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California, 2002.
A discussion of the different contrasts in the demographics of the state of California.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how California is a state rich in diversity and contrasts and how it has people of all races from all parts of the world. It looks at how its geography encompasses deserts, mountains and oceans, how small, rural towns exist within a short distance of bustling cities and how the climate could range from snow to rain to arid heat within the same day. It examines these contrasts, focusing on the natural geography, the cities and the people. By examining these features, it illustrates how these factors combine to create the lively and unique culture that characterizes the state of California.
Outline
Natural Features
Major Cities
Government
People
From the Paper
"The California legislature is located in Sacramento, making the northern California city the state's seat of government. Sacramento also houses the Office of the Governor as well as the State Judiciary (Wilson and Ebert 19). Because of its sheer size, there are several cities, which serve as important urban economic centers throughout the state. Based on population, the largest city by far is Los Angeles, in Southern California. Los Angeles is home to movie and television entertainment industry, which is a significant source of the state's income. In addition to the city, the outlying suburban areas make up Los Angeles County, the largest county in the state."
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Water in the Middle East, 2002.
A paper on the water shortage crisis in the Middle East.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
A report on the growing crisis in the Middle East due to the lack of substantial water resources. This lack of the necessary fresh water for agriculture and everyday uses has been brought about by a number of factors, the most important of which is the fact that the region now has too great a population to be supported by the ecology of the region. The paper looks at how the water shortage is dealt with in each of the region's individual countries and includes facts and figures relating to water usage and needs in the area.
From the Paper
"Some Middle Eastern nations, like nations in other parts of the globe, are increasingly turning to the use of deep aquifers as a way to supply their people with water, but the long-term consequences of this may prove to be environmental perilous. Moreover, such use of aquifers often (rather than resolving regional and international water conflicts) actually makes them worse, as is the case with the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, which lies under the national territories of Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan."
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Bangkok, 2002.
An overview of the history and geographic location of Thailand's capital.
1,937 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
As the capital of the "Land of Smiles," Bangkok fascinates visitors from around the world by its dazzling architecture, culture and cuisine. Since the city experienced an economic boom in the 1980s, Bangkok has become a crowded city, with infamous traffic and pollution problems. Despite these problems, however, Bangkok remains one of the most attractive cities in the world. This paper begins with an introduction and geographic location of Bangkok. It then presents a general background to the history of the capital before exploring some of the city's major tourist attractions. Finally, the paper looks at local industry performance and problems which face the city such as pollution and traffic.
From the Paper
"Bangkok is basically divided into two regions, the Old City and the newly developed areas east of the Old City, collectively referred to as the Greater Bangkok Metropolis. The Old City retains much of Bangkok's historical charm and architecture. Some of the less expensive places to stay are in the vicinity of the Old City, which houses most of Bangkok's major tourist attractions. The preservation of the Old City and its buildings makes Bangkok a model of harmonious contrasts: the major development can occur to the north and east of the Old City without encroaching on it."
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Peruvian Rainforest, 2002.
A study into the effects of deforestation on the rainforests of Peru.
5,299 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the immense rainforest found in Peru, part of the larger South American rainforests. The paper begins with a description of the vast amounts of flora and fauna which can be found within the rainforest. The paper then explores how the deforestation which is conducted in the area has led to the destruction of not only this unique and special flora and fauna, but also to the indigenous people who inhabit the land. The paper concludes with a research proposal whose aim is to help stop the destruction of these forests.
Contents:
Introduction
Political Ecological Approach
Historical Background
The Multiple Factors Contributing to the Problem
Analysis of the Causes of Deforestation.
Proposals for Research
References
From the Paper
"Currently the majority of the Peruvian Amazon is endangered by the threat of deforestation and other activities of man. In the early 20th century the rubber boom set off a continuing cycle of Peruvian politicians and international players bent on extracting natural resources from the Amazon with out much regard to the harm these activities would cause. Causes of deforestation in Peru do include logging, as well as oil drilling, spraying of chemicals and the clearing of vegetation to eliminate coca plants. Colonization by rural Peruvians leading to untouched prime Peruvian Amazonian forest being turned into farms and pastures are also major causes of the destruction of the Peruvian Amazonian forest. With the increase human population also comes increased pressure on the animal population due to over-hunting."
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Guam Typhoon, 2002.
A study of the typhoon "Pongnosa" which struck Guam in December 2002.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This research paper sheds light on the destruction caused by super typhoon Pongnosa in Guam on December 11, 2002 and its aftermath. Furthermore, the paper highlights the efforts of the contemporary as well as the previous governments and the necessary remedial measures taken by other authorities. The paper also includes a discussion on the impact of this shattering mishap on the tourism industry, which is the mainstay of Guam's economy.
