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"Growing Up in the Crossfire", 2008.
An analysis and review of "Growing Up in the Crossfire," by Modris Eksteins.
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the essay entitled "Growing Up in the Crossfire," by Modris Eksteins, a Latvian expatriate who moved to Canada as a child following World War II. The paper discusses the historical, emotional and intellectual points of view that are presented in the article. It also discusses Eksteins' writing style and reviews the accuracy of the historical content of the article.
From the Paper
"After being spirited away to Berlin, the Eksteins family, we are told, are then placed in a situation of lessened mortal threat but unbelievable poverty: a refugee camp where young Eksteins is to spend the next four years of his life. Eksteins evokes the end of the war in a unique fashion: not with silencing of gunfire or with friendly handshakes but with "a forest floor swept absolutely clean", which "is hard for Canadians to imagine" (356). This very statement sums up the essence of the overwhelming strengths of Eksteins' article: personalization of a phenomenon so foreign to us that we can only fully and emotionally comprehend it through excellent story-telling; little details that fill us with both horror and wonder."
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Post WW II American Wars, 2008.
This paper discuses three post World War II wars, which involved the U.S.: Korea, Vietnam and Iraq.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both the Korean and Vietnam Wars were Cold War conflicts waged by the United States against what was believed to be the global communist of expansion. The author points out that, although the Korean War was a conventional war, the Vietnam War was a guerrilla war fighting an insurgency similar to the current Iraq War. The paper stresses that the difference is that this Middle Eastern war, to a significant extent, is being fueled by religious factors. The author concludes that LBJ and his advisers blundered their way into the wrong war at the wrong time in the wrong place just as Bush has done in Iraq.
From the Paper
"By the early nineteen-sixties, the situation had deteriorated to such an extent in Laos and South Vietnam that President Kennedy increased military and economic aid and sent thousands of American military advisers to train the South Vietnamese Army. For these Green Beret advisers, training the South Vietnamese inevitably involved engaging in combat with Viet Cong forces, which resulted in the first significant American casualties of the Vietnam War."
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Japanese Modernization, 2007.
This paper discuses the modernization of Japan between the period of the Meiji restoration and the end of the Taisho period in 1927.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the restoration of the Emperor to the throne, which began the Meiji period, led to a series of official policies, such as a centralized government and moving the capitol to Tokyo, which were conducive to the process of technology and cultural modernity. The author points out that, in the Meiji period, acceptance of Western influences were shown in the cultural milieus. The paper stresses that, during the Taisho period, western influences brought about democratization as demonstrated in a two party political system and calls for universal suffrage. The author argues that Japan's failure in World War II began during the Taisho period with Japan's policy of the colonization of Taiwan in 1895 and Korea in 1910.
From the Paper
"The Meiji restoration refers to the fact that the traditional emperor of Japan was essentially returned to power in 1868 following an extended period of Shogunate rule led by the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa clan ruled Japan from the early 1600s until 1867 and was largely responsible for Japan's increasing isolation from surrounding countries as well as fierce resistance to intrusion by the Western powers seeking access to its markets. Perhaps the single most pivotal point, vis-a-vis opening up and accepting the reality of the forces of modernization, was a series of visits by Commodore Perry of the U.S. Navy beginning in 1852."
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British Loyalists in North America, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of the British loyalists in North American during and immediately following the American Revolution.
1,626 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of the British loyalists in North America in the period from the American Revolution to the beginning of the 19th century. The paper compares the impact they had during the conflict to that in the period immediately following the cessation of conflict. It also discusses the effect of the conflict between the loyalists and the revolutionaries.
From the Paper
"Historians estimate that about 70,000 loyalists fled the colonies after the revolution ended, with about 50,000 ending up in British colonies in Quebec and Nova Scotia (Mackenzie par. 5). A common argument has been that this sudden influx of British loyalists into Canada had a dramatic effect on the development of the nation and its relationship with the United States in the years immediately following the Revolutionary War and into the early 19th century. General antipathy toward the United States, a distrust of republicanism, and strong ideological ties with Britain have been attributed as strong influences in Canada's gradual development toward nationhood (Mackenzie par. 8-9). This argument would have us think that there was a dramatic divergence in values between Canada and the United States in the early 19th century as a result of the loyalists (Grabb et al. 373). In fact, this was not the case."
