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Environmental Science, 2007.
This paper suggests that environmental science is a good science that is good for the environment, but polluted by politics.
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that lawn mowers may have been designed to make green suburban lawns look prettier, but they are anything but green, in terms of their effects on the environment, because they lack catalytic converters. The writer discusses that the largest lawn and garden equipment maker in the country and a powerful Republican senator are hampering attempts by the federal Environmental Protection Agency and state regulators in California to clean up the way Americans clean up their lawns. Further, the writer shows how the battle over catalytic converters in lawn mowers shows how economics, politics and good environmental policy often come into conflict.
From the Paper
"Lawn mowers may have been designed to make green suburban lawns look prettier, but they are anything but green in terms of their effects on the environment because they lack catalytic converters. Today, all cars must have catalytic converters to protect the environment. This means the dirtiest engines lurk, not in the nation's garages, but in the tool sheds across the land. And the debate over requiring lawn mowers to release the amount of emissions they can release into the environment is eerily reminiscent of Detroit's unsuccessful battle in the 1970s against environmentalists and consumer activists who wanted to reduce the effects of car exhaust upon the environment by installing catalytic converters."
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Phoenix, Arizona, 2007.
An analysis of the scarce water resources in Phoenix and how the city has coped with this shortage.
3,329 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a history of Phoenix, Arizona, with a breakdown of its population, economy and resources. It particularly focuses on how well the city has adapted to its arid geography. It discusses how the residents of Phoenix have come to grips with their scarce water resources and then analyzes how compatible the city's economic activities are with these arid land constraints. The paper concludes by discussing the various types of socio-cultural organizations that have emerged in response to these ecological conditions and the future outlook for Phoenix.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Demographics
Economy and Resources
Socio-Cultural Organizations in Phoenix
Future Prospects for Phoenix
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The same features that have historically attracted new residents to Phoenix can be reasonably expected to remain important to the city's growth in the future. In fact, given the rapidly retiring Baby Boom generation, it may well be that Phoenix becomes one of the five largest cities in the United States over the next 10-20 years. This growth rate is assuming, of course, that the water problems looming large on the horizon for the city can be solved today, because tomorrow will be too late. According to Mack and Varady (1995), "When examining water management, particularly in an urban setting, key issues include quantity (water supply), sewerage (water and waste removal), and quality. All three subjects bear directly on human health, and all are closely interrelated" (8)."
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Energy Trade, 2007.
An analysis of President Bush's advanced energy initiative to reduce the need for energy trade with the Middle East.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the energy trade in the United States. It discusses the increasing need for energy compared to the consumers' decreasing knowledge about where energy is coming from. The paper then discusses President Bush's State of the Union Address for 2006, in which he outlined his new advanced energy initiative, with the overall goal of reducing dependence upon Middle Eastern oil. It then addresses this goal to further advance the use and technology of solar and wind energy resources.
From the Paper
"Renewable energy has been used in various, yet mostly private applications for many years, with ah classic example of the farmer using a solitary windmill to provide energy to a pump that provides water to his fields or livestock or the application of several solar cells on the roofs of homes, either in remote locations where other sources of power are to expensive to obtain or in the city where the novice environmentalist wishes to "get off the grid." Yet, these applications are very limited and the much larger possible applications and the technology that drives them can be rather expensive, in comparison to other forms of energy attainment, especially with regard to initial investment. One of President Bushes stated goals is to reduce the cost of these investments through the development of less costly technologies. Though is a relatively simplistic look at the actual numbers, wind energy, on its own has increased in capacity significantly in the last few years and the same can be said of solar renewable resources."
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Water Conservation, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of individual water conservation.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that every individual must put forth the effort to do her part in conserving water so that there will always be enough for everyone on Earth. It attempts to show how, both positively and negatively, how an individual can make a difference not only on a personal level, but also at all levels from local to national to global.
