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Trade and Civilization, 2007.
A review of K.N. Chaudhuri's book "Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750".
1,609 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses trade and civilization in and around the Indian Ocean. It begins by describing the general link between an ocean and the development of peoples and civilizations lying within geographic proximity of it. The paper then goes on to review K.N. Chaudhuri's book "Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750" that the contention he makes in the book that the Asian oceanic trade of the "Dark" and Middle Ages dramatically shaped Asian civilization.
From the Paper
"The last area of discussion is the manner by which the internal economies of the Asian societies were influenced and shaped into one form or another by the Indian Ocean. Without question, countries adopt their economies to the natural resources they have available to them. Trade can very easily lead to specialization in certain areas above and beyond all others and to economic and technological innovation of the highest magnitude. When examining pages 186 and 187 of Chaudhuri's text, one is immediately struck by how certain geographic locations specialized in certain export items, such as China specializing in the export of silk or rice. This development foreshadows in today's age of globalization, and it gives lie to the theory that the specialization brought about by a global market is somehow a twentieth century phenomenon. In a real sense, the indigenous economies of many Asian countries to the present have their antecedents in the Indian Ocean trade of the pre-modern epoch."
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Joshua Tree National Park, 2007.
This paper discuses the geological history of Joshua Tree National Park, located within the Transverse Ranges Province near Riverside County, California.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the boundaries of Joshua Tree National Park are several mountain ranges including a quadrangle underlain by a basement terrane comprising Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, Mesozoic plutonic rocks, and Mesozoic or Cenozoic hypabyssal dikes. The author points out that, even in arid climates such as Joshua Tree National Park, water and wind are the key dynamic as far as erosion of rock is concerned; however, what is seen today in this park is a collection of relict features inherited from an earlier time of higher rainfall and lower temperatures. The paper stresses that the park, located just east of the San Andreas fault zone, is crisscrossed with hundreds of faults from ancient and recent earthquakes, which can be viewed and clearly understood by an alert visitor to the park.
From the Paper
"On June 28, 1992, the largest earthquake to have hit the contiguous United States in 40 years hit the Joshua Tree National Park area - a 7.3 Richter Scale shaker. It was called the Landers Earthquake Sequence; it was the result of a "right-lateral shear on five major faults," according to an article in the journal "Science". The earthquake was generated in an 80-kilometer-wide swath of seismically active faults along the southern part of the eastern California "shear zone" - of which Joshua Tree is a part."
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The Everglades, 2007.
An analysis of the geology and ecosystem of the Everglades in Florida.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the geology of the Everglades and the development of the topography of the area. It describes how the Everglades in Florida is a major ecosystem and discusses the ways in which it provides benefits to all of the Southeast United States. It also discusses the geographic stability of the area, as well as the influences on the geology of the Everglades.
From the Paper
"During this process, sediments from the Appalachian and other inland highlands came east and southward in streams to be deposited on the faulted continental margin, a process that buried the margin under a wedge thousands of feet thick made up of layered sedimentary and volcanic debris. Most Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rock layers are today found beneath much of the coastal plain, and the fringing continental shelf is nearly horizontal or tilts gently toward the sea ("Atlantic Plain Province" paras. 7-8)."
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Tonga, 2007.
A brief overview of the politics, economics and culture of Tonga.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper relates thatTonga is a small nation, with a population of slightly more than 100,000 people. In particular, the paper looks at the political and economic conditions of the nation and how there are important components of the Tongan culture that a savvy business person must take into account in order to have a successful and profitable business experience there.
Outline:
Politics
Economy
Culture
From the Paper
"The political situation in Tonga could present a serious challenge to an overly ambitious foreign business operator. Tonga is a constitutional monarchy, but very different from other constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, where the royal family has mostly a symbolic role. In Tonga, King George Tupou V has a great deal of power and was recently given more by the national parliament (Tonga, 2007). That was allowed to occur because the majority of the Tongan parliament consists of members of the nation's powerful nobility, who have been appointed by the king for life to keep commoners from ascending to power. Although a democratic reform party has several seats in Tonga's parliament, it is still outnumbered by the nobility, which has a limiting influence on democratic reforms (Tonga, 2007). "
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The Republic of the Congo, 2007.