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History of Coffeeville, 2008.
This paper looks at the history of Coffeeville in Mississippi.
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the history of the region surrounding Coffeeville, Mississippi in the north central portion of the state is long and varied. The writer points out that though the region has what some might consider an ideal climate, European settlement of the region was quite slow, and the Native American tribes that were already established there--such as the Choctaw and the Chickasaw--remained unmolested well into the 18th century. The writer discusses that subsequent treaties and elimination of these tribes from the region hastened the formation of Mississippi as a state and the incorporation of Coffeeville as an important urban center in the development of Mississippi.
From the Paper
"But the early growth and development of the Coffeeville region would be truncated by the beginning of the Civil War, which had disastrous results for the separatist Confederacy. Union armies ultimately marched through the South and destroyed much of the railroad infrastructure that had been built. Nonetheless, there were some victories for the Confederacy in the region. The Battle of Coffeeville, an ambush of Grant's forces, was a decisive turning point in the advance of Grant's forces through the South, dramatically altering Grant's plans to advance on Vicksburg and had a major impact on the outcome of the Civil War. All of these major historical developments--from native inhabitants to early settlement to the Civil War--have had a significant effect on the character of Coffeeville, Mississippi and its surrounding environs."
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Coffeeville and the Civil War, 2008.
This paper discusses the history of Civil War activities in and around Coffeeville, Mississippi.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that, as with any Southern town during the Civil War, the effects of the conflict were felt in Coffeeville Mississippi. The writer notes that the town was immersed further into the war when General Ulysses S. Grant decided to focus on Northern Mississippi as a way to attack Vicksburg by land. The writer points out that the Battle of Coffeeville showed the spirit of the South, as the Confederates were successful in baiting and defeating Northern troops led by General Ulysses S. Grant. The writer maintains that though Grant did eventually defeat Vicksburg, Coffeeville was nonetheless important in hindering his plans. The events of the war and the battle were felt in the town of Coffeeville and surrounding county for years to come.
From the Paper
"During the Civil War, Coffeeville was of course subject to the many economical and social changes that took place across the South. The men between 18 and 35 were subject to conscription under the Confederate government, leaving the common town with mainly women, children, and the elderly. Agriculture was also a losing prospect as the war ran on since much of the Cotton grown in Mississippi and other southern states did not help the war effort. As such, the entire economy of the South shifted toward self-sufficiency after 1861. Coffeeville would not have been able to avoid these changes, which were similar throughout all Southern states."
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Thomas Fleming's "The Purchase of Louisiana", 2007.
This paper is a book report describing Thomas Fleming's "The Purchase of Louisiana", which details the diplomacy and rivalry surrounding President Thomas Jefferson's success in obtaining the Louisiana territory.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper states that Thomas Fleming's strong research in preparation to writing "The Louisiana Purchase" indicated that the United States wanted to gain control over access to the Mississippi River to be able to ship goods through to Spain and to provide safe harbor for American ships servicing the southern states. The author points out that Fleming argues that possibly Napoleon was willing to sell the Louisiana territory because he was more interested in diverting his attention to the unconquered areas of Egypt and India rather than the undeveloped areas of Louisiana. The paper stresses that the Louisiana Purchase was a victory with the rival French, established the U.S. as a world power and gave Americans a vast new and different land in which to acquire new lifestyles.
From the Paper
"It is obvious from the book that after the "Quasi War" or the undeclared war with France, relations were at a definite strain. These battles fought only at sea and lasted from 1798 to 1800. The tensions manifested themselves with France when they began seizing American ships and goods that were trading with the British. The hostilities between the U.S. and France became a major cause of frictions and physical confrontations primarily due to the greed over land and power that permeated the world at the time."
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Differing Opinions of Liberty, 2008.
This paper looks at the differing views of Thomas Paine, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson regarding liberty.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that for Thomas Paine, liberty was "common sense," the catchphrase that he used to describe his sermonizing pamphlet of 1776 denouncing monarchy. The writer notes that while this might have seemed nonsense to a colonist of a dozen years earlier, in 1776 it roused a people ready for independence. The writer then points out that Adams regarded the form of government as important and that he firmly believed that the separation of powers in government was essential to control human nature's tendency to become tyrannical. The writer notes that, unlike most of those around him, Hamilton favored monarchy and felt there were sound reasons for strengthening government. Finally, the writer points out that it was Thomas Jefferson, of course, who penned the opening of the Declaration of Independence.
