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Gender and Technology Theory, 2008.
An essay arguing that modern technology is not contributing towards closing the gender gap between men and women and that it is the social constructs that encourage gender specific technology that must be changed.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, rather than being gender neutral, modern technology is actually quite gender specific. The paper then sites several examples of technology that support this contention and suggests that the technology also seems to imply that women are less competent or less able to operate technology as well as men and need adapted technology. The paper concludes that technology has not 'liberated' women in that technology remains a gendered subject and that, if we want to advance the prospects of women, we must first create cultural change, as technological advances do not automatically promote gender inequality .
From the Paper
"The creation of gendered technology has continued at a strong pace, no longer a domain of household gadgets or curling irons but a realm that includes reproductive technologies serving women, as technology supporting child-bearing women. Women are unwittingly helping a new technology sector from which males profit in the growing numbers to have children later in life, to engage in sex selection, or to demand children through relatively to very high risk cases. This technological enterprise can perhaps be seen as post-industrial child-bearing as a new industry carrying on from the industrial era. In sum, technology has not 'liberated' women in that technology remains a gendered subject. Those who expected something different are advised to trace the much longer history of gender as a socially constructed phenomenon. Cultural change must be created to alter ideas of gender, as opposed to hoping that technological advances will progress the prospects of women."
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North Sea Oil Project Management, 2008.
Discusses the project management stages and processes of the North Sea Oil project.
2,885 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and outlines all the activities required to manage the North Sea Oil infrastructure project within the set time frame and budget. The author describes the initiation, project planning and design, project execution and projection, monitoring and control and completion stages of this project. The author also presents that key processes as integration management, scope management, time and cost management, quality management, human resources management, communication management and risk management. The author underscores that the selected project manager will need to have excellent interpersonal skills and prior experience in the oil and gas industry with projects of this nature.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Project Stages
Project Initiation Stage
Project Planning or Design Stage
Project Execution or Projection Stage
Project Monitoring and Controlling Systems
Project Completion Stage
Project Management Processes
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time and Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resources Management
Communication Management
Risk Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is also known as the closing stage of the project. However, though the project has been completed it doesn't mean that everything comes to an end at this point. While the execution of the project ends and the end product has been completed it is at this point that the maintenance and post completion support for the users begins along with health and safety audits etc to ensure that all the necessary safety measures are in place."
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Computer Interface Design, 2008.
This paper discusses the design of the computer interface, which is the gateway through which the user communicates with the computer.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the computer interface includes both the hardware and software that enables the user to ask for information, to input data, to give command, and to get the computer to perform processes as needed. The author points out that the design of the interface is achieved by considering the role of the hardware and software, the demands of the user, and the physical, cognitive, psychological and even emotional needs of the user. The paper emphasizes that the user wants the hardware and software to provide its service as easily and effectively as possible. The author underscores that the field of interface design has expanded along with the many computer systems people access, such as PDAs, cell phones, MP3 players, DVD recorders and cable boxes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Development of the Interface
Changes in Interface Design
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Of course, the cell phone has become more complex and often uses an interface with which the consumer is not familiar. This has become an issue as the telephone tries to offer more and more services and more and more processes that can be accomplished with the cell phone. A related issue is that the size of the cell phone has been much reduced, leaving many users with a keyboard they can barely access without making a mistake. The problem of small size also plagues PDAs and laptops and adds to the difficulty involved in interface design."
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The St.Croix Dispute and Resolution, 2008.
An examination of the negotiation and mediation process utilized in the St.Croix river crossing dispute.
2,918 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the case of river crossing disputes along the St.Croix River where different interest groups were locked in opposite positions, requiring mediation in order to reach a resolution so that the project could advance. The paper explores the issues involved in the negotiation and mediation process, focusing on the processes that the mediators used in order to reach a satisfactory resolution. The paper states that, overall, this mediation process was completely successful. The paper also looks at improvements that could have been made to the process.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Problem
Initial Steps in the Mediation Process
Defining the Issues
The Use of Technology
The End of the Dispute
Were the Results Better?
What Could Have Been Done Better?
From the Paper
"Construction issues involving environmental, economic, social and political interests are often extremely difficult. Most of the difficulty is caused by the fact that the various interest groups have different interests. Often these interests conflict leading to stalemates. These stalemates in turn lead to inaction because no course of action can be determined.
"In these cases mediation is often required in order to resolve the dispute. Often mediators have to find ways to get interest groups to think outside of the box in order to reach a satisfactory resolution."
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Technical Memo: Potholes in Markham, 2008.
A memo regarding the problem of potholes in the city of Markham, along with possible solutions.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a memo to Councillor Alex Chiu of the city of Markham. The memo discusses a recent civil engineering study regarding the problem of potholes in Markham. It summarizes the nature of the problem and presents possible solutions as well as recommendations regarding what would be the most effective solution for temporary patching of the potholes.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Findings
An Assessment of the Problem
Solutions
Recommendation
From the Paper
"Repairing potholes is a complex problem, particularly if one attempts repairs in a time of high levels of precipitation and extreme temperature fluctuations, as in the Spring. Today there exist materials and technologies that permit effective solutions to potholes that need not wait until summer (Kuennen 2004). However, as will be seen, these solutions come with higher costs. Solutions will be determined by the expected lifespan of the road surface.
"If the City of Markham intends to reconstruct the pavement of the section of Steeles Avenue East in question within a span of, say, three years, then a short-term patch using hot-mix asphalt may be the preferable solution. In this regard, as specialists in the field of pavement and pothole patching observe: "You have to price your options to the length of life that you want for the patch" (Kuennen 2004, p.32)."
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Tuning Musical Instruments, 2007.
An overview of the tuning of musical instruments using electronic devices.
1,594 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how electrical engineering helps musicians to identify the precision of musical notes, record their albums, and finally modify what has been recorded. It provides background context about the theory associated with various devices with an emphasis on critical analysis of the current solutions