisions of their minor child.
From the Paper
"On the basis of Greipp's model, the consumer forces driving the policy consist of teenagers who have made the decision to become sexually active as opposed to parents who wish to have the responsibility for their children's choices. In many cases, the consumer includes the entire community which believes that parents need to either make or at least collaborate with their adolescent children about major decisions. Motivators include parents' desires to influence their children regarding the most significant decisions of their lives. Motivators also consist of parental concerns for the current and future physical and psychosocial wellbeing of their children.The ethical principle of beneficence and the moral theory of deontology also can be motivators for both parents and the community as they strive both individually and collectively to fulfill what they perceive as their obligations to their children. "
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Analysis of a Newspaper Research Report, 2008.
A review of a newspaper research report by Patty Pensa, entitled "Palm Beach County Public Health Officials Push Flu Shots for Kids" on statistical procedures.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the statistical procedures used - or not used, as the case may be - in a recent newspaper article appearing in the South-Florida Sun-Sentinel. In particular, the paper examines the failure of the article to provide statistics supporting the idea that mass vaccinations really work. The paper concludes that, while the article intended to serve the public, it does so at not quite the level it could.
From the Paper
"Discovering the statistical procedures that made possible the findings put forward by reporter Patty Pensa in her July 1, 2007, article on the efforts of Palm Beach health officials to lobby for more flu shots for children is difficult in some respects. For one thing, Pensa writes that "the success of a FluMist program at elementary schools convinced officials that children could be vaccinated en masse" (para.6). Unfortunately, Pensa does not deign to provide statistics that would corroborate this important conclusion. Additionally, in precisely the next sentence, she writes that "School officials do not track how many kids are sick with flu each year" (Pensa, para.6). Suffice it to say, if no statistics are available when it comes to sickness levels among young children in the Palm Beach area, and if Ms. Pensa does not provide in her story statistics supporting the contention that a mass vaccination at the elementary school level was successful, then the reader is simply has no means of knowing the extent to which mass vaccination campaigns will benefit the inhabitants of Palm Beach. Naturally, while it can be comfortably inferred that mass vaccination really will benefit everyone, it should not be overlooked that busy parents, uncertain as to who will have to pay for the cost of the vaccination, may decide that things like more rest, a better diet, and more exercise at school are all worthy substitutes to vaccinating their children."
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Emotional Child Abuse, 2008.
This paper focuses on the problem of emotional child abuse, while looking at the issue of child abuse in general.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines child abuse as a whole, as well as emotional child abuse specifically. Different kinds of emotional abuse are examined, as well as the characteristics of the families that are prone to such abuse. In addition, this paper describes the impact that child abuse has on children and on society at large. Finally, potential treatment and prevention is suggested. The writer concludes that emotional abuse is a serious problem that requires society to further study this form of abuse and find more effective methods for its prevention and treatment.
Outline:
Definition of Child Abuse
Different Kinds of Emotional Child Abuse
Identifying Emotional Child Abuse
The Impact of Child Abuse
Prevention
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One thing that makes child abuse difficult to treat or to prevent is that it is usually a recurring event. Given its prevalence across societal boundaries, it is also apparent that child abuse has few factors that assist in predicting the homes in which it will occur. That is, child abuse is equally prevalent in all economic, ethnic, and racial groups, which makes identification of abusive households difficult. However, domestic violence and child abuse are often paired; it is in such households that emotional abuse is the side effect of spousal physical or emotional abuse. For this reason, it is safe to conclude that parents are often the emotional abusers, which may differentiate emotional abuse somewhat from physical or sexual abuse. However, if a child tells a parent of abuse that has occurred, or if a parent becomes aware of abuse occurring in other environments, then he or she has a legal obligation to report the incident(s) to the proper authorities."
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Gender Selection, 2008.
An analysis of the ethics concerning prenatal gender selection with a focus on the nursing perspective.