From the Paper
"Hamilton felt there were sound reasons for strengthening government. In 1791, the Congress authorized an excise tax on distilled whiskey. To westerners, this was an insult. With only crude roads through much of the country beyond the bare seaboard, the westerners had no efficient way of moving grain. Grain distilled into whiskey was far more compact and marketable. Further, Hamilton's financial policies had so restricted currency that in the western territories nation that there was essentially no conventional currency. Whiskey became the accepted medium of exchange, offered and accepted in exchange for other goods. As a result, a tax on this amounted to an attack on their prosperity."
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The Rule of Law, 2007.
An examination of the rule of law in pre-modern China and Korea.
1,477 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the rule of law most commonly used in association with Chinese pre-modern (and modern) history, and by extension with Korean pre-modern history. It explains how the rule of law under Chinese legalism failed in its aims to revolutionize the corrupt existing governmental system. The paper concludes with the suggestion that future research should keep abreast of the current literature and political situation in China, Korea, and other countries in terms of gauging whether the rule of law still has modern relevance.
Outline:
Introduction
Methods
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The rule of law is a concept introduced by government which dictates that authority is only legitimately allowed when it is in agreement with written public laws and according to recognized legislative procedures. It is used as a safeguard against a government's ability to act of its own volition, as is rife under typical totalitarian and authoritarian arrangements. The arrangement generally capitalizes upon a distinct separation of authority with an emphasis on equality for the state's citizens. However, as with many government-enforced institutions designed with magnanimous goals, many believe the law amounts to little more than bureaucracy - that it is a superficial concession to public pressure which does not in reality restrict arbitrary governance, as government privileges can still be ratified via transformation into legal provisions."
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Yousry Nasrallah's Film "Summer Thefts", 2008.
This paper reviews the 1988 Cannes winning film "Sariqat Sayfiyyah" ("Summer Thefts") by Egyptian writer, director and producer, Yousry Nasrallah.
1,670 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Y. Nasrullah's films typically address some aspect of contemporary Egypt or the Middle East, including issues of leftism and Islamic militancy, and illustrate dimensions of political events and society, which are lesser known or not known to outsiders.
The author points out that "Summer Thefts", set in the summer of 1961, is most worthwhile for its depiction of an Egypt left behind with the arrival of President Nasser's radical agrarian reform agenda that could affect harshly landowning Egyptians and the Westernized bourgeoisie. The paper relates that, above all, this film gives the viewer access to a most varied Egyptian population in keeping with other Middle Eastern powers of which little tends to be known.
From the Paper
"Between June and September of 1961, Nasser nationalized the major heavy and medium industries, banks, insurance, shipping and public transport industries. Agrarian real estate, domestic trade and small industry were left in the hands of a bourgeoisie whose members would often opt to go elsewhere, much of their capital lost overnight to nationalization of commercial and industrial ventures and without confidence in the Egyptian economy to produce new opportunities or demand. The reader comes to see that families such as Nasrullah's in "Summer Thefts" were not just divided by politics."
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The British East India Company, 2008.
This paper discusses the history of the British East India Company and its monopoly of trade from 1757 to 1813.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, in 1600, the British East India Company charter from Queen Elizabeth gave the incorporated merchants monopoly privileges on all trade with the East Indies. The author points out that, when the Company entered Oceania, they encountered well established Dutch settlements from Goa to Japan around that lower Southeast Asian rim. The paper relates that the monopoly of trade by the British East India Company from 1757 to 1813 came about not through trade but through the intrusion of power politics by the destruction of the Mughal empire and the usurpation of the opium monopoly of Bengal. The paper includes many quotations.
From the Paper
"The path from profit to power, and the ultimate combination of both through opium, lay in the struggle between the British and the Dutch, and between the British and the Indian princes. The Dutch had in fact been at war with the British throughout the 17th century, and they had become well established in Southeast Asia. In 1634, the Vleilandt sailed from the Coromandel Coast across the Bay of Bengal to Syriam establishing three factories there for the VOC, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company."