From the Paper
"According to the special reports regarding the hazardous typhoon, "with winds upward of 180 miles per hour, Pongsona descended furiously on Guam December 8 with the intensity of a Category 5 hurricane," razing homes of the majority of Guam's residents, setting oil and other combustible tanks on fire (American Red Cross helping thousands: 2002). The ravage evaluation reports by Red Cross assessed that seven thousand and nine hundred homes were obliterated with more than three thousand homesteads experiencing complete destruction at the hands of Pongsona."
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The Dominican Republic, 2002.
A brief insight into the demographics, culture, economy and politics of the Dominican Republic (DR).
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Dominican Republic located in the Caribbean, on the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti. It provides basic facts and figures about the country and looks at the factors that effect day to day society and living as well as the effects of globalization.
Outline
Demographic Profile
Unique Cultural Features of Society in the Dominican Republic
Major Economic and Political Developments
A Major Change in the DR's Society
From the Paper
"The Dominican Republic was once ruled by Spain. However, in 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which subsequently became Haiti. The remainder of the island, which is known as Santo Domingo, tried to gain independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for two decades. In 1844, this potion of the land acquired independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. For more than a century, the Dominican Republic was largely unsettled and unrepresentative. However, in 1966, when Joaquin Balaguer became president, the rule of the country changed. Balaguer was in power for three decades until international reaction to flawed elections ended his reign. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held to elect the president. As a result of this improved political structure, the DR economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the area."
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"A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida", 2002.
A look at the history research book written in 1775 by Bernard Romans called "A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida".
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Romans sets out to describe the land to the reader and shows that this is his sole purpose. It analyzes Roman's thesis, which is that the region can be so described best by moving from east to west, and this is the approach he takes. The book describes the region of Florida, its flora and fauna and its geographical strong points.
From the Paper
"Romans opens his book with the statement that someone writing about a region should approach the mater the way an engineer would, by setting out the plans he will follow and by "directing my readers to the charts or plans accompanying it" (1). He first divides the peninsula up according to the weather prevailing in each section, finally concluding that West Florida and East Florida are virtually indistinguishable in terms of the weather. This is a "natural" history, and so Romans begins to detail the kind of flora and fauna found in the region, listing the trees that are found in different areas and the sort of terrain with which they are associated. Included among the animal life are the various Indian tribes, described according to their location and some of their habits of warfare, including taking slaves and scalps."
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Saudi and United Arab Emirates, 2002.
An examination of the differing cultures and religious observances among the people of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The Middle East usually comes across as a conglomerate of several countries, all-behaving similarly. However there are extreme differences even among neighboring countries with same religion and language. This paper discusses sharp differences between the two Middle East countries, namely Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.
From the Paper
"Saudi Arabia is a kingdom with one of the largest oil deposits which, to date remain the focus of the Saudian economy, taking away a major percentage of the Gross Domestic Product. Saudi Arabia's economy is thus dependent on oil and oil derivatives, which account for 90-95% of Saudi export earnings, 75% of the budget, and about 35-40% of GDP. To reduce this dependency, the Saudi Arabian government is studying non-oil revenue generating sources. Saudi per capita GDP which was highest in 1981, when both the U.S. and Saudi Arabia had a per capita GDP, in current dollars, of about US $28,600, is approximately $7000.
Public sector debt (almost all central government domestic debt) has been hovering between 90 to 100% of the GDP for the past few years. The accumulating interest payments due on this debt form a major portion of the capital expenditures in the budget. Though, it is interesting to note that overseas Saudi private capital amounts to $600-700 billion, or four to five times the Saudi GDP. Moreover, foreign worker remittances, about US $16 billion annually, continue to be a burden on the current account. Thus the Saudi economy, as a result of oil dependency and state-controlled enterprises is heavily burdened (Saudi Arabia Country Analysis Brief, 2003)."
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Theories of the American Frontier, 2002.
This paper challenges the theories of Frederick Jackson Turner as presented in his essay, "The Significance of the Frontier on American History", by using the example of the development of California.
3,460 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Turner's theory of social evolution, which states that the development of America took place in six distinct stages, which Turner applies to Wisconsin as an example. This paper, then, outlines the development of California as a whole and discuss the events in the development of Southern California that diverge from Turner's model.The author reports that rather than experiencing an agricultural period according to Turner's "timeline," California, especially Southern California, went right to the establishment of manufacturing and industry.
