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The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments, 2007.
An analysis of the importance and the application of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution.
3,234 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and application of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution. The paper analyzes each amendment and describes its importance with regards to the close of the slavery era in the U.S. The paper also discusses the implications of the landmark court-case, Plessy v. Ferguson and how these amendments related to it.
Table of Contents:
The History of These Three Amendments
Why Support These Amendments
The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Who Benefited From The 13th Amendment?
Hard-Line Southerners and Their Evil Deeds
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
From the Paper
"In 1910, Arthur W. Machen wrote in the Harvard Law Review - forty years after the passage of the 15th - that this amendment has been "despised, flouted, nullified, evaded," and moreover, had never up to and through the time Machen wrote his piece, been backed by the High Court to assure the suffrage rights of black citizens. And indeed it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to truly move the country forward into an era that the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution were supposed to open the door for. Jim Crow and Southern segregation were alive and well even up into the 1960s in some Southern states, as witnessed by the fact that President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General Bobby Kennedy had to send federal troops into Mississippi in 1962 to allow James Meredith to enter the University of Mississippi."
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"Let Nobody Turn Us Around", 2007.
An analysis of the narratives of African-American women in "Let Nobody Turn Us Around," edited by Marable Manning and Leith Mullings.
2,373 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the narratives of African-American women and their struggle to realize the American Dream. It presents these narratives from the articles in "Let Nobody Turn Us Around," edited by Marable Manning and Leith Mullings. The paper discusses how, through the struggles of African-American women, we can learn much about the goals of the Black Freedom Movement.
From the Paper
"The African American movement of the later half of the 20th century profoundly shifted from the Civil Rights movement towards the much murkier field of providing freedom and liberation for subclasses of the subjugated. In section five of "Let Nobody Turn Us Around", the reader is presented with the narratives of African American women and their struggle to realize the American Dream. The conflict embodied within these articles provides a telling struggle of a two front war. Not only were African American women victimized for their black heritage, and thus racialized and castigated by society, they also fought an internal war against the pervasive sexism of the times. Through their struggles to gain recognition not only as African Americans, but as African American women, we can learn much about the goals of the Black Freedom Movement. The cry for equality that these women iterate through their narratives is matched by the historical feminist stances of past generations. The struggle for freedom and equality voiced through the experiences of contemporary African American feminists mirrors a historical and cultural struggle for gender equality that paralleled the movement for racial equality. The crystallization of African American women's struggle for independence is emblematic of the greater struggle for independence from racial divides."
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Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass, 2007.
This paper looks at the accomplishments of Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass.
704 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life of Sojourner Truth, one of the key organizers of the Underground Railroad, part of the Abolitionist movement. The paper describes how she holds a prominent place in the history of the women's rights movement. The paper also looks at Frederick Douglass and contends that he deserves far more recognition than he receives. The paper maintains that his scholarly, descriptive and smoothly presented narrative writings should be required readings in every American history class.
From the Paper
"Sojourner Truth was tall, had a deep voice, and was a character. She never for a moment doubted herself, her mission, or her ability to move others in the direction she wished to have them go. In her speech, which she probably had given more than once or twice in her career, she made a few wise cracks at the expense of a previous speaker."
"He was saying that women are the weaker gender, that they need help negotiating mud puddles and getting into carriages, setting her up perfectly for her semantics. Using the power of redundancy and the charm of colloquial language, she mesmerized the audience. "Look at me! Look at my arm! I have plowed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me!" she argued."
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Recidivism for DUI Offenders, 2007.
This paper discusses whether recidivism for driving under the influence (DUI) offenders who are electronically monitored is lower than for those that are not electronically monitored.
5,396 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that race is not the only issue that is involved in the sentencing disparity of DUI offenders, however, it is one of the larger ones. This study explores all of the issues that are involved in disparity in sentencing, and does not concern itself solely with race. However, since race appears to be one of the largest factors, its importance in the study and the literature review is evident. The writer concludes that while there are no real solutions, one of the best ideas would be to have more law enforcement agencies use monitoring, even though many refuse to do so. The writer then suggests limiting the number of people on electronic monitoring and choosing which ones to monitor carefully, so that the offenders being monitored are those with the highest chance of rehabilitation.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Literature Review
Research Method
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Literature on this subject, which will be reviewed in Chapter Two, appears to indicate that some disparity may exist, and this is worrying for minority individuals, due to the fact that they are aware that, if they are arrested for DUI crimes, they will be likely to be punished more severely than those that are of the Caucasian race. The review of the literature will provide insight into this issue, and will likely shed light on whether this is an accurate assumption and whether there is anything that can be done to correct sentencing disparities if they do exist in the court system."