An overview of the make-up of the Republic of the Congo with particular emphasis on environmental issues that face the nation.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Republic of the Congo. It gives a brief overview of the history, geography, resources, economics and population make-up of the Republic of Congo. It also describes how the poverty of the nation has led to significant social and political turmoil in the land. The paper then focuses on the environmental issues that face the nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Overview
Population
Geography/Resources/Economy
Environmental Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Congo is experiencing numerous environmental issues. Some of these issues include water pollution caused by the dumping of raw sewage, air pollution, and non-potable tap water. All of these issues are of the utmost concern because of the impact they have on both the people of the Congo and the overall environment. However the most serious environmental issue facing The Republic of Congo is Deforestation."
"This deforestation is occurring in the Congo Basin. According to Tsoumou (2007) the Congo Basin is the second largest rain forest in the world. The Congo Basin is composed of nearly 30 percent of the world's entire vegetation, and it covers an area of 470 million acres (Tsoumou 2007). The Congo basin serves as the habitat for nearly 400 mammal species; this is inclusive of the world's largest populations of lowland chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest elephants (Tsoumou 2007)."
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The Effects of Overpopulation, 2007.
This paper studies the effects of overpopulation in the United States.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
Overpopulation has been a highly contested topic for centuries. Varied opinions are voiced such as, when there is overpopulation, natural resources are depleted as a result of the need to sustain the rapid growth. Still others opine that it is not as much as overpopulation but population density relative to the availability of resources. The writer discusses that it is not much really a question of overpopulation but rather population density vs. available resources and population vs. consumption of resources. The United States government, as the remaining superpower, should lead the fight against the negative effects of overpopulation. The writer concludes that the U.S. should curtail its super consumer culture and temper exploitation of natural resources by providing means of replenishing what was taken from nature.
From the Paper
"Whatever arguments there are on overpopulation, humans should be cognizant of the fact that population density should not be always the primary blamed factor but rather the actions done relative to population growth. Humans cannot simply lord over any and all resources without thinking that these are finite entities that need processes or plans to replenish. Emerging countries industrialization is not paying attention to environmental issues because of the feeding demands of their ever-growing populations. Misuse or depletion of the Earth's treasures to meet those needs, for example unsustainable logging, poor farming practices, and overfishing, threatens human life and health around the world. If these trends continue, humans might find each other fighting over basic resources such as food and water - and probably continue blaming overpopulation instead of the manner by which resources have been abused."
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Cartographic Relief Representation, 2007.
This paper is a literature review to provide a historical overview of techniques for topographical relief representation in map-making.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although global positioning systems provide cartographers with the ability to pinpoint topographical features and today the ability to express relief and contours on modern maps is commonplace, it was not always this easy. The author points out that, while the history of map-making is truly ancient, the ability to communicate accurately relief features on maps began in Italy during the 15th century. The paper concludes that today's cartographer enjoys the benefits of centuries of research into different ways of communicating three-dimensional features on two-dimensional planes and that the introduction of powerful three-dimensional computer-based visualization applications represents a true milestone in cartography history. The paper includes quotations and illustrations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Rationale in Support of Study
Previous Research
Objective of the Study
Organization of the Study
Background of the Study of Relief Representation
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Study Design
Theoretical Basis
Research Strategy Employed
Execution of the Study of Relief Representation
Results and Analysis of Relief Representation Techniques
Results
Analysis
Summary and Conclusions
Summary
Conclusions
Limitations of the Study
Recommendation for Future Research
From the Paper
"According to Kirschenbauer and Buchroithner (2001), although these three-dimensional techniques provide the user with a decent overall impression of the represented relief, the transmission of detailed information and precise height data as it is rendered by contour lines is not simplified to any significant degree. This is because any of the older (which is to say a couple of years) present detailed landforms with techniques that do not provide a truly comprehensive picture yet. However, these authors emphasize that new technological innovations are making strides in this direction every day."
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Heritage Attractions, 2007.
This paper provides a market focused appraisal for measuring the effectiveness of heritage attractions as a tourism product.