From the Paper
"The local level is the easiest to effect with individual water conservationist measures as well as having a greater impact on the national and global forums. The reason why is simple; at the local level the individual can participate with changes in daily activities and installing water conservation devices in the home. These changes will have a greater impact due to the lower numbers involved in the micro sphere of the local entity - be it a city or county. At the local level, individuals should be concerned with changing their habits within the areas drinking and cooking, bathing, toilet flushing, washing clothes and dishes, watering lawns and gardens, maintaining swimming pools and car washing (EPA, 1995). "
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The Peregrine Falcon, 2007.
An overview of the peregrine falcon and how it was threatened with extinction.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the peregrine falcon, which has one of the longest migrations of any North American bird, moving some 15,500 miles in a year, from the tundra to South America. In particular, the paper looks at how the US put the American peregrine falcon on the federal endangered species list in 1970 and how, during the past two decades, the bird has made a dramatic recovery.
From the Paper
"The American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) was delisted in the Entire Range on August 25, 1999, with habitat conservation plans underway by numerous agencies in several states, including California, Washington, and New Mexico (Species). On October 05, 1994, the Arctic Peregrine Falcon was delisted in the Entire Range, and at present there are no habitat conservation plans underway (Species). The Eurasian Peregrine (Falco peregrinus peregrinus) is currently designated as Endangered in the Entire Range, however according to the FWS, there are no habitat conservation plans underway, nor refuges reported (Species)."
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The Eradication of Smallpox, 2006.
This paper discusses the issue of the eradication of smallpox from the perspective of environmental ethics.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ethical issues associated with the eradication of any naturally occurring element of the environment, including smallpox, concern the unknown ramifications of this action on the planet for eons to come. The author raises the question that if the eradication of one element, such as smallpox, makes sense, what other biological irritants, such as pollen for the millions of allergy suffers, should be eliminated? Where does it stop? The paper concludes that, because the smallpox virus can be considered a catastrophic biological weapon of terrorism, this virus should be eradicated based on the ethical principle of the good of the many.
From the Paper
"Smallpox is a deadly virus that has existed for centuries. In the past, global smallpox epidemics have killed millions of people, and the virus still hangs on, despite extraordinary efforts to eradicate it. One author writes, "By some estimates, smallpox killed as many as 500 million people during the twentieth century alone, and as recently as thirty years ago, it was still at large in over thirty countries." Officially, the disease was eradicated globally in 1977, but some strains of the disease still exist in laboratories."
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The Hudson River and PCBs, 2006.
This paper analyzes the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the Hudson River.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Hudson River has been characterized as one of the country's worst cases of PCB contamination. The author points out that community residents have advanced two primary issues of concerns about the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) announced plan to remediate the high concentrations of PCBs in the Hudson by dredging the material from the river: (1) the possible re-suspension of contaminants during dredging and (2) the disposition of dredged PCB-contaminated soil. The paper relates that, despite the glaring need for more research to identify better ways of remediating the affected parts of the Hudson River, the fact remains that the industries, which are primarily responsible for the problem in the first place, continue to stonewall by introducing spurious studies they have funded in an effort to delay or avoid any responsibility. The paper includes a table.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Stakeholders in the Hudson River Case.
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other metals such as barium, chromium, aluminum, lead, and manganese are also being released into the Hudson from runoff and discharges points, and are sometimes found at discernible levels in ambient water quality testing in the lower Hudson. During a 14-year period in the late 20th century, researchers found that (a) lead represented 58.5 percent of violations of Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) water quality standards for the protection of human and aquatic life, (b) cadmium for 6.1 percent, and mercury for 4.7 percent, out of a total 2,123 water quality violations in the Hudson River."
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The California Gold Rush, 2007.
A brief analysis of the environmental impact of the Californian Gold Rush.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the Gold Rush was a frenzied surge of greed and power into a beautiful serene land that was virtually without laws. The paper further looks at how people, determined to find great wealth, stepped out of their normal lives and values and plundered the land. It also discusses how California still suffers from the effects of this pollution and devastation.
From the Paper
"Although the small mining towns proved to be a source of jobs for some, there was atrocious racial prejudice on the part of westerners toward, primarily toward Native Americans and Chinese. If there happened to be Native Americans living in the area of a claim, they were quickly driven away from their homes so that a settlement could be established. Although many Indians were employed as paid labor in the mines and diggings, the "Gold Rush incited ambushes, massacres and deliberate extermination campaigns of native peoples in Calfornia" (Project Underground)."