"Electronic monitoring of these individuals is often thought to play a role in recidivism rates, and that issue will be explored within the context of sentencing guidelines and other related issues. Unfortunately, there is little literature specifically dealing with sentencing disparity based on DUI crimes. This is unfortunate, but clearly shows the need for more studies. It is unfortunate for the understanding of DUI crimes sentencing disparity when it comes to race and other factors that there is not more literature on the specific subject."
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Gaines v. Canada (1938), 2007.
An in-depth look at the case of Gaines v. Canada (1938).
3,088 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the case of Gaines v. Canada (1938), the first case to directly challenge school segregation. The paper reports that Lloyd Gaines filed the petition for admission to the University of Missouri Law School.The paper goes on to say that the decision in the Gaines case focused on the practice of southern states to meet the provision of "equality" by awarding out-of-state tuition scholarships to black students. In lieu of providing equal facilities, blacks were expected to use the scholarships to defray costs associated with attending northern institutions. Southern states universally ignored the Court's ruling that the scholarships did not equalize the conditions.
Outline:
Introduction
Post-Verdict Era
Effort Towards Legal Transformation
Influence and Involvement of NAACP
Does Providing for the Legal Education of Missouri Blacks in Other States Satisfy Equal Protection?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Equal protection is a subsidiary of human rights, and is to be provided to all, irrespective of any preference, discrimination and likeness. The system that fails to uphold the notion of equal protection is under moral and legal obligation to ensure the implementation of equal protection draft within the system. It is to be considered a malpractice, if the system admits the failure of the provision on its behalf, but recommends the complainant to avail the provisions for the equal protection from another system. It is wrong to believe that equal protection can be provided to residents of particular region, and be avoided to another class of it. Therefore if rights are to be provided, then these rights have to be provided to all without any discriminatory attitude. A resident and practitioner of particular system, in under no obligation to avail his or her fortunes from other system, running at parallel. Instead, it is the responsibility of the system itself to broaden the scope of its moral and legal conduct, so that the grievances of the complainant can be addressed and resolved, in accordance with the sufficiently elaborated parameters of the law, within legal pretext. "
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Urban Riots, 2007.
This paper explores four urban riots in the US that were manifestations of the same urban troubles.
1,714 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes behind urban riots and focuses on the Watts riot in 1965, the Newark riot in 1967, the Miami riot in 1980 and the Los Angeles riot in 1992. The paper shows how these riots were all triggered by police brutality perpetrated by white cops against black citizens. The paper demonstrates the racial profiling and the unfairness of the criminal justice system that aroused public tensions. The paper shows how rioting can be viewed as disorganized, yet pointed attempts to mobilize a disenfranchised population to achieve political power. The paper concludes that cities and their governments must learn from these four significant events in American urban history.
From the Paper
"Urban riots often indicate underlying social unrest. The largest riots in modern American history can be traced to race and class issues that transcend and predate the proximate cause of the rioting. For example, the Watts riot in 1965, the Newark riot in 1967, the Miami riot in 1980, and the Los Angeles riot in 1992 were each triggered by striking similar events and were manifestations of the same urban troubles. In each of these cases, the rioting was triggered by white-on-black police brutality and jury verdicts that seemed unjust. The police brutality also relates to racial profiling in each of these riot incidents, reflecting injustices within law enforcement institutions."
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"Devil in a Blue Dress", 2007.
An analysis of race and racism in the book "Devil in a Blue Dress," written by Walter Mosley.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the novel "Devil in a Blue Dress," written by Walter Mosley. Specifically, it discusses the roles that race and racism play in the character, Rollins', efforts to resolve the problems he faces in the novel. The paper describes scenes and presents quotes from the novel in order to illustrate the points that it discusses regarding racism.
