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Genetic Modification of Crops, 2002.
Looks at the many controversial issues surrounding the production and sale of genetically modified crops (GMCs).
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the technology behind genetically modified crops, the potential risks of GMCs, the benefits of GMCs, the criticisms of the arguments used to oppose GMCs, and the general worldwide opinion regarding the use of GMCs.
From the Paper
"But are these crops really so dangerous? The issue of genetic modification of crops is perhaps so vexing and problematic because the United States and the European Community pursue completely different policies regarding the issue. Unlike so many issues of health, both countries have completely different views as to the safety of genetic modification, the US allowing the process, the EU condemning it."
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U.K. Wine Import, 2002.
A report on the United Kingdom wine import industry.
3,672 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the wine import industry in the U.K. The paper begins with a brief overview of historical issues of relevance to the importation of wine into the UK and the globalization of the wine industry today. This is followed by an environmental analysis and a competitive analysis of the UK wine import market. The report concludes with a summary of key findings and includes tables.
From the Paper
"As evidenced within these trends, the wine market throughout the world is becoming more internationalized rather than concentrated within the Old World. These trends also emphasize that the wine market throughout the world is becoming significantly more competitive, with most key New World suppliers expanding their export sales at a relatively appreciable rate. As noted by Anderson et al. (2001), these trends are even more significant in that the rapid growth in wine exports over the past decade has occurred at a time when there has been a slight decline in world wine production and consumption."
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Hormones in Agriculture, 2002.
Discusses the effect that the addition of hormones to the agricultural chain has on humans and animals.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the use of hormones in our agricultural food and the adverse effects it has on animals and the human consumers. The writer provides an outline of the effect the hormones have both physically and politically on the consumer and the nations that support the use of hormones. The writer also presents evidence of the health problems hormones are thought to cause.
From the Paper
"As the world continues to grow, the need for food and dairy products increases as well. Using hormones to increase production of product initially seemed to be a good solution but as studies were conducted it became evident that there were possible problems and risks. The nations of Europe as well as Canada became concerned about the health risks involved with the US use of hormones in bovine. Because of the contradictions in opinions and study results it would behoove the nation to hold off on the use of hormone in cattle until the questions can be answered satisfactorily."
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Competition Comes to the U.S. Farm Sector, 2002.
Discusses U.S. farm policies since the 1930s.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the focus, impact and consequences of U.S. farm policies. In particular, it examines the 1996 Farm Bill, policy changes instituted in 1985, and the 2002 Farm Act. The paper concludes with an analysis of the consequences, whether positive or negative, of the Freedom to Farm Act.
From the Paper
"The United States has always supported its farmers through a number of different policies. This policy has included programs designed to distribute the nation?s land in an equitable fashion, increase productivity, raising the standard of living of American farmers and helping them to market their products (Westcott and Price, 2001). US farm policy since the 1930s focused on price and income supports. Until the introduction of the 1996 Farm Bill, the price support system relied on a series of acreage limits and storage programs (Westcott and Price, 2001)."
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Soils and Civil Engineering, 2002.
A brief overview of the link between civil engineering and the study of soil types.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
Soil has long been deemed important by agricultural concerns, however, it was only within the last 150 years that rail travel and, later, large-scale civic works made the study of soil important to civil engineers. The paper shows that the sub-study of civil engineering that is dedicated to the study of soil is more commonly known as soil mechanics. This field is used to assess the soil topography of land before major public or private construction projections are created.
From the Paper
"The five main types of soil particles that are encountered by civil engineers include (in order of particle size) boulders, gravel, sand, silt cohesive, and clay. Boulders are the largest elements in soil and usually present a problem to civil engineers, but may be used in a place where the soil is otherwise soft to form a foundation upon which to build a road or other civic work. Historically, boulders were used for this purpose before it was cost-effective to introduce other materials. There are cost efficiencies in the use of boulders: they can often be found where bedrock is not near the surface of the earth, such as in the great lakes region where they were deposited during the last ice age."
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Water in the Middle East, 2002.