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Air Pollution, 2007.
An analysis of the causes and effects of air pollution on the health of fetuses, adult morbidity and international conflict.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problems that air pollution causes and the effects that these problems can have on the rest of society. It looks at how pollution affects the most innocent of victims, namely, fetuses. It then discusses how air pollution contributes illnesses such as cancer and respiratory problems throughout the world, especially in countries that are rapidly industrializing. The paper ends by discussing an often-overlooked social and international effect of pollution - that of numerous wars and international conflicts that have begun over issues of pollution.
Table of Contents:
Effects on Fetal Growth
Effects on Adult Health
Pollution and War
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to low birth weights, studies have also linked pollution to birth defects. Epidemiologists with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that women exposed to higher levels of pollutants were more likely to give birth to babies with congenital heart defects. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. The scientists theorized that these pollutants damage a fetus's pulmonary arteries, which connect to the heart and the lungs ("Can Polluted Air Cause Birth Defects?" p. 158)."
"In addition to heart defects, some scientists have also theorized that pollutants could contribute to other physical birth defects as well. A 2002 study conducted in California, for example, linked air pollution to higher instances of lip and palate defects ("Can Polluted Air Cause Birth Defects?" p. 158). These findings are bolstered by the growing incidences of cleft lifts and palates in developing countries, especially those with high pollution rates and lax environmental standards."
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Alternate Energy Sources, 2007.
This paper discusses how alternate energy sources are important to global economic stability.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the economic situation of current oil resources, the principles of supply and demand and the need for alternate energy as emphasized by President Bush. The paper discusses how if we want global economic stability, the energy sector requires due attention. The rising demand for oil, its increasing prices and possible depletion of oil resources demand alternative energy sources. The paper contends that other countries should join the US in pushing for economic betterment of their countries and the world in general.
Outline:
Energy Scenario in US and Bush Administration
Economy of Energy Sector
Demand for Energy
Supply of Energy
Demand and Supply Equation
Oil Peak and Search for Alternative Sources
Conclusions
From the Paper
"President Bush has started giving more importance to alternate energy sources. In order to emphasize the need for alternate energy sources he toured advanced energy technology companies in Wisconsin and Michigan. He talked about different energy sources and new options like nuclear energy, solar power and a hybrid gas-electric car. "Overall, Bush's 2007 energy plan calls for a 22% increase in clean-energy research at the Department of Energy. It seeks to invest more in low-pollution coal-fired power plants, solar and wind technologies and nuclear energy" (Benedetto, 2006)."
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"A Civil Action", 2007.
A discussion of the critically acclaimed novel by Jonathan Harr, "A Civil Action."
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how pollution in the water of Woburn, Massachusetts in 1966 and its subsequent alleged deaths was attributed to the actions of corporations. Jonathan Harr explored the trial; the detailed legal wrangling, the lives that were affected and lost and the verdict and its aftermath. The paper discusses three main reasons why Harr's novel leaves a favorable impression of the civil trial system and addresses the critical question of whether or not justice was served in the case itself. The paper offers insights into Harr's thinking before, during and after the trial and presents an analysis of the actual trial documents that were prepared by the attorneys for the plaintiffs. The paper is of the opinion that in "A Civil Action," Jonathan Harr weaves skillful authorship with all of the power and emotion of the legal system.
Outline:
Three Main Reasons Why "A Civil Action" Leaves a Favorable Impression of the Civil Trial System of Justice
Was Justice Done in the Woburn Case?
Closing Thoughts
From the Paper
"In 1966, a priest who recently moved to the small town of Woburn, Massachusetts, noticed that the drinking water in his adopted hometown was bad- foul smelling, brown in color, and undrinkable. While this was viewed by most people up to this time as nothing more than inconvenience, it became something more when people, particularly the children of the town, began to be stricken with Leukemia in ever-increasing numbers. Ultimately, the cause of the pollution in the water and its subsequent alleged damaging affects was attributed to the actions of corporations W. R. Grace and Beatrice Foods that were industrial presences in Woburn, and had poisoned the town's drinking water with chemical runoff, resulting in huge lawsuits being filed against these corporations(Harr, 1995)."