1,264 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the theories of utilitarianism and deontology both establish the act of prenatal gender selection as being morally and ethically wrong. It looks at how relational ethics focuses not on the act but on the person, but there is awareness of ethical principles. It also contends that nurses must use and understand the ethical perspectives and apply them in their everyday practice and how even though they will always be faced with ethical dilemmas, they are obligated to provide appropriate and quality care in every situation.
Outline:
Introduction
Position on Ethical Issue
Ethical Theories
Utilitarianism
Utilitarian View of the Issue
Deontology
Deontological View of the Issue
Relational Ethics
Relevance to Nursing and Relational Ethics
Nursing Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the basis of relational ethics, relationships are the site for ethical action and healthy and ethical relationships allow for human growth (Bergum & Dosseter, 2005). The focus is on the relationship where the nurse and client are connected. Rather than making judgments regarding the rightness or wrongness of actions, this is an action ethic because people act in ways that result in goodness but without being absolutely sure if they are right (Bergum & Dosseter). The important point is that people often take the action that appears wise but also experience some uncertainty about their choice. What gives moral meaning to the action is the relationship. The action chosen is not simply done but changes over time with new experience. "
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Nursing Burnout, 2008.
An examination of the problem of nurses suffering from burnout.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines nurse burnout as a prevalent problem in many institutions. The paper explains that nurse burnout can be attributable to inadequate staffing and points out that the consequences of under-staffing are observed in terms of the decline in overall well-being of the nursing staff: staff exhaustion leading to high levels of stress and burnout, nurse dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and higher risk for disfranchisement from the profession. The paper then looks at the common method for calculating the nursing workload internally - the nurse-patient ratio. The paper concludes that while the evidence cited in the paper reflects different institutions, the extent to which burnout is seen should be assessed, as well as evaluated, to help find the possible contributing factors, both within and outside the hospital setting.
Outline:
Identification of Clinical Problem
Review of Literature
Research Critique
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Managers have attempted to adapt to the situation by maintaining flexibility in staff schedules depending on changing unit demands which are constantly changing. When a patient is so seriously ill that one nurse cannot perform care, one or more other nurses are needed for a limited time. At other times, such is not the case. However, the central problem in staffing is not attaining staff flexibility congruent to the unit's needs. The reality that it is not recognized by higher management, nor is it under the control of nurses further complicates the problem."
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Drug Offender Treatment Programs, 2008.
An overview of treatment programs for drug offenders.
2,164 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how the role of drug offender treatment programs and the criminal justice field are associated. It includes a literature analysis that highlights the associated cost/benefits from these programs and how or if they can be integrated within criminal justice policy to provide a suitable alternative to other forms of punishment for certain offenders.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Drug Offender Treatment Programs: Literature & Scope of Study
The Role of Drug Offender Treatment Programs
Drug Treatment Programs Versus Prison: Analyzing the Fiscal and Social Implications
From the Paper
"The literature is divided on this issue, since there is one argument that these programs lessen the number of individuals in prison and is more effective, since treatment in a prison environment is less efficient and has a higher probability of resulting in failure. However, there is another set of theorists who argue that these programs are not effective, since they literally force individuals into treatment, which is not the way to treat diseases related to addiction (Marlatt and Donovan, 2005, p. 239). "
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Home Healthcare, 2008.
This paper discusses the home healthcare industry in the U.S. market.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the vast majority of home healthcare industry consumers consist of the sick and the elderly, with Medicare/Medicaid programs comprising a significant percentage of the payment revenues. The paper looks at a specific competitor, the Heritage Homecare Agency located in Florida and discusses the results of a survey of home healthcare patients. The paper concludes that home healthcare is seen as one of the most promising alternative healthcare programs that might result in an overall cost reduction for healthcare services and delivery over the next several years.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Industry Analysis
Overview
Case Study
Home Healthcare Patient Survey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The home healthcare industry in the United States (U.S.) is receiving a great deal of interest recently because of the ever increasing costs of healthcare in general which is leading many healthcare constituents, both industry competitors and consumers, to seek alternatives. The home healthcare industry in the U.S. is valued at approximately $40b annually and has some 20k unique industry competitors that focus primarily on 2 target patient markets: the elderly and the sick (Buckley & Van Giezen, 2004). Furthermore, the industry itself is not dominated by a few large companies as many other segments of the healthcare industry are. In this sense, the home healthcare industry is highly fragmented in nature because the 50 largest companies hold less that 24% of the total market share (Geisler, Krabbendam & Schuring, 2003)."