From the Paper
"Granted, the expansion and development of California, especially as it pertained to the movements from west to east or from south to north (as in the case of Mexican expansion), was not exclusively American development per se. There was exploration and conquest on the part of the British, the Spanish, the Mexicans, and the French. However, this supports the contention that Turner's thesis was not an accurate model for California. Turner's primary focus was on the expansion of Western European peoples (in particular, those peoples of Germanic stock) from east to west. California was a state whose development was strongly influenced by Spanish, Mexican, French, and even Chinese cultures."
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San Francisco, 2002.
A discussion of the long-terms costs of the exploits and urban imperialism of San Francisco.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the world has changed from an agricultural hub to a massive technological center and how liitle attention has been paid to the long-term costs of this transformation. In particular it looks at San Francisco, which has grown rapidly in merely 150 years and turned from almost a non-extent entity into a major city of the United States. It analyzes how the process of its growth has literally killed its neighboring areas by re-directing water supply and extracting minerals and other resources to feed the businesses of city financiers, corporate heads and other major wealthy elite and how its constant hunger for more development and growth has completely ruined its own landscape and stripped its surrounding areas of their natural wealth. It examines how the core of San Francisco's rising costs of maintenance reside diminishing corporate ethics and rapidly increasing lobbies serving the interests of large multinationals.
From the Paper
"Brechin reminds us that at the core of San Francisco's rising costs of maintenance reside diminishing corporate ethics and rapidly increasing lobbies serving the interests of large multinationals. Western Urban Water Coalition for example is a conglomeration of 21 water supply agencies that snatch water away from farmers to meet the growing demand of 35 million city dwellers in California. Apart from more water, this increasing population needs numerous other things including public funded education and other essential amenities."
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Moscow, 2002.
A city profile of Moscow, capital of Russia.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an overview of Moscow, the capital of Russia. It discusses various issues including the city's population make-up and demographics, an historical overview, urban elements and cultural and social features. The paper also looks at Moscow's educational facilities.
From the Paper
"During the Soviet era, streets of the central zone were broadened. The major part of the ancient inner city was brought down and substituted by government ministries, large workplace and residential buildings, command centers of national and international establishments, hotels and superior stores, developed marketplaces and key cultural centers (RACC. 2001). Consequently, one can only get the hint of Moscow's heritage through small cultural areas still preserved. Among the famous architectural structures are Moscow Kremlin, The Red Square, Boulevard Ring, Garden Ring, Moscow Little Ring Railway, Moscow Ring Road, Arbat Street and the Kutuzov Avenue (RACC. 2001)."
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Lithops, Cacti and Exfoliating Bark, 2002.
This paper describes and presents the method of horticulture for three categories: Lithops, Cacti and trees with exfoliating bark.
4,470 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Lithops, a well known and admired succulent plant family called living stones or stone plants, that originated in South Africa and also is grown in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan. The author says that these plants are relatively to grow but great care needs to be taken with soil, temperature, time and amount of watering. The paper describes the wide variety of Cactus. The author states that, as unique as the cactus appears, its growth and flowering is similar to any other plants. he paper also describes the function of bark and the beauty of exfoliating bark trees in landscaping.
Table of Contents
Lithops
Growing Lithops Optica
Native Range
Cacti
Sample Growth Forms
Plant Care
Spines
Flowers
Root System
Metabolism
Growth
Exfoliating Bark
Trees
From the Paper
"All modern cacti do have stem stomata, so one of the initial steps in the evolution of cacti must have been mutations that permit the expression of "leaf genes" in an unusual site, the stem epidermis. Producing stomata is a complex process involving the establishment of cell patterns, density of stomata and differentiation of guard cells. The similarity of the patterns in stems of modern cacti with the patterns in leaves of Pereskia may indicate that almost all the leaf epidermis development program is now being used to control morphogenesis of stem epidermis."
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Spencer, Massachusetts, 2002.
A description of the town of Spencer, Massachusetts, outlining the benefits of small town living.
1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history and demographics of the town of Spencer, Massachusetts. The paper provides an overview of the community resources and economic institutions in the town. A visual description is presented, illustrating the natural historic beauty of the town. The writer explains the reasons why he would consider living in the town of Spencer, Massachusetts.
From the Paper
"The town of Spencer, Massachusetts is an ideal place to live in since the town is largely residential in nature, offering all the benefits of small town living, the charm of country life and easy access to the advantages and comforts of working in larger industries and towns. In addition, Spencer has adequate community resources and strengths as well as a sense of history and therefore the comfort of continuity of a way of life."
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Melanoma in Australia, 2002.
A study of the causes and effects of melanoma in Australia.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the environmental cause of melanoma in Australia and the disease itself. It describes the skin cancer moles, the progression of the disease and its effects on the human body. The paper examines the reasons for the high rate of melanoma in Australia, such as the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, and the fair skinned people of Australia.
