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The New York City Blackout of 1977, 2004.
An analysis of the 1977 New York blackout from an engineering standpoint.
1,544 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the events of the summer of 1977 when New York City was struck by a massive blackout. It questions who was responsible and explains that combinations of factors range from an act of God and tightly coupled events. In the end, the fault lay with a simple system operator.
From the Paper
"In the hot July summer of 1977, the lights went out in New York City. With the city completely black, thousands of people took to the streets, looting and setting hundreds of fires. Only after twenty-five grueling hours was the power finally restored. By then, New York had endured over a billion dollars in damages. It is important to learn from this accident so that the mistakes from the past are not repeated. While a combination of ?an act of God,? (Casey 196), tightly coupled events, and operator error all contributed to the failure, most of the fault can be placed in the hands of the operator."
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Sunoco, 2004.
An analysis of the company, Sunoco, or the Sun Oil Company.
2,311 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a financial analysis of publicly listed company, Sunoco (SUN). The paper presents details of its major competitors, industry analysis, and employees, as well as recent financial figures. The paper points out that, while the company has had success in recent years, its size is miniscule when compared with the major players in the industry.
From the Paper
"The company netted $241 million in refining and $66 million from retail operations in the current nine-month period versus ? $79 million and $8 million in the first nine months of last year, accounting for the especially attractive P/E ratio. This was mainly due to higher retail gasoline margins of 52 million dollars. These margins averaged 10 cents per gallon during the first nine months of 2003, up 2.8 cents per gallon compared to same period last year. Distillate margins of five million contributed to a $7 million growth in sales. One of the company?s leading retailers is the Speedway chain of retail gas stations, which operates many of Sunoco?s retail stores."
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Synthetic Diamonds, 2004.
This paper discusses the industrial and gemstone capacities of synthetic diamonds.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that synthetic diamonds have the same unique qualities as natural diamonds, hardness, density, superlative strength, and thermal conductivity. The author points out that synthetic diamonds are created in a laboratory, avoiding the high costs of mining, transportation, foreign taxes, and tariff issues. The paper relates that the future of synthetic diamonds is limitless, especially their use as radiation sensors, light emitters, and unwettable coatings.
From the Paper
"In addition to the time saved, there is also a cost issue. Natural diamonds are produced in a limited number of countries, including Australia, Botswana, Russia, and Congo Republic. There is only one mine found in the United States. Since Americans are the consumers of over 50 percent of the world?s diamonds, this produces a costly problem. The costs of mining in foreign countries are high. According to De Beers mine, a leading producer of natural diamonds in South America, 250 tons of ore would need to be excavated to find one stone that would be large enough to equal a one-carat diamond."
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Three Fighters, 2003.
A report on three aircraft fighters in the U.S. Air Force, the F/A-18 Hornet, the F-15 Eagle, and the F-4 Phantom.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The United States has a fleet of fighter planes, which makes its air force one of the best in the world. This paper is a summary of facts surrounding the history and capabilities of three of the finest fighters in the U.S. Air Force, namely, the F/A-18 Hornet, the F-4 Phantom, and the F-15 Eagle. The paper includes pictures and diagrams of all three aircraft.
From the Paper
"The F-15 Eagle has a variety of weaponry; these include everything from 6 barrel cannon with 140 rounds of ammunition to air-to-air missiles. A multimission avionic system sets the F-15 apart from other aircrafts. It includes a head up display, advanced radar, inertial navigation system, instrument landing system, ultra-high frequency communication, flight instruments, and a tactical navigation system."
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The Bathroom, 2004.
This paper presents an extensive discussion of the history, design, and future of the bathroom and sanitation engineering.