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Healthcare Budgeting Regulations, 2008.
A review of the article "Health Care Fraud" by A.M. Nann, J.C. Ashe, and K.H. Levy.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of healthcare fraud and its effect on healthcare budgeting with respect to government rules and regulations that directly impact the budgeting process. In the article by Nann, Ashe and Levy entitled 'Health Care Fraud" the paper states that of particular importance are the Medicaid and Medicare programs and how recent changes in policies and the regulatory environment have impacted the healthcare industry from a regulatory perspective.
From the Paper
"The healthcare budgeting process has become so difficult vis-a-vis Medicare and Medicaid because of the increasing legislation, scope, and expansion of these plans accompanied by increased reporting and billing accountability. As recently as the current Presidency Medicare has come under expansive reform that has thrown the typical healthcare budget process into an exercise in futility because reconciling expected payments under a typical fee for service plan is difficult and is susceptible to fraudulent billing practices (Nann, Ashe and Levy, 2005). The current administration implemented the most sweeping reforms of Medicare in many years. One of the biggest impacts made on healthcare budgeting by these new adjustments to Medicare have been on capping expenses which physicians and healthcare institutions can charge for a given service if it is accepted within the Medicare program."
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Telemedicine and Self-Care, 2008.
This paper shows the uses of telemedicine, specifically with diabetes.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the rationale behind the advocacy of telemedicine in patient education and uses the example of a prevalent public health problem such as diabetes. The paper discusses patient education and self-care theory and then shows how diabetes is a disease that can greatly benefit from cost-cutting innovations such as telemedicine. The paper concludes that telemedicine can be implemented successfully in many settings and provide a variety of patient populations with high patient satisfaction and favorable disease management outcomes.
Outline:
Introduction
The Role of Telemedicine
Patient Education and Self-Care Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Being an expert and educator, the health professional serves as a reliable resource for persons to turn to when they wish to obtain information regarding disease. These two go hand-in-hand where patient care is involved, as being an expert does not necessarily imply being an educator (although the reverse is). Aside from the obvious connotation of being an expert in disease, the health care professional not only serves as a source of knowledge for disease, but as a resource for helping patients seek answers for themselves. These roles not only involve direct education, but also methods in modifying patient and family attitudes and practices to seek health-promoting behavior, rather than those detrimental to health."
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, 2008.
An overview of the symptoms and diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how non-Hodgkin's lymphoma affects the lymph system in the body and how a diagnosis is based on the spread of the cancer in the body and the type of cell the cancer has attacked. It examines how there are no specific causes of lymphoma but there are certain risk factors and symptoms that when watched for may help in detecting lymphoma cancer early. The paper also discusses treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiation.
From the Paper
"A diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is based on the spread of the cancer in the body and the type of cell the cancer has attacked. A biopsy of the lymph nodes is the most common method for diagnosis. It is through examining the lymph tumor tissue that the estimated spread of the cancer and the speed at which new cells will grow is determined--the spread of the cancer will either be indolent or aggressive. The extent of the invasion into the immune system and the stage of the tumor's growth is determined as well ("What is non-hodgkin's Lymphoma?", 2006). "
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Uses of Statistical Information, 2008.