From the Paper
"The "land down under" is under siege. The enemy ravishing Australia's inhabitants is not an invader from a foreign country, but rather it is a voracious skin disease called Melanoma. In fact, the highest instances of Melanoma in the world can be found in Australia. The factors leading up to this outbreak can easily be attributed to geography, the environment, and genetics but perhaps the most distressing dynamic can be assigned to the sun worshipping victims themselves."
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Global Positioning System, 2002.
A study of the United States global positioning satellites systems.
1,955 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the military technology, the global positioning system, which is a navigational system that comprises of a complex arrangement of satellites that orbit around the earth. It describes the technology, its evolution throughout the twentieth century, and its immense military application. The paper then illustrates the wider commercial use of the global positioning system in the latter part of the century.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Events in the Global Positioning System Technology
The Origin
The World War II Era
Soviet Union's Sputnik-I
The Decade Before Developmental History (1964-1974)
Achievements of the Advancements
The Developmental History of the Global Positioning Satellites System
Pathway to the GPS Technology
The First GPS Satellite
Subsequent Developments in the Global Positioning System
Technological Account of the Global Positioning System
Operational Details of GPS
Record Information in GPS Satellite Signals
Reception of Information from Global Positioning Satellites
Communication Frequencies
Technological Advantages of the Global Positioning Satellites System
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The technology behind the global positioning satellites system takes its origin from Marconi's comprehension of the radio waves and their utilization for transmission purposes. This radio wave technology was employed for social advantage in the course of 1920s. In these years, radio stations were established, which minimally required a receiver to commence operation. A complex model of the same simple technology applies to the functioning of the global positioning satellites system."
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GPS Satellites, 2002.
A discussion of the development and application of the Global Positional System (GPS) in satellite technology .
2,893 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how satellite technology is used worldwide to provide important services in the fields of research, communications and more and how one of the most popular applications of satellite technology is the development of the Global Positional System (GPS). It provides an overview of satellites and GPS, including a brief description of the principles behind satellite technology and deployment and specifically of GPS. It also covers the origins and development of GPS as well as a synopsis of its current military and civilian uses. Finally, this paper also aims to address the future of GPS technology in the private sector.
From the Paper
"By 1972, the best characteristics of these satellite systems and the investigation of the steering group came together to result in the development of today's system that would be known as the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System. The program was officially approved in 1973 and by February 1978, the first experimental GPS satellites (called Block I) were being launched into space. From the beginning, GPS had to meet the radio navigation requirements of all military services as well as those of civilian users and by February 1989, the second block of GPS satellites (Block II) was launched into space. Today's GPS is now made up of twenty-four Block II and IIA satellites and one experimental satellite from Block I. (Commission 145-146)"
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Soweto, 2002.
A paper which examines how the geography and climate of the area affect the South African town of Soweto.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a climatic classification of South Africa and, more specifically, of the township near Johannesburg known as Soweto. It then looks at how the climate of the area has an enormous impact on the people of Soweto economically, agriculturally, and physiologically. The paper shows that the economic impact of long hot summers and mild winters is the inability to produce good crops, thus tying the people to the surrounding mines in order to make a living. The paper also examines how living in a certain geographic location can alter a person's pigmentation and facial features.
From the Paper
"Body style too is related to the climate of an area. Warmer dryer climates are associated with broader noses, where the nostrils are circular in shape. It is hypothesized that this facial feature, a feature common among the black people of South Africa, is tied to the climate. These types of noses have the least amount of surface area and would warm and moisten the air less than another type of nose would. This is an advantage in hot dry climates, like Soweto has, where the inhabitants face the challenges of draught and heat (Baker, 1974)."
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Internet Based GIS, 2002.
A paper which provides information on internet based geographic information systems (GIS).
2,477 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Geographic Information System (GIS) is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographically referenced information. The paper shows that the rapid developments in computer and communication technology have changed many aspects in human life. The Internet, being one of the major developments in information technology, has a growing demand for applications such as the Internet-based GIS. This paper contains description and background of Internet-based GIS. It also examines and describes several of the techniques, applications, and approaches that can be used to develop Internet-based GIS.
From the Paper
"A direct-access GIS application is delivered through a specific software product. It enables the user to directly manipulate and retrieve data. If offline, working with locally stored data is possible. Direct-access GIS applications are installed on the user's computer either as java applet or as a full software. ArcExplorer is an example of a direct-access GIS used especially for intranet system based data sharing. It doesn't take too much disk space and allows preparing graphics and inserting maps in word-processing documents. ArcExplorer can be installed as stand-alone application or as ActiveX plug-in to a Web browser. (Weise, Ulrike, Internet GIS)"
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