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AIDS in Africa, 2008.
This paper explores why Africa is one of the hardest hit areas in the worldwide AIDS epidemic.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper suggests that the prominence of HIV/AIDS in Africa may be explained by (1) the impoverished nature of Africa as a whole, which makes people more susceptible to infection, and (2) AIDS denialism, which makes people believe they are not at risk. The author points out that both of these factors can be connected to colonialism, which impoverished African countries and created a racist discourse of disease, and to neo-colonialism, which keeps African countries poor and is the target of AIDS denialism. The paper stresses that the only way to reduce AIDS in Africa is to deal with this legacy of colonialism and the current effects of neo-colonialism. The paper included many quotations.
From the Paper
"Many researchers have argued that attempts to link HIV/AIDS
to Africa had a basis in racist philosophies. ... This argument would seem to indicate that arguments about the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa being caused by environmental conditions in Africa are part of a racist discourse. In essence it is the continuation of the argument that there is something mentally/morally deficient with African people that has transformed the entire continent into a source for disease. If the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa can't be explained by environmental conditions then how can this phenomenon be explained?"
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Holocaust and Jewish Thought, 2007.
This paper discusses the impact of the Holocaust upon post 1945 Jewish religious thought.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the influence made by the Holocaust upon contemporary Jewish thought. In particular, the paper looks at the works of Richard L. Rubenstein, Eliezer Berkovits and Emil Fackenheim and notes how these major scholars are forced to grapple with an issue that threatens to permanently undermine the faith of the Jewish people in the God of their ancestors. In addition, the paper also notes the general despair which often seems to characterize Jewish works in the post-Holocaust epoch. In the end, the writer maintains that the horrors of the Holocaust have forced many Jewish theologians to consider that they may be worshipping a God who is either not omnipotent - or not omni-benevolent.
From the Paper
"To start with, the holocaust was an event of catastrophic suffering for the Jewish people and this suffering forced - at least among some prominent intellectuals - a re-assessment of religion and, more especially, a re-assessment of God. Simply put, the horrors of the Holocaust challenged the traditional religious text from which the Jewish people had long read in a way that no other event could possibly have done. Specifically, traditional Judaism had frequently been at odds with modernity insofar as the proponents of historicism and positivism (to say nothing of the teachings of Hegel and Kant and even Marx) took issue with an historical narrative that emphasized the existence of a transcendent deity who not only created the world but who also designated the Jewish people as a "special people" with a special communion with God."
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Julius Caesar and Augustus, 2007.
An analysis of why Augustus was able to found a stable and enduring
monarchy while Julius Caesar failed.
1,416 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, although both Julius Caesar and Augustus improvised political strategies to support their respective dominance of the Roman world, Augustus was successful while Julius Caesar was not due to the respect that Augustus paid to the formalities and conventions of Roman political life. The paper looks at how Julius Caesar relied on the overt exercise of power and relegated the senate to a marginal position in the state and how, in comparison, Augustus employed power in covert ways and understood that he could retain absolute power as long as he paid "lip service" to republican values.
From the Paper
"The office of "dictator" in the Roman Republic was a position that granted its holder extraordinary powers. It was thus rarely granted by the state, and usually in times of emergency when a unified command was critical to the survival of Rome. However, given the echoes of absolute royal power in this office, Romans carefully limited the powers of the office to six months or the duration of the emergency; whichever was shorter (BGT 26-27). Julius Caesar, in his calculated political improvisation in a time of Civil War, relied heavily upon repeated grants of the dictatorship to give a veneer of legitimacy and legal authority to his supreme military and political power. In February 44, Caesar finally decided to assume the dictatorship for life as a matter of convenience (BGT 160)."
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Oliver Cromwell, 2007.
An analysis of Oliver Cromwell's vision of the English Republic.
2,172 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper critically explores and analyzes the origins, defining features, and practical implications of Oliver Cromwell's vision of the English Republic. The thesis is argued that Cromwell's vision was defined not so much by ideology, belief or philosophy as by a conviction that compromise and moderation were central to the government of England during the particularly divisive seventeenth century. The paper contends that, only through an understanding of Oliver Cromwell's vision of moderation as key to the resolution of civil strife, can we be begin to understand his achievement in navigating the ship of state during this highly disruptive period.