8,865 words (approx. 35.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the first known bathtub was found in Greece in the great palace of Knossos and included impressive technologies that provided water for the tub, including a system of interlocking terra-cotta pipes. The author believes that the function of the bathroom needs to be pushed to a new extreme, allowing people, spaces, and domestic functions new potentials for hybrid activities. The paper relates that a complete home plumbing system requires three distinct networks of pipes: water supply lines, which carry water under pressure; a network of drain pipes, which works entirely by gravity; and a network of pipes, which serves to maintain equal air pressure throughout the drainpipe so that the flow proceeds without interference.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Bathing
Evolution of Sanitation
History of Water Closets
Environmental Aspects
Public Health Aspects
Basic Components of Modern Bathrooms
Toilet or Flush
Sinks
Tubs and Showers
Storage
Ventilation
Natural Lighting
Special Effects with Plants
Appropriate Plants for the Bath
Hydroponics
Spirituality
Landscape of Bathing and Relaxing
Metroscape
Artificial versus Real
The New Landscape in Metro Area
Water Supply Service
Purification
Boosting by Pump
Boosting by Pressure Cylinder Water Pump
Drainage
Vents and Traps
The Ideal Living, the Bathroom in New Product Design Context
The Future of the Bathroom Is Here
From the Paper
"In fact, until the mid-nineteenth century, streets were used as refuse dumping grounds, domestic animals roamed the streets and rodents ran rampant. Cesspools were located near houses and buildings, reeking and spreading germs. The Industrial Revolution and discoveries such as the germ theory brought about major changes in approach, raising the standard of living and ending serious epidemics. By 1900, improved nutrition, better sanitation, and, especially, contributions from bacteriologists increased life expectancy at birth by almost six years to age 47.3."
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The Hoover Dam, 2004.
This paper is the story of the building of the Hoover Dam, which is, in a sense, the story of the building of America.
3,720 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that when America?s leaders began to develop ideas for how best to tap into the natural resources in the vast, sprawling Western lands, they didn?t shrink from thinking splendid thoughts on a grand, colossal scale, which resulted in the building of Hoover Dam. The paper details the history of how the mighty Colorado River, ?America?s most dangerous river,? became the conduit for the annual production of 10 billion kilowatt-hours of electrical energy. The author believes that the story of how the Hoover Dam was built is a demonstration of how, today, jobs could be created, positive projects could be constructed, and the future could be made stronger and brighter.
Table of Contents
Thesis
Introduction
Background Colorado River Facts
The Early History of the River
Floods Create Havoc along the Southern Banks of the Colorado
Selecting a Site and Working out Water Rights for the Dam
Legal and Political Problems
The Hoover Dam Project Begins in Earnest
Living Conditions for the Workers
Deaths during Construction of Hoover Dam
The Specific Strategy to Tame the Colorado River
Specific Numbers and Data
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The building of the dam was not only a much-needed flood control and electrical generating endeavor but also a job-producing project in the midst of the Great Depression. There were 5,218 men working on the dam at the peak of construction, men who desperately needed work in very rough economic times. With a monthly payroll of some $750,000, that worked out to around $145 per month per man. The men ate at a mess hall that fed 1,300 workers at a time. It cost each single man $1.60 per day for food, housing, and transportation to and from the dam site. For married men, the cost for a small, unfurnished house ran between $15 and $50 a month."
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Urban Sprawl, 2004.
A study of the growing size and number of urban dwelling areas or cities around the world.
4,009 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the increasing phenomena of urban sprawl. The paper begins by trying to define what urban living is and concludes that it is a movement of segmented civilization away from a steadily de-popularized city center, into new, but nearby, insular developments that,nonetheless, rely on and interact with the mother city to a degree that serves to distinguish them from being entirely new, city-type entities. The writer uses the neighborhood of Hough in Cleveland as a typical example of an urban area and shows the make-up and design of this type of area. The paper includes a discussion of the issues that affect urban life, including race, politics, social issues, economic issues, and education.
From the Paper
"The colors of urban sprawl are undeniably clear, visible from even casual experience and from statistics. Not all the number laundering in the world can hide the fact that the majority of those left in the urban centers are poor and black, and that the majority in the new suburbs are upper-class and white, and that the middle suburbs show a largely segregated gradient. The easiest conclusion to draw is the one drawn by many activists and social critics suggesting that the white majority oppresses and segregates the black minority to keep them poor. One might easily assume that the driving force in urban sprawl was the desire to keep cities segregated. ?In reality the residential mosaic is shaped in part by a combination of economic forces and group preferences, and it is simplistic to assume the driving force to be clearly racial animus.? (Clark, 3) However, race is a huge consideration in the creation of urban sprawl."
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Quantitative Methodology, 2004.