A paper on the water shortage crisis in the Middle East.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
A report on the growing crisis in the Middle East due to the lack of substantial water resources. This lack of the necessary fresh water for agriculture and everyday uses has been brought about by a number of factors, the most important of which is the fact that the region now has too great a population to be supported by the ecology of the region. The paper looks at how the water shortage is dealt with in each of the region's individual countries and includes facts and figures relating to water usage and needs in the area.
From the Paper
"Some Middle Eastern nations, like nations in other parts of the globe, are increasingly turning to the use of deep aquifers as a way to supply their people with water, but the long-term consequences of this may prove to be environmental perilous. Moreover, such use of aquifers often (rather than resolving regional and international water conflicts) actually makes them worse, as is the case with the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, which lies under the national territories of Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan."
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Hard Woods, Soft Woods and Paper, 2002.
This paper discusses the microscopic-level differences between hard and soft wood and the relationship the two types have to the production of paper.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Under the microscope, distinctions between coniferous (soft) or non-coniferous (hard) woods can be seen. Soft woods are, as a rule, more simple in construction than hard woods. The writer discovers that this is the reason soft woods are preferable in making paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of Hard and Soft Woods
History of Paper
Modern Paper Production
Recycled Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Paper is the dry sheet form of an aqueous deposit of any vegetable fiber. It has been in common use for so long, we often take it for granted. We forget that our trees are being cut down at an alarming rate to produce virgin paper. However, recycling processes are trying to slow this trend. The making of paper has been refined to almost art form; indeed, some people create handmade papers as an art. While it can be made from a variety of vegetable fibers, such as hemp and cotton, trees have long been the main source for the fibers."
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Effects of the CAP on European Integration, 2002.
The paper looks at the formation of the European Union and the policies put in place to aid the integration of the various countries.
1,662 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper looks specifically at the CAP (Common Agriculture Policy) whose purposes included providing a stable market for food supplies and the stimulation of essential structural change enabling farmers to benefit from economic and social development. The writer discusses the benefits and difficulties with such a plan.
From the Paper
"At a summit of the EU heads of government (Amersterdam, June 1997), efforts were made to reform EU decision-making methods of the Maastricht Treaty and give the EU a ?more human face?. (Encyclopaedia Britannica Online) as it became evident that there was a growing gulf between the EU political elite and their constituents about the pace and direction of European integration. It was also recognized that enlargement of the EU would not be possible without far reaching institutional reform as it would be impossible to otherwise integrate countries in Central and Eastern Europe seeking or expected to seek EU membership."
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Genetically Modified Seed, 2002.
A look at the controversy over the use of genetically modified seed.
1,713 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concepts of genetically modified (GM) seed and the controversy that lies in the illegality of commercially growing GM seed within the European Union that hasn?t been approved by EU regulators. It uses as an example the venture between AstraZeneca Plc and the Dutch cooperative Cosun in manufacturing GM seed.
Outline:
The Corporation
The Controversy
How Did this Happen?
How Do GM Products Get Approval?
What Regulation Exists?
Where does Zeneca Agrochemicals Fit in with these Accusations?
Fallout?
Sources
From the Paper
"Regulations do exist for testing GM seed; different for the sale in both the United States and Europe. In Europe, before any genetically modified crop can be used in food, it is evaluated by an independent scientific advisory committee that reports to the EU government. Each EU member state may then examine the crop with their own expert committees. All member states then decide together and the permit comes from the state where the crop was first assessed. Any food product that is not genetically pure (within 1%) in Europe must be labeled as such.(20)"
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The Hazards and Benefits of Datura Stramonium (Jimson Weed), 2002.
This paper looks at the potentially harmful plant, Datura Stramonium. This plant, otherwise known as Jimson weed, is a very harmful and life-threatening plant to humans and livestock if used inappropriately.
4,821 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that there are many harmful plants that call our biosphere home. Among all the living things on the planet, plant species are undoubtedly the most important and valuable. Unfortunately, we as humans and the ultimate consumers on the food chain must accept the bad with the good.
From the Paper
"The plant, native to Asia, but also found in the West Indies, Canada, and the United States is often located on or near roadsides making it rather easy for young people to find. The Datura stramonium can be lethal when ingested, which presents a problem considering its location. One physician has commented on this issue; ?Although exposure is sometimes unintentional by gardeners or farmers, its toxic effects are seen most commonly in teens, who intentionally misuse it for its hallucinogenic and euphoric effects, while presenting with serious illness or death from its anticholinergic properties,? (Arnett). The plant has a strong history of that type of damage here in the United States."