From the Paper
"California may have been a "heaven" but Blacks still faced discrimination there, and that is part of the "bottom" Easy is talking about. Blacks in Southern California still face that today, so what Easy experienced is not so different now. Blacks still live in the ghettos of Compton and Watts, face police brutality, and live in poverty. Violence is prevalent, and one of the problems Blacks faced was lack of interest from the police. When Easy is arrested, he notes how distant the police are from Black troubles. He says, "You never could tell when it came to the cops and a colored neighborhood. The police don't care about crime among Negroes" (Mosley 171). Thus, Easy is essentially working on his own as a private detective, and he, and other Blacks, cannot depend on the police for help or survival. This is just one more incident of racism Easy must conquer to be successful."
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American Slavery, 2007.
An analysis of the change in conditions for former slaves following the Civil War.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American slavery after the Civil War. It particularly focuses on it from the point of view of the freed slaves. The paper suggests that the slave experience in the United States did not change significantly after the Civil War, rather expectations and expected experiences among former slaves remained similar to those they held during slavery. The paper explains the reasons behind these expectations and conditions for former slaves after the Civil War.
From the Paper
"Slaves, prior to the Civil War, were under complete control of the white authority. These conditions forced a poor quality of life and even obscene treatment towards them. The life of Charles Ball and the sequence of events he had to overcome because of his race is evidence of the conditions existing for African-Americans both prior to and after the Civil War (Ball 1859). Ball documented his life beginning with his father's capture from Africa and subsequent enslavement. As a slave, Ball was separated from his Mother at a young age and eventually from his wife as he was sold to Georgia while she lived in Maryland. This reflects the complete lack of disregard for slave family life which was a characteristic of the slave experience in America. Also in Georgia, Ball was treated with extreme cruelty, yet he could do nothing about it except possibly to escape. Furthermore, Ball was able to escape captivity, twice, and even as a freeman buy his own farm. Yet eventually he and his wife were capture into slavery, reflecting on the nature of the laws towards their treatment of African-Americans. Even freemen were not safe from trouble in the culture in which African-American's were subordinate. Ball maintains that "misery loves company" and that he is a subject to "mutual sufferings," (Ball 277) indicating the conditions he feels exist as a slave. Ultimately, Charles Ball's experience is illustrative of the conditions that exist to slaves, as even when he becomes a freeman he is not entirely free."
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Harriet Tubman's Legacy, 2007.
A discussion of this legendary figure of the Underground Railroad who successfully transported many slaves to freedom.
1,627 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Harriet Tubman's rescue activities and portrays how she bravely returned south to help other slaves through the same highways and human byways she had traveled in her own quest for freedom. The paper illustrates how she managed to transport over three hundred slaves on her path, including her own family. The paper concludes that Tubman's legacy lies in the lives of the countless men and women she liberated.
From the Paper
"Although the name of Harriet Tubman has often been lauded by historians and in the popular press, this legendary, almost mythical figure of the Underground Railroad remains a mystery, even to this day. Tubman's creativity at personal disguise, the mythical allure she was able to cultivate, and her wily refusal to be pinned down to any secure identity or path were all the reasons for her success in transporting so many slaves to freedom. This also makes her a difficult subject for biographers to capture in print."
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Civil Rights: An International Movement, 2007.
This paper explores the implications of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X's international perspective.
1,064 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that although Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are associated with different factions of the American Civil Rights movement, both leaders brought an international perspective to the persecution of African-Americans. The paper discusses Malcolm X's approach to violence and his view that community solidarity, rather than individual rights was required to remedy the situation. The paper relates that King's vision was multiracial and pacifist, but equally inclusive and expansive.
From the Paper
"Malcolm X began his life as Malcolm Little, an admitted drug addict and criminal, who was redeemed through Islam, a non-American religion, and framed his own redemption in the context of a conversion narrative, and a narrative of nationalism that ultimately allied armed colonial struggle with the fight for African-American rights: "The same thing happened in Algeria, in Africa. They didn't have anything but a rifle," he said in one of his addresses making an analogy between the violent (as opposed to non-violent) colonial resistance of the successful Islamic resistance against the French in Algiers with the struggle of his people at home."
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Clinton or Obama?, 2007.