A look at the difference between quantitative and qualitative methodology.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the strengths of quantitative research, while also touching on the strengths of qualitative research, arguing that there is no single right way to do research. It argues that the preferences of the researcher, along with the constraints of the data, should guide the researcher into choosing the research design that is most suited for the project at hand.
From the Paper
"The researcher setting to conquer a new field of knowledge must make a series of decisions from the very beginning of the research that will determine what type of data ? and answers ? he or she will find. In most cases, the very first decision that a researcher must make in deciding to carry out a piece of research is the choice between qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Although there is no reason why the two cannot be combined to pursue creative and powerful research (an in fact the tendency to combine qualitative and quantitative methods is becoming more and more common) it remains the case that most researchers and therefore most pieces of research are based almost entirely upon either qualitative or quantitative work. The choice between these two is important because they reflect entirely different underlying epistemologies and research philosophies. The values of quantitative research and the ways in quantitative research might best be used are explored in this paper."
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Imaging of Brain Activation, 2003.
Discusses functional and future tools for the imaging of brain activation, exploring EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, and others.
6,100 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 56 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
How the brain functions has been of great interest to man for centuries, and in the past few decades, technology has created tools to investigate this process. This paper provides an overview of the five major imaging modalities for brain function: EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, and SPECT. The paper discusses the technology, the applications, and the future applications, as well as explores the current issues in the area. The paper includes colored photographs and figures.
From the Paper
"Functional imaging tools in current use include electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Functional brain imaging is used to diagnose and track the treatment of various brain disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other psychological disorders. Functional tools are also used in complex pre-surgical planning and surgical mapping. Issues in the literature relate to the removal of artifacts and increasing resolution. Future directions of the technologies include the combination of modalities, development of surgical planning methods, clinical applications in stroke research, and future uses in epilepsy."
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Engineering Building Techniques, 2004.
A focus on various software engineering techniques that can be employed during the development of a project.
4,564 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the designing and building of projects or software requires software engineers to analyze data input or data flow systematically, processing or transforming data, data storage, and information output, within the context of a particular business. It outlines various models, methods, and approaches that are currently being used by the software development industry and illustrates object-oriented techniques behind the building of software in association with Unified Modeling Language (UML). Emphasis is also made on the accessing of information through various scripting languages. It also explains the concept of the database and the information manipulation in a database.
From the Paper
"A very different approach to system development is object oriented system design. Object oriented techniques, which are based on object oriented programming concepts can help analysts respond to the organizational demands for new systems that must undergo continuous maintenance, adaptation and redesign. In object programming, objects are created that include not only code about data, but also interactions about operations to be performed on it. Operational prototypes are usually utilized during the design phase, often done via Rapid Application Development. Object Oriented Design makes use of objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism."
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Superconductivity, 2003.
Examines how superconductivity is changing the playing field in the alternative energy field.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
While the debate over fossil fuels and global warming continues, scientists are continuing their research into more efficient methods of providing a wide variety of applications, some of which are still being discovered. This paper provides a review and discussion concerning the current status of superconductivity, its existing applications and trends, and trends for the future. This paper includes two relevant graphics.
From the Paper
"Superconductivity consists of the complete disappearance of electrical resistance in various solids when they are cooled below a characteristic temperature. This temperature is called the transition temperature and it varies for different materials but it is generally cited at being below 20 K (-253? C). The phenomenon of superconductivity was first discovered in mercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. However, similar behavior has been identified in approximately 25 other chemical elements (including lead and tin) and in thousands of alloys and chemical compounds. Oher materials that have been studied to within fractions of a degree of absolute zero have consistently demonstrated normal resistance to the flow of electric currents. The use of superconductors in magnets is constrained by the fact that strong magnetic fields above a certain critical value, depending upon the material, cause a superconductor to revert to its normal, or nonsuperconducting, state, even though the material is kept well below the transition temperature (Superconductivity, 2003)."
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The Solid State Physics of the Light Emitting Diode, 2002.
How LEDs work and their future.
2,006 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how light emitting diodes (LEDs) work, materials used to make them, their significance in everyday appliances, and what they may be used for in the future by employing new technologies. The full utility of these devices has not yet been realized; they are highly efficient and have many applications in illumination and storage technology. This paper ?sheds some light? on the many uses for this seemingly simple device.