2,971 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that tourism is mainly based on geographical attractions, which include beautiful scenery, exciting and/or exotic locations, among others. The writer points out that the reasons for which people choose various tourist locations differ according to needs, preferences and affordability. The writer explains that heritage tourism is an example of tourist activity that allows people to enrich their basis of knowledge and information. Further, the writer notes that heritage tourism or cultural tourism is a branch of tourism offering the cultural dimension of the location where tourism occurs as the main value. Historical sites are usually the main attraction in this case. The writer discusses that the main coordinates of heritage tourism include culture, historic information, interaction with the local people and eventually, a perceived sense of adventure.
From the Paper
"Heritage tourism or cultural tourism is a branch of tourism offering the cultural dimension of the location where tourism occurs as the main value. Historical sites are usually the main attraction in this case. The main coordinates of heritage tourism include culture, historic information, interaction with the local people and eventually, a perceived sense of adventure. Heritage tourism allows people to get in touch with the past. At the same time, it is important to mention that it contributes to the preservation of the cultural heritage itself."
"The products that heritage tourism offers can be customer oriented. From this point of view, one could speak about creative tourism. Creative tourism is based on the principle of interactivity."
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The Turks and Caicos Island Nation, 2007.
This paper describes the ecological problem caused by the tourist industry in the Turks and Caicos Island nation, located north of Haiti and south of the Bahamas.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Turks and Caicos Island nation boast the quiet solitude of hundreds of miles of undeveloped beaches, which promote a strong trade in eco-tourism, and an archaeological past, which dates back thousands of years. The author points out that the recently developed Holland America Line cruise center, which has changed the landscape of Grand Turk Island, similar to the situation in other Caribbean destinations, does not preserve the natural settings nor add sufficiently to the revenue of the nation to justify the disruption of the environment. The paper stresses that creating a system based on eco-friendly practices, including limiting embankments and increasing time spent in various locations, is essential to the tourist industry in this area. The paper includes several long quotations.
From the Paper
"Robertsen in a pioneering call for research on the subject of the social, economic and environmental impact of the fast growing cruise industry states that the Turk & Caicos islands were being threatened by the development of this center (in 2001 before it was cemented). The evidence associated with many cruise centers is difficult to judge based on the fact that there is limited reporting and only marginal amounts of scholarly research on the subject. In trade magazines, the issue is largely glossed over as a point of great growth and expansion, ..."
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The Yellow River of China, 2007.
This paper looks at the The Yellow River of China and discusses the county's water demand and supply.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Yellow River or Huanghe is the second longest river in the world. The writer points out that the river rises in Tibet and journeys for 5,464 kilometers through North China. The writer discusses that the Yellow River is the source of life for Northern China, where 43% of the population lives. Further the writer points out that it is this river in China, which has been subjected to the strongest influence of human activities. With brisk economic spurts and the expansion of population along the River basin, the writer notes that waste water release has increased in unexpected and unprecedented levels.The writer discusses that today, the lack of adequate water supply, especially in the Yellow River region, is among China's biggest problems.
From the Paper
"The Yellow River is the source of life for Northern China, where 43% of the population lives. Yet it has only 14% of the country's water supply. Cities and communities have crowded along the River, in the hope of partaking with the rewards of growth and prosperity. The national policy also encourages it. The threat of flooding has already characterized the River from the beginning. Recent conditions present a further threat to the River's capability of sustaining the overcrowding and its consequences. The region's major cities are growing rapidly. In Ningxia alone, centuries of irrigation have created an oasis. For centuries, its farmers have believed that the Yellow River is a great gift to them and viewed it as an endless resource. Water demand has risen in the area and air pollution has reportedly reached alarming levels. Today, the lack of adequate water supply, especially in the Yellow River region, is among China's biggest problems."
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Volcanoes, 2007.
This paper evaluates volcanic hazards as it relates to people and the environment.
1,363 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the natural phenomenon of volcanoes and the severe outcomes that can result from a volcanic eruption. The paper describes volcanic eruptions in the past and looks at how scientists have improved the methods and abilities of protecting people. The paper relates that in most cases, scientists can predict when an eruption may occur and the best protection seems to be early warning.