This paper discusses the US presidential election candidates, Hillary Clinton and Barrack Obama, and looks at which one has the best plan and best chance.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the chances of election candidates Hillary Clinton and Barrack Obama. The writer notes that both candidates have strong followings and both express positive philosophies about how the U.S. could be an improved nation at home and abroad. Further, the writer points out that it may be too early for many people to decide which one of the candidates would do the best job. The writer maintains that they are both mavericks, they are both iconoclastic in their passion to not only lead the country but to break long-standing barriers of race and gender. The writer concludes that the two most pertinent issues are who deserves to come out on top and which of the two has the fewest negatives and the most staying power.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
Supporting Evidence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hillary and Obama are both far more progressive politically than the current administration, but they both need to be more specific in their proposals, and they both need to give the middle class some reason to believe that American will thrive under fresh new leadership of the kind they offer. But at this time, I believe Barrack Obama has the best opportunity to win and to lead the country because Hillary has too much baggage. All the conservatives and ultra-right-wing pundits are gearing up to go after her with a massive negative ad campaign; there is a documentary in the works that is funded by the same deep pockets folks who brought the successful "Swift Boat" attacks against John Kerry in 2004. Also the chance of a woman being elected (breaking the gender barrier) is not as believable as a man of color, which Obama is, breaking the color barrier. It's still a man's world when it comes to politics, sad to say but true. Also, in an age of television-fueled campaigns, Obama indeed has ebony-colored skin, and he is African-American, but his skin is more on the side swarthy rather than the deep black of some African-Americans."
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Busing in Boston, 2007.
An analysis of the history behind "Boston Against Busing," written by Ronald P. Formisano.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper details the history as presented in the book "Boston Against Busing," written by Ronald P. Formisano. It describes the racism in the 1970s when the courts mandated busing children away from their neighborhood schools to more distant locations, as a way of addressing the racial imbalance in the schools. The paper analyzes Formisano's depiction of the events.
From the Paper
"The decision was handed down by Judge Garrity in 1974, and he sought to make certain that the order was followed immediately. The school board and its supporters were largely in denial that there was any segregation in Boston, but the court did not listen to this claim. The next argument was that segregation was beyond the ability of the school district to address, and the court rejected this idea as well. In fact, the judge found that the school system used a feeder method that assured that blacks and whites were deliberately separated into black and white schools. The system claimed that it allowed black students to enroll in schools of their choice, but the judge found that school policies were intended to discriminate on the basis of race. Formisano notes that the decision should not have been a surprise, though it was treated by opponents as if it were and as if there were no foundation or precedent for it."
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Post-Civil War Black History, 2007.
This paper discusses the post-Civil War struggle for equality for African- Americans.
2,195 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the era following the Civil War was not a smooth transition from a slave-owning to a free-black society, but rather was characterized by conflict over the needs of the Southern states in the reconstruction of their ruined lands and fragmented social and political order. The author points out that this period is significantly important to subsequent African-American history because it enabled later periods of de-facto segregation and traditional issues of daily prejudice; however, it also marked the beginning of a constitutional move to demand free-men's rights equal to those of white men. The paper relates that the black codes, which eventually were named the Jim Crow Laws, allowed for officially sanctioned freedoms as well as restrictions that created legal segregation on many levels all over the South and reinforced those that already existed in the North.
From the Paper
"From these movements local Southern activists emerged, like Fannie Lou Hammer, who spent the majority of her life fighting one campaign after another for local equality. The changes in the movement, demonstrated a concerted effort by national activists to include the voice of the people in the fight. The effort was successful in many ways because it helped create a system of people who were willing to endure countless personal and often violent attacks but who knew the local community and could create grassroots support for change."
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Antebellum America, 2007.
An analysis of the plight of women and African-Americans as marginalized groups in antebellum America.
1,357 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how women and African-Americans represented two groups with limited rights in antebellum America. It looks at how, socially, both were considered to have a role and a place and how neither had complete rights when compared with white men in the same society. It also examines how both women and African-Americans were marginalized by both Northern and Southern society for the entirety of the antebellum period and how the marginalization of blacks and women allowed for a social hierarchy wherein every member of society had a clear place.