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Genetically Modified Foods, 2002.
This paper is a review of the literature about the claims being made for the nutritional benefits of genetically modified foods.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an extensive review of literature and concludes that there is a lack of conclusive scientific studies about the nutritional status of genetically modified foods. The author states that the industry is still in its infancy with lot of media attention and claims with no clinical validation. The author concludes that the need for further research in this area is seemingly endless, but the first step is to identify the markers needed to measure the dependent and independent variables.
From the Paper
"One popular recent study claims that it has produced oil seed crops, which contain elevated levels of omega fatty acids, the same nutrients that make fish oil beneficial to the heart; at least this is how the mass media reported it. The real study, however, did not wish to infer that eating or cooking with their seeds would reduce the amount to fatty acids in humans. The product was being developed for the pharmaceutical industry. In this study genes that cause high concentrations of Omega-6 fatty acids in tobacco were transferred to borage seeds in an attempt to boost omega-6 levels in borage seeds."
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Lithops, Cacti and Exfoliating Bark, 2002.
This paper describes and presents the method of horticulture for three categories: Lithops, Cacti and trees with exfoliating bark.
4,470 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Lithops, a well known and admired succulent plant family called living stones or stone plants, that originated in South Africa and also is grown in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan. The author says that these plants are relatively to grow but great care needs to be taken with soil, temperature, time and amount of watering. The paper describes the wide variety of Cactus. The author states that, as unique as the cactus appears, its growth and flowering is similar to any other plants. he paper also describes the function of bark and the beauty of exfoliating bark trees in landscaping.
Table of Contents
Lithops
Growing Lithops Optica
Native Range
Cacti
Sample Growth Forms
Plant Care
Spines
Flowers
Root System
Metabolism
Growth
Exfoliating Bark
Trees
From the Paper
"All modern cacti do have stem stomata, so one of the initial steps in the evolution of cacti must have been mutations that permit the expression of ?leaf genes? in an unusual site, the stem epidermis. Producing stomata is a complex process involving the establishment of cell patterns, density of stomata and differentiation of guard cells. The similarity of the patterns in stems of modern cacti with the patterns in leaves of Pereskia may indicate that almost all the leaf epidermis development program is now being used to control morphogenesis of stem epidermis."
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Cotton Gin in America, 2002.
A look at the positive and negative social impact of the cotton gin industry on America.
2,383 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
Perhaps as much as any other technology in American history, the cotton gin shaped the nation?s economic, social, and political development. The paper shows that, although many people associate the cotton gin with only the South, its importance to the nation?s other regions is evident. It describes how Eli Whitney?s creation brought about not only an explosion in Southern cotton production but also led to the expansion of racial slavery throughout the region.
From the Paper
"A major impact upon the economy was the country?s sudden dependence upon cotton production. As a result of the cotton gin, many communities were forced, without prior notice, to depend on the price and abundance of a single crop (202). When the cotton industry was down, so was the economy of these communities. When the cotton industry was up, farmers rushed to turn a profit and often overproduced the crop. As a result, the economy would falter when the price of cotton would drop."
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Endangered Species from Deforestation, 2002.
This paper looks at the effects of deforestation on Orangutan?s habitat.
2,420 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how deforestation is affecting Orangutans' habitat and how without urgent actions to combat the deforestation, their extinction is imminent. The author examines the orangutan's habitat, deforestation in Indonesia, the current status of Orangutan habitat and gives various recommendations to solve the problem.
From the Paper
"The rainforests, thriving in the tropical humid rain lines of the earth, is a heaven on earth for millions of species of flora and fauna of the world. The frequent raindrops through the year and warm climate around the equator have made variety of living species in the wildlife grow as swiftly as possible. The outsized canopy of hundreds-year-old bulky trees becomes the safe home of assortment of vegetation and animals to breed and make the invaluable treasures of the world.