A look at the importance of statistical information in nursing.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of statistics in the nursing profession, stating the advantages of proper decision-making, and discussing the types of information that should and should not be collected. The author also presents four types of information that are collected and their relevance to nursing practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Advantages of Proper Decision-Making
From the Paper
"As nurses, we are confronted with fairly unique patient presentations in nearly every case. To some extent, we rely on our training and experience to assist us in making decisions about the best care for a patient. It is part of our ethical responsibility to insure good patient care, and to allocate scarce medical resources to insure that the sickest patients get the most attention.
"To the extent that we can develop procedures that have been tested and proven to work best in the past, we are bringing the best care to our patients. This care can be and should be tested in clinical trials to insure that the experience of thousands of healthcare specialists has been systematically followed."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of mother to child transmission of AIDS in Africa and looks at a possible solution.
3,126 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that from a humanitarian point of view, as well as from an economic point of view, it would seem appropriate that authorities should endeavour to protect the most innocent of all innocent victims - new born babies. The writer then discusses that the existence of effective drugs offers the possibility of saving literally millions of newborns from the horrible fate of being born with AIDS. Thus, it would seem that curbing mother to child transmission of AIDS (MTCT) with the use of antiretrovirals should be the top priority of governments in sub-Saharan Africa. This would be the most humane and cost-effective way of coping with the AIDS crisis in the medium to long term. Yet this is not the case. This essay seeks to examine the extent to which MTCT is being combated in sub-Saharan Africa, the reasons for this lack of commitment and to come up with suggestions to improve the situation.
Outline:
Background/Rationale:
Objectives
Methodology
Outcomes
From the Paper
"The last-mentioned factor brings us to another problem that complicates the issue of MTCT in Africa. There is some controversy over the issue of nursing, as some studies have indicated that HIV is not transmitted in this way, while others have suggested that in poverty-stricken communities, the benefits of breast milk outweigh the risks posed by possible MTCT of AIDS. The problem is that - unlike in North America - in sub-Saharan Africa countless numbers of babies die of malnutrition, or from infectious diseases. Breast milk provides some measure of protection from both of these, as it is an ideal source of nutrition, and also passes the mother's antibodies to infants. Thus, it is extremely difficult to know whether to advise HIV positive mothers not to nurse - more harm may be done than good."
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Center for Disease Control, 2008.
This apper analyzes the governmental agency known as the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Center for Disease Control (CDC), a health related governmental agency which has a governing role in healthcare and in the healthcare industry. The paper looks at how the CDC carries out its duties as a federal agency concerned with mitigating epidemic diseases and in controlling public health factors.
Outline:
Abstract
History and Mission
Authority and Operations
Structure
CDC In Action
Impact
From the Paper
"One of the 13 major operating components of what is now the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Communicable Disease Center officially began operations in a modest building in Atlanta, Georgia. A descendent of the Roosevelt administration's Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) agency, the CDC's initial mandate was to win the fight against malarial mosquitoes. With an initial budget of under $10 million, the CDC waged its war against malaria with fewer than 400 employees, millions of gallons of DDT, and a paucity of trucks, sprayers and shovels (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDCweb], 2007)."
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Obesity in America, 2008.
This paper examines the issues of obesity in America, focusing on the youth.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer notes that there can scarcely be any question that obesity is a growing problem among American youth and a growing concern in the United States. Most of all, the simple reality is that there is no clear consensus on what factor contributes more so than any other to the rapid spread of obesity among young Americans. The writer discusses that some scholars favor the idea of physical inactivity as the cause, while others emphasize diet and still others insist that genetics are at play. The writer maintains that the uncertainty or ambiguity around the problem is brought into sharp relief by the fact that all of these factors undoubtedly play a role; we just do not know the precise extent to which each plays a role.