From the Paper
"The availability of social function to white women was not unlike the availability of religion to African Americans. Even on slave plantations slave owners considered it important to impress Christian values on their slaves. In James Mars' exploit, he explains how the minister who had owner his parents had arranged and carried out their marriage so that they could live a Christian life (3-5). That the slave-owners felt any importance in this is particularly interesting, in that Mars' mother already had a child by a previous white owner (Mars, 4). Previous sexual relationships or children would have been unacceptable in a white women looking to marry; however, the sexualization of African American women allowed white individuals to look the other way."
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A Positive Body Image, 2007.
This paper discusses the positive body image of African-American adolescent females.
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that African-American adolescent girls have a more positive body image than white adolescent girls. The paper attributes this to the media, including film and advertising, that portrays African-American women differently than white women. The paper also notes that African-American girls may have closer family structures and better relationships with their mothers that may positively affect a girl's view of her own body.
From the Paper
"Previous studies examining the body image of adolescent girls have established a number of ideas about how perceived body image effects the actions and life choices of those girls. Some report body image as a factor in sexual activity (Rosenthal, Smith, & de Visser 319). Others see the media and advertising as playing a large role in the shaping how girls feel about their bodies (Hylmo; Baker). Finally, healthy attitudes from parents and other factors related to early home life also seem to play a part ("Girls' Body" 51)."
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Slavery, 2007.
This paper discusses slavery in America from its beginnings to the emancipation.
3,854 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer looks at the beginnings of slavery in America. The writer then discusses how slave trading became more and more profitable as the market for humans grew. Further, the writer discusses how repressive laws prohibited blacks from earning money. The writer notes that such laws produced racism as an integral aspect of American society and after 1700, racism was central to American culture. In this essay, the writer also looks at how the African-Americans managed to influence society and notes that, although it is not clear what early slaves thought and believed, they did bring creativity to their lives and found ways to adapt.
From the Paper
"After 1670 English settlers from Barbados brought slaves to the Carolinas and with them came a legal code that led to institutionalized slavery. They also brought a social system that approved of enslaving black people. Slave trading became more and more profitable as the market for humans grew. As the colonies grew richer on the system, they could afford to buy more and more slaves. There was further incentive for this because settlers were given free land in the colonies if they would come and work it. For each slave, they got an extra parcel. "
"As this was happening, it became illegal for slaves to get out by way of Christian conversion. Once religion was removed as a factor, race determined who could be made a slave."
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"Beloved", 2007.
This paper examines Toni Morrison's novel "Beloved" about slavery and racism.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life of well known author Toni Morrison and her book "Beloved." The paper describes the novel's focus on the institution of slavery. The paper portrays how Morrison uses the work to illuminate the plight of the slave and illustrate the human ability to act both humanely and inhumanely at the same time.
Outline:
Introduction
Morrison
Beloved and Slavery
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many authors use their work to convey a feeling, a belief or a value, but every once in awhile the world is treated to an author that knows exactly how to convey the human spirit, both in the negative and positive light. This is the case with well known author Toni Morris and her work Beloved. Morris uses the work to illuminate the plight of the slave, and the ability for humans to act humanely and inhumanely at the same time. The work is important to the history of America as it blueprints a time and attitude that should never be repeated."
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The Great Migration, 2007.
This paper discusses causes and effects of the Great Migration of African-Americans during the early 1900s.
1,838 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the black migration, during the early 20th century, from the poorer regions of the South towards the more advanced ones in the North. The paper explains this migration in light of the background of that historical period and the changing conditions that intervened at the beginning and during the First World War. The paper examines the consequences of this migration and notes positive and negative effects on the black population. The paper concludes that the black migration north represented an essential event in the shaping of the culture of the US.
From the Paper
"The society at the beginning of the 20th century was largely influenced by the existence of racism, which determined the orientation of the social attitude based on segregation behavior. The Jim Crows laws played a major role in institutionalizing this tendency . The moment of their enactment represented in fact the official and legal recognition of the segregation practice. These laws "enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the formal Reconstruction period in 1877 and the beginning of a strong civil rights movement in the 1950s" . however, until the emergence of the Emancipation movement and the Civil Rights quest, black people were constantly subjected to discriminatory treatment."
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