From the Paper
"Before discussing semiconductors and semiconductor devices we should first cover the basics of conduction. Conductivity of a material is dependent on three factors. First is the number of charge carriers per unit volume or carrier density. Charge carriers can be electrons, holes or ions or any combination thereof. The second factor is the charge per carrier. This is typically measured in Coulombs so it is the elementary charge in the case of electrons and holes or is the charge of the ion in that case. The third factor is the charge mobility. This factor is a little more complicated and will be covered in more depth later. It is dependent, however, on acceleration of the carrier, dependent on electric field strength, and the average time between collisions, which is dependent on temperature and defect concentration. The conductivity is then the product of these three terms."
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Challenger Case Study: Lessons Learned, 2003.
An overview and analysis of NASA's work culture and the lessons learned from the space shuttle Challenger catastrophe.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, like most tragic or unusual events in history, the 1986 NASA Challenger explosion offers a hindsight perspective of what ?went wrong? and what ?should have been done? to prevent the loss of lives.
From the Paper
"The United States? government, NASA officials, airspace scientists, engineers, educators, public interest groups, and the media alike, immediately jumped on the band wagon to explain the events that led up to the tragedy. President Reagan initiated an independent commission to investigate all of the parties involved, while NASA, the media, and the scientific community pointed fingers, called names, and ?explained away? with great political finesse the behavior and choices that ultimately led to explosion. Very much like the Salem Witch Hunt Trials, people were questioned and re-questioned concerning their thoughts and actions. Reporters, academicians, social scientists, culturalists, authors, and even, folk song writers, seized the moment to ?glean and explain? the events and the ?lessons learned.? The author, Diane Vaughan, is one of many, who attempted to offer, for a nominal fee of $20+ tax per copy, a ?cultural-contextual? explanation of people?s thoughts and behavior before and after the explosion. Based on the reading of Dr. Vaughan?s book as well as a review of other articles and reports, below is an outline of some of the ?lessons learned? from the Challenger accident."
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Implementing Lean Manufacturing Techniques, 2003.
Discusses the difficulties of implementing lean manufacturing techniques and the need for top management support if a company is to be successful in the implementation of the techniques.
1,451 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the increasing pressure on companies to produce more with fewer human resources. It looks at approaches to lean management techniques and the most successful process of implementation. The paper considers time and activity studies, both traditional methods and computer-based methods, and how, if done properly, they can be used effectively in the implementation of the lean manufacturing techniques.
From the Paper
"Companies today are expected to compete globally, meet higher standards, and increase profits, but often with fewer people and fewer resources. Striving to meet these seemingly impossible goals, organizations began to develop lean manufacturing techniques. To improve employee productivity, time and activity studies are conducted. There are traditional methods of gathering time information which is through the use of stopwatches and personal observations. However, technology has brought about new computer-based programs too. Whatever the way that a company may decide to conduct the studies, they first need to understand the benefits that motion and time studies can bring to their organization. After the time studies occur, the company should be able to successfully put into practice the results that the studies show."
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Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 2003.
An overview of the examining board of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, which is administered through a complex set of processes under the management of the U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It looks at how it was set up as an opportunity to examine an organization critically and identify strengths and opportunities in order to improve the company's overall quality. In particular, it discusses how serving on the Baldrige Award committee can be a rewarding experience in someone?s career. Through the experience, people will be able to strengthen their ability to assess an organization, receive valuable training, and develop analytical and consensus building skills that can be applied to their own organization, as well as many others.
Outline
Introduction: How Did It Start
Criteria for Performance
Administration of the MBNQA
Board of Overseers
Board of Examiners
Judges
Senior Examiner
Examiner
The Selection Criteria
Criteria Expertise
Depth of Experience
Specialized Expertise
Examiner Skills
Final Selection of Members
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"This is the first of the three distinct groups. There are only a total of nine judges that oversee the entire process of administering the award. They must also help with the selecting examiners, review the scored applications, selecting the organizations to visit, and reviewing the results of the visit (Wadworth, p.109). Once that process is completed, they can select the organization to recommend for the Malcolm Baldrige Award. The judges are involved in the oversight of the entire process, but they do not actually get involved with the process until the many hours of work by the examiners are completed. Then it is left up to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to make the final decision for the award after further background evaluations of the recommended organizations have been completed."