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"The Monkey Wrench Gang", 2007.
An analysis of the environmental protest delivered by Edward Abbey in his book "The Monkey Wrench Gang."
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "The Monkey Wrench Gang" by Edward Abbey. Specifically, it discuss the environmental theme of the book and the ways that this theme is presented. The paper describes Abbey's approach in the book as a radical type of environmental protest that should be required reading in every college environmental classroom.
From the Paper
"If there is anything to dislike about this book, it may be the outrageousness of the characters. They are immensely funny, but they are all certainly perverse, and that seems to make a mockery of what they are doing. They are quite serious about it, but Abbey seems to be writing about all of them tongue in cheek, and that seems to take away from their mission and their enthusiasm. It also makes environmentalists look like weirdoes or "tree-huggers," which is probably what the author was attempting to convey, and yet, it takes away from the message of the book in my opinion. I understand why Abbey had to create diverse characters - their actions were bizarre and so they had to be, too. However, it was just a bit over the top for me, and ludicrous besides."
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Hybrid Cars, 2007.
A discussion on the emerging technology of a hybrid car, combining the technology of the electric and the gasoline-powered car.
1,239 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, in an era when oil prices are rising rapidly and the public is especially concerned about the added cost this imposes on the family budget, the hybrid car is getting a new impetus in the marketplace. The paper examines how the hybrid car offers the unified features of the gasoline-powered engine and the electric car, without the added problem the electric car brings of a limited range, while at the same time cutting down on the use of gasoline. The paper explores how the hybrid engine is being promoted both as a cost-saving device and as a more environmentally-friendly type of automobile.
From the Paper
"The electric car offers advantages but also has certain disadvantages. Still, some form of electric car might become accepted and would help reduce reliance on oil and help with environmental problems at the same time. The target market will grow exponentially once the electric car has a longer range, but for the time being the commuter market is quite large and ready to be drawn into a vehicle that can be shown to be economical, non-polluting, safe, and relatively inexpensive."
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"Comprehensive Mercury Reduction Act Proposal", 2006.
This paper analyzes the political and financial issues likely to emerge from the "Comprehensive Mercury Reduction Act Proposal".
1,670 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that mercury preparations and compounds are a vitally important component of U.S. production in a wide range of industries, but its use carries with it some known health and environmental risks. The author points out that the coal, agricultural and healthcare industries, which use mercury compounds, are most likely in favor of the legislation because of a lack of a suitable alternative. The paper recommends that the U.S. Senate support the proposed legislation because it represents a viable approach to moderating the impact of mercury emissions across the board, provides those industries that are not currently able to achieve EPA standards with the opportunity to improve and is cost advantageous.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and Overview
Coverage in the National and Local Media
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"How is this proposal likely to play out in the press? Clearly, this is an emotionally charged issue that is fraught with opportunities for misunderstanding among the public, and these misperceptions about the safety record and importance of mercury in many industrial applications may be overlooked. There is, in fact, valid reason for concern. According to Stadler and Murray, during a 12-month period beginning in 2000, several major developments in mercury-related industries emphasized the need for oversight in order to eliminate mercury pollution and exposure in the United States."
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East Baton Rouge, 2007.
This paper explores the history of the settlement of East Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the background and history of Baton Rouge. The paper describes how the territory was annexed and divided by and East Baton Rouge Parish was created. The paper explains that thousands of new families settled in East Baton Rouge Parish from across the nation due to the many highly skilled jobs available from the expanding industries and businesses, thus making Baton Rouge one of the leading industrial, educational and business centers of the south. The paper shows how East Baton Rouge is predominantly urban and comprised of many diverse ethnic groups, since settlement was based on economic stratification as opposed to ethnicity.
From the Paper
"On April 8, 1812, Louisiana was admitted into the Union (Brief). Baton Rouge was incorporated in 1817 and became the State Capital in 1849.