Outline:
Introduction
History and Significance of the Problem
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Volcanic gases are released in the air and through the soil as a result of the Magma which is composed of dissolved gases. The most common gases that are released are water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. In addition to these gases, volcanoes also release smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, helium, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride. The survey explains that of the aforementioned gases the most harmful tend to be are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride."
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Boston, 2007.
An analysis of the economic, educational and cultural resources available in Boston, Massachusetts
987 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the historical roots and evolution of the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It describes Boston's economic climate, its transition from manufacturing to high technology and defense and, most recently, to healthcare and biotechnology. The paper then describes the availability of educational and cultural activities and centers in Boston.
From the Paper
"Boston and its surrounding suburbs make it the leading center of higher education in the United States. The number of universities is extraordinary. The two largest universities directly within the city are Boston University and Northeastern University. Other Boston suburban schools include Boston College, Brandeis University, Emmanuel College, Emerson College, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Simmons College, Suffolk University, Tufts University, the University of Massachusetts, and Wellesley College. On the positive city, students at these universities keep the atmosphere in Boston young and invigorating relative to stodgier New England areas. However, Bostonians have a tendency to place too much emphasis on where you went to school before focusing on who you are as an individual and what you have to offer. This bias permeates throughout social circles and businesses seeking qualified job applicants. Yet, Boston's strong economy accommodates growth for anyone who is motivated to succeed."
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Automating Land Survey Data, 2006.
A look at the methods and reliability of cataloging land survey data electronically.
2,094 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define a series of system integration and process re-definition strategies to enable field notes obtained during land surveying to be electronically cataloged and automated for more efficient use. The paper addresses the reliability of the data itself, which is captured and noted in field notebooks. The paper focuses primarily on how to automate what is today a highly manual repository of data existing in the 200 field notebooks that comprise the accumulated data to this point.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Starting with Change Management Is Critical
From Data Repository to Enterprise Content Management System
Advantages of Creating a Land Surveying Content Management System
Disadvantages of Creating a Land Surveying Content Management System
Proposed Costs
Considerations of Change Management
From the Paper
"The disadvantages of implementing an automated system to better manage the land use notebooks center mainly on both the time needed during work hours to train users in new procedures for using the system, in addition to the costs of integration with other systems to keep the current one relevant over time."
"In the majority of instances there are many more costs associated with implementing a content management system than initially appear during the forecasting stage (Columbus and Murphy 2), and the level of integration with other systems continues to drive up the costs of these types of implementations. With all these shortcoming said however, the savings in efficiency and accuracy of queries does have a significant effect on the Return on Investment (ROI) of this type of program."
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The Phenix City Story, 2007.
A discussion of the history and evolution of Phenix City, Alabama.
1,973 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Phenix City in Russell County, Alabama, otherwise known as "Sin City, USA." The paper discusses the history of illegal activity in Phenix City and how the city became a haven for criminals. The paper then goes on to describe the efforts to clean up Phenix City and how its image has begun to evolve over time. The paper concludes by discussing the name of the city, "Phenix."
Table of Contents:
I. A.K.A.
"Once Known as "Sin City"
II. Commonplace Sins
A Haven for Hellish Activities?
Cleaning Up Phenix City
III. The name, "Phenix"
Excuses and Reasons
From the Paper
"Hugh Bentley, a layman, decided to try to fire the churches into action against the sin and criminal activity in 1946. Bentley stressed that Phenix City's problem was a moral one and that until the moral breakdown was changed, things would not improve. January 9, 1951, Bentley's house was blown up with thirty-six sticks of dynamite, however, neither he nor any of his family was seriously injured."
"In 1954, Albert Patterson, a sixty-year-old Phenix City lawyer, adopted his campaign crusade to be cleaning Phenix City's gambling machine. At this time, Phenix City was described by Life Magazine as the "wickedest city in the United States, . . . everything from gambling to murder to arson to fraud." (Ibid.) June 1, 1954, Patterson won the Democratic primary."
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Satellites and Deforestation, 2007.