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Fire Prevention in the Oil Industry, 2003.
This paper talks about the importance of fire prevention in the oil industry and discusses many of the aspects of fire prevention.
5,820 words (approx. 23.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an introduction stating why fire prevention is necessary. It then discusses the different classes of fires and provides information on the source of combustion and ignition of each class of fire. Next, the paper describes the common causes of fires in the oil industry and provides facts and statistics that support these claims. The paper also takes a closer look at electrical problems, malfunctions, and lightning strikes that cause fires. Training programs, types of fire alarms, and extinguishing methods are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations on fire prevention.
Causes Of Fires In Industry
Training Program
Fire-Alarm System
Automatic Sprinklers
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Fire protection in the gas and oil industry is extremely important. However, at the economic level, fire protection costs money to design, install and maintain. In business it is an overhead expense that does not produce income. Money for fire protection is often hard to come by and money for maintenance is often one of the first areas where costs are cut. Companies seem to be willing to take a positive chance that fire will not strike, rather than take a positive step to provide fire protection and control. If companies are frugal to spend money on fire protection, they should consider the best fire protection that is needed for their company. Fire protection is usually provided for different reasons. The first is that fire protection is required by local codes. Local codes are considered the minimum requirements that a company must provide to protect the surrounding community (Ignall, 1975, p.89). However, even though the building must comply with local legislative requirements, such compliance does not mean that the facility is fire safe or that production can be resumed after a fire occurs. Generally the local codes only protect the community from the plant, and if a fire does occur and does not kill or harm anyone or spread to other properties, the code has considered being able to do its job."
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Centennial Exposition, 2002.
An examination of the study of engineering and how the Centennial Exposition influenced it.
2,575 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history of engineering education in the United States and the ways that engineering, and thus engineering schools, continue to improve life for each one of us. However, one cannot understand why engineering school began to assume greater and greater importance in the second half of the 19th century in the United States without considering the historical context of engineering and of engineering education. It shows how the Centennial Exposition of 1876 gave a boost to engineering education, but this was only because people were already prepared to reconsider the place of engineering in the United States.
From the Paper
"A decade in the planning, sprawling across 450 acres (and costing the then-unbelievable sum of over $11 million), the exposition welcomed over 10 million people. And the most popular draw to all visitors to the exposition was the was Machinery Hall, where viewers were given intimate glimpses into the working models of steam engines and dynamos. The exposition was in many ways a boosterish celebration of the coming of age of the United States as an world industrial power ? and the impression that this display made on both universities and young people was substantial. "The Centennial Exposition in 1876 in Philadelphia was responsible for a national quickening in mechanical matters and for a growing sense of latent power,? wrote Frederick Remsen Hutton in the 1915 A History of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers from 1880 to 1915."
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?EIFS?, 2004.
An overview of exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) and their trade organization, EIFS Industry Members Association (EIMA).
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines EIFS, the generic name for a building cladding that usually consists of plastic insulation board, glass fiber reinforcing mesh, and two-coat synthetic stucco surface. It shows how EIFS have enjoyed tremendous popularity because of several advantages, among them, low cost and excellent insurance value and how architects like the design flexibility of the systems, which allow a variety of shapes and surfaces textures to be used on projects with tight budgets. It also looks at how today, the various companies are represented by a trade organization called EIFS Industry Members Association (EIMA), which publishes guideline specifications, technical notes, and other useful information about the product.
From the Paper
"The design of an EIFS clad wall must give consideration to all of the loads on the wall assembly. It is crucial for a designer to review and consider the major performance variables that will affect the wall assembly, including; climate, relative exposure of the facades, defining the plane of air tightness, vapor control, rain penetration control and the placement and amount of thermal insulation. It is also crucial to consider the durability and serviceability of the exterior facades. Beyond these decisions that may affect the design of an EIFS clad wall, there must be project-specific details that address all terminations and penetrations in the EIFS, as well as elements within the EIFS. To properly implement these details, a mock-up of the wall assembly should be constructed and reviewed prior to construction."
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