Outline:
Introduction
Obesity is a Growing Concern in the United States
Defining the Issue
Establishing that it is an Open-Ended Problem
Theory One
Theory Two
Theory Three
Discussion and Critical Evaluation of the Evidence
Quality of the Evidence
Conclusion: Solutions, Limitations and Recommendation
From the Paper
"The "Obesity as a Disease" perspective. Many individuals find evidence put forward in defense of this thesis problematic inasmuch as many people who have overweight parents do not become overweight themselves; the converse is also true. The problem with this evidence is also that, with such a strong correlation between physical activity and diet and obesity, there appear to be other factors which merit greater regard from academics. At the same time, the National Institute of Health and the World Health Organization (Edlin, 2004) both recently designated obesity as a disease - even though this designation, as Hwaley's 2006 work attests, has met with scrutiny among scholars who believe that obesity does not fit the criteria for being called a disease."
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Palliative Care for the Elderly, 2008.
A look at caring for the geriatric patient with particular chronic disorders.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at cancer and pain treatment, congestive heart failure, stroke treatment and the need for palliative care. The paper discusses how geriatric nursing care requires more than ensuring the patient is kept comfortable. The paper also reveals that there are are significant differences in the morbidity, mortality and quality of life for patients suffering from the most common afflictions of the elderly, when proper staff attention is paid to both the symptoms and the treatments for these diseases.
From the Paper
"The geriatric patient with cancer can be divided into two types: those who are suffering long-term, chronic cancers, such as prostate, liver and benign tumors. The other class is those who are at end-stage disease. Since many patients suffer from chronic cancers which can allow survival for a number of years, the healthcare professional must deal with both the symptoms of the disease, and be concerned about indications that need to be treated medically (Sarwal, 2003)."
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Effective changes in Institutional and Patient Policy, 2008.
A discussion on the best way to get nursing staff to support decisions about the use or non-introduction of medical innovations.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses hospital and health policies with regard to the implementation of new directives. The paper outlines the areas to which these new directives relate and suggests that the best way to have the nursing staff support decisions about the use or non-introduction of medical innovations is to implicate them in the decisions for use or non-use. The paper concludes that by giving everyone a voice in putting together procedures, the hospital and the patient will benefit.
From the Paper
"Finally, therapies have grown more complex in response to two factors: (1) patients are generally sicker during the time they are in the hospital, as hospitals seek to discharge less-sick patients to other forms of non-hospital care, and (2) the number of choices for therapy, whether pharmaceutical, surgical or devices, has grown over time. While each of the innovations has been tested and approved by the FDA, the interaction of drugs, devices and surgery has not, in many cases."
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Multimodal Pharmacological Therapy, 2008.
A case study analysis of the use of multi-modal pharmacological therapy in the management of post-operative pain.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance and use of multi-modal pharmacological therapy, particularly in the management of post-operative pain. The paper presents a case study of a patient who has recently undergone surgery and describes the use of multi-modal pharmacological therapy throughout the patient's recovery period.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analgesic Agents Used
Patient Assessment and Safety Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, the patient must be made aware of all that was, and is being done to her, as it would be futile to expect expedient recovery without informing the patient (ideally beforehand) regarding what she could expect post-operatively. The aim of this is self-empowerment. Orem's theories, particularly on self-care have played pivotal roles in accomplishing patient empowerment. Orem's Theory of Self-Care is significant in the realm of patient education, especially in this case because events such as pregnancy and birth are often life-altering. It is essential that the nurse also take on the role of the learner as well. In the process, the nurse becomes more introspective about herself and can more adeptly communicate the tools needed by the patient to carry on with guided self-care requisites."
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Nurse and Patient- A Conversational Analysis, 2008.
A tabulated question / answer report between patient and interviewer to confirm the disorder of depression and the manner in which to address it.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper describes an interview with a hospitalized patient detailing the responses to a listed range of questions. The paper presents the interview questions and the patient's responses in a tabulated report and then presents the writer's conclusions about the patient and the care he requires based on the report.
Outline:
Nurse
Patient verbal
Patient non-verbal
interpretation
Evaluate
From the Paper
'Knowing that CHF and depression are linked, I wanted to understand if the depression had lasted for a long time, prior to the death of his wife and the moving away of his family. While it appeared that he had been overweight for a long time, the depression did not seem to have existed at this level before the death of his spouse two years ago."
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