For most of the Civil War, between 1861 and 1865, Baton Rouge was under Union control, except for a brief time in 1862 (Brief). The capital was relocated several times during the war, then in 1882, the center of government was returned to Baton Rouge, at which time the city had a population of just over 7,000 (Brief). By the beginning of the twentieth century, the town had begun to develop industrially due to its strategic location on the first bluff along the Mississippi River north of the Gulf of Mexico (Brief). Baton Rouge is now 74.74 square miles in size with approximately 230,000 people, and the population of East Baton Rouge Parish is roughly 412,000 and is 472.1 square miles in size."
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The Virgin Islands and Tourism, 2007.
This paper discusses the Virgin Islands and looks at the impact of tourism.
807 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that tourism, especially in an ecologically sensitive area such as the Virgin Islands, brings with it both positive as well as negative influences and impacts. The writer notes that the central question that needs to be asked is whether the islands can withstand the increasing tide of tourism and the attrition of its ecological structure. The writer points out that the fact that the islands are economically dependent on tourism means that a balance has to be found between a vibrant tourist industry and ecological sustainability. The writer concludes that taking into account the sensitivity of the area one cannot be complacent about the impact of tourism on these islands.
From the Paper
"However, ecologists and other experts are emphatic in their view that there are also real and potential negative factors that impact on the ecological and environmental health of these islands. These include aspects such as over-crowding, environmental problems, destruction of the reefs as well as social and cultural problems that may result from alien influences brought from outside the islands."
"Furthermore, experts also warn of the potential chaos if tourism is left "unmanaged" and solely at the mercy of market forces. An example of what is meant by management is the control of the number of visitors in relation to the available infrastructure."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper discusses global warming and the possible solutions.
1,028 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explores global warming and looks at automobile emissions, the greenhouse effect, technological developments and individual attitudes. The paper discusses automobile emissions solutions that propose using alternative fuel sources such as hydrogen, or hybrid vehicles that run on both gas and electricity. These vehicles have a more efficient fuel economy and lessen dependence on oil. The paper suggests decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and improving new emissions-reducing technologies.
Outline:
Introduction
Automobile Emission
The Greenhouse Effect
Technological Developments
Individual Attitudes
Solutions for Global Warming
From the Paper
"As it relates to the impact of automobile emissions on global warming, carbon emissions from automobiles seem to be the most detrimental. According to an article found in Science and Technology the Marrakech meeting that took place in 2001, found that America and other developed countries needs to reduce emissions to 95% of the 1990 level within ten years (Griffin et al). The article also explains that America is responsible for 25% of all the carbon emissions in the world. The most consistent source for carbon emissions is the transportation system (Griffin et al). For instance, SUV's, cars, minivans and light trucks are responsible for 20% of CO2 emissions in the United States (Griffin et al). The author points out that even though fuel economy has improved, gas consumption has increased because of the different types of vehicles that are on the road."
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Taxing the Timber Industry, 2007.
This paper explores proposed changes in policy for the forestry industry that would encourage sustainable development.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that timber is not only an important economic commodity, it also plays an important role in the ability of the earth to sustain life on our planet. The forest is an integral part of the soil cycle, water cycle and the removal of carbon dioxide from our air, yet the timber industry involves removing these vital trees. The paper explores how taxation would be an effective means to accomplish the goals of sustainable development in the forestry industry. The paper uses the Georgia Pacific as a case study for the application of the proposed changes in policy.
Outline:
Introduction
General Information
Strategy
Costs
Possible Complications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The timber industry is not to blame for these problems. Many of the timber companies have an active program in place to assure that they are following proper management practices including reforestation. Many have policies regarding the use of sustainable management practices such as select cutting, rather than clear cutting stands (Georgia Pacific 2006). Georgia Pacific is one of the biggest timber companies in the world and stands as an industry leader in the forestry products sector of the market. This company is an industry leader and as such has an important role in setting an example for other companies to follow. They have a social responsibility to carry out their harvests using the most ethical methods possible."
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