As time passes by, human activities encroach deeper into the wood. The high demand of logs, papers and other wood products had increased; and human grasp into the forests to cut them off to fulfill the national economic calls. The rainforest no longer becomes a sanctuary for the populations of animal and plants inside."
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Pollination, 2002.
This paper presents an explanation for the process of pollination.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining the process of pollination and its necessity for reproduction. It distinguishes between different reproductive structures - sexual cells within the plant or cones. The paper first examines the procedure of cone-bearing pollination and then that of flowering pollination. This is followed by a study of self- pollination and the strengths and weaknesses possessed by species with this type of pollination. The benefits of cross-pollination are discussed and the paper concludes with a look at the role of pollinators.
From the Paper
"Pollination is when pollen grains from the male structures of plants are transferred to the female structures of plants. The pollen grains are vital for reproduction ? they contain cells that will develop into male sex cells. The female structure contains the female sex cells, more commonly known as the egg. Pollination prepares the plant for fertilization ? when the two sex cells join. Nearly all grains, vegetables, wildflowers, trees, and fruits must go through pollination in order to produce seeds (or fruits). Pollination is also critically important in the reproduction of crops grown agriculturally, such as corn, rice, wheat, apples, tomatoes, and squash. (Dickson)"
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World Food Supply, 2002.
An analysis of the book "Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity" by Francis Moore Lappe and Joseph Collins which makes a clear argument against the existence of ?a world hunger crisis.?
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the book "Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity" which makes a clear argument against the existence of ?a world hunger crisis.? It shows how authors Lappe and Collins support their main thesis that rather than a ?global food shortage,? we are facing an unequal distribution system. It shows how the book discusses the development of our current food production and distribution systems and how it supports the idea that there is in reality enough food production to supply everyone on earth with an adequate amount of calories, but that there is much wasted energy in the production, packaging and distribution of food to certain parts of the world. Finally, the paper discusses the main thesis of the book that there is actually no real food shortage, just an unequal distribution to certain parts of the world.
From the Paper
"The primary focus of Lappe and Collins was to prove the theories of Malthus to be false through historical example. The theories of population growth as a basis for the existence of worldwide food famine is one of the major arguments world economists today who promote that distribution and development of better manufacturing techniques to in order to produce more food and support more people. Lappe and Collins have shown through many examples that there has always been enough food production to support the global population, but that a very small percent has been in control of the land to produce the food and the food itself, once produced. humans have always found a way to intensify food production to meet local needs."
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Destruction of Rain Forests, 2002.
This paper presents an investigation of the effect that the destruction of rain forests will have on the future.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of rain forests for the ecosystem and elucidates current concerns about its destruction by explaining some of the consequences of destruction. In looking at the causes of the problem, the paper explores the perception that the problems were local and not global, the problem of basic greed and selfishness and political problems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the impact of this destruction on the future of the ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Within the last few decades mankind has come to the understanding that the world?s resources are not unlimited. The rain forest has been a focus of concern for environmental groups around the world. Years ago society used whatever resources it wanted with little thought to the impact that would have on the future. Today society realizes that the things it does to the environment will have a domino affect across ecology. Things that mankind perpetuates on the rain forest are causing its very destruction and this destruction threatens the future of the ecosystem mankind is so familiar with."
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Opium, 2002.
This paper discusses the history, science and prospects of opium.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that many physicians considered opium to be perhaps the best natural pain reliever ever discovered. The paper states that Australia and France are sanctioned by the United Nations to grow opium poppies legally for the production and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. The author believes by employing new methods of biosynthesis to produce genetically altered plants, researchers hope to grow morphine-free opium poppies, ensuring a stable supply of codeine. This paper is complete with pictures and graphes of the chemical structure.
From the Paper
"Papaver somniferum has been used medicinally for centuries for its ability to produce a number of opiates that act as analgesics. The earliest recorded history of opium cultivation is approximately 3400 B.C., in lower Mesopotamia. The tradition of opium cultivation for medicinal purposes was carried on from the Sumerians, to the Assyrians, to the Babylonians, to the Egyptians, and so on to present day. Cultural references to the use of the opium poppy can be found in literary and medical texts, for instance the use of opium can be found in Homer?s Iliad (850 B.C.) and with in the Hippocratic Corpus (460 B.C.)".
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