Outline:
Introduction
A House Divided
The Divisive Seventeenth Century
Squaring the Circle: Resolving Cromwell's Contradictory Vision
From the Paper
" Critics argue that it was Cromwell's youth growing up within an England in which the commercial classes and local squires were growing in power that contributed to his vision of an English Republic: "To all this new idea of government by squires and merchants Cromwell was born; in all this he grew up; all this was native to him when he appeared, almost thirty, in the first of the new rebellious Parliaments" (Belloc 13). Indeed, Cromwell's behaviour during the Long Parliament gives us critical insights into how at this early stage in his political career - long before he rose to near absolute power - Oliver Cromwell perceived the English Republic."
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Indian Indentured Servitude, 2007.
This paper discusses Indian indentured servitude under the British colonial system.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the indentured servitude of Indians in terms of both its successful incorporation as part of the colonial system of domination and oppression, as well as in terms of how opposition and resistance to this system influenced political and social development in the region. The writer argues that with reference to both earlier and later periods of indentured servitude on different Caribbean sites, an accurate history of indentured servitude requires such a balanced analysis to understand fully its complexity and significance in terms of regional history.
Outline:
Introduction
Indentured Servitude as Subservience to Colonialism
Indentured Servitude and Resistance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, to understand differences in resistance across the region - from island to island - we must acknowledge the extraordinary levels of control of the plantation and civil authorities over the movement and actions of the indentured Indians. For example, while discontent and resistance was widespread in British Guiana, on the neighbouring island of Trinidad - with the second largest colony of indentured Indians in the Caribbean region - there was minimal resistance. The differences between the two situations cannot be explained with reference to caste or class/education of the Indians, as both came from the same pool of migrants. Instead, it is theorized while the appalling labour conditions in the islands represented a tinderbox that would be lit at any moment, different approaches to dealing with potential discontent on the part of the authorities was a critical factor in explaining differences between islands."
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Joseph II of Austria, 2007.
An analysis of the religious reforms of Joseph II of Austria.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the religious reform undertaken by Joseph II and explains his motives for carrying out that reform. It also evaluate how successful his reform was and what obstacles prevented the complete realization of the reform. In addition, the paper discusses historical evidence indicates that Joseph's reforms were a waste of time and that there was no difference in the secular and religious structures from when the reforms were first started.
Outline:
Introduction
The Reforms
Effects
Motives
Evaluation and Obstacles to Realization
From the Paper
"Joseph was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and he ruled over the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the oldest son of the empress Maria Theresa, and was one of the enlightened monarchs. The great influences on Joseph II's education and thinking were the writings of Voltaire, the Encyclopedists, and the example of Frederick the Great. However, he used autocratic and arbitrary methods to get what he wanted (Black 255). Joseph came to strongly believe in the idea of religious toleration and believed it was important to reduce the power of the church over the people. "
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Trajan: Emperor of Rome, 2007.
A biography of life and legacy of Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus who become emperor of Rome.
3,192 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the life and career of Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus otherwise known as Trajan. It looks at how Trajan was one of the Antonine Roman emperors who ruled the Empire from 98 AD to 117 AD, following the extremely short rule of Nerva. The paper also discusses how Trajan's rule was one of the most contentious in Roman history and how, although almost constantly at war, Trajan was also responsible for expanding the Roman Empire to its greatest limits.
Outline
Introduction
Early Life
Career and Rise to Power
Dacian Wars
Further Campaigns
Period of Peace
Administration and Policies
Legacy-Honors and Reputation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Regardless of the political necessity of quashing the aggressive Dacian ruler, the Dacian Wars were less about retribution than they were of practical need. Dacia had value outside of its place as new territory for Rome. All of Trajan's campaigns came at a price, of course. His extended military campaigns were costly, in terms of lives, resources, and funds. Dacius also retained great strategic value, as well as wealth in "gold, silver, and essential minerals" (Kean 76). Wealth was not an incidental consideration when choosing to fight a war. Campbell states that "the extra cost of war might rather unpredictably be recouped by booty, as in Augustus' conquest of Egypt or Trajan's victory over Dacia" (86). "
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