This paper explores how satellite imagery has affected deforestation in the Amazon.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that satellite imagery has affected the deforestation of the Amazon by detecting problems such as road building, mining operations, fires where land is being cleared for crops, logging operations, dam projects and clearing for building projects. The results of these satellite images also indicate rising heat indexes, less forest and damage to the ecological system that exists in the Amazon. The paper reveals how satellites determine data and offers general information about the technology.
Outline:
How Satellites Determine Data
What Satellite Imagery Tells Scientists About the Amazon
How Satellite Imagery Affects the Rainforest
The Types of Satellites Used and General Information About the Technology
From the Paper
"The amount of water or ice particles in the air can be measured by a satellite sensor and this determines part of the information that will tell what is going on, back on earth. Together with satellite visual imagery, the information can give a scientist an amazing amount of information. An article in Satellite Data Applications: Weather and Climate talks about how satellites may measure the physically based parameterization of cloud processes and cloud water. (Weng 407) These measurements are used in a SSMI/Cloud Liquid Water algorithm to find out how the clouds are affected by the thermal emission. (Earth 2005)"
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Tornadoes, 2007.
A discussion of tornadoes from the viewpoint of an emergency management director.
1,329 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that tornadoes are one of nature's most powerful forces. The writer explores the strengths of a tornado, the type of damage it does and the steps that can be taken to warn communities of its possible arrival. The paper discusses the Doppler radar system that can detect a tornado while it is still in the sky, the tornado siren system and trained human storm chasers and spotters. The paper explains that one of the problems with tornadoes is their unpredictability, but as emergency management teams nation wide continue to improve, the public will become increasingly safer.
Outline:
Introduction
Damages
Assessment
Warning the Public
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Out of all the natural disasters that can occur, tornadoes are often considered the most damaging and the most dangerous. While earthquakes are unpredictable, they have not developed a history in the United States of frequent occurrence or many deaths. Hurricanes, with the exception of Katrina usually provide enough advanced warning that the emergency management coordinators can provide notice to evacuate. Tornadoes, however, often strike with little or no warning and they can come in "swarms" during optimum weather conditions(Gugliotta, 2003)."
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The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993, 2007.
A look at the extensive damage caused in the US by the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993.
2,036 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993, also known as the Great Flood of 1993, is considered unparalleled in magnitude, extent and impact and was possibly the costliest and most devastating flood to ever impact the U.S. The paper reveals that fifty deaths were reported and the total damage cost was estimated at $20 billion. The paper looks closely at the damage sustained by the land, plants, birds and animals.
From the Paper
"This record flooding occurred from May to September 1993 across North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin and Illinois (Larson 1996). Its magnitude and severity were so overwhelming that the Flood ranks as one of the greatest natural disasters to hit the US. Around 600 river forecast points in the Midwest were above the flood stage all at the same time. It affected almost 150 major rivers and tributaries. Fifty flood deaths were reported (Larson). Causes or factors of the Great Flood were attributed the saturation of soils and increased stream levels in the fall of 1992, the snowpack in the central US, heavy rainfall in late March, the saturation of the northern ends of the Missouri River and an unusually persistent weather pattern from June to early August (Larson)."
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'The Land of Little Rain', 2006.
An analysis of Mary Austin's 'The Land of Little Rain'.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book, 'The Land of Little Rain' by Mary Austin. According to the paper, Austin's book is an observer's unique tale of deserts, plains and mountains in California. The paper further discusses how the author talks about the Country of Lost Borders and Ute, Paiute, Mojave, and Shoshone that lie on its frontiers.
From the Paper
"Some of the lines are indeed useful and informative. If I am a reader who is actually interested in visiting the place myself, then the chapter includes bits of wisdom and information that I might find highly useful. When the author explains why deaths are common in this place, she writes about illusions that desert creates and the effect it has on a thirsty traveler. Austin observes: "There are many areas in the desert where drinkable water lies within a few feet of the surface, indicated by the mesquite and the bunch grass (Sporobolus airoides). It is this nearness of unimagined help that makes the tragedy of desert deaths....To underestimate one's thirst, to pass a given landmark to the right or left, to find a dry spring where one looked for running water--there is no help for any of these things." This is a vital piece of information and might help an aspiring traveler in his desire to come back from the place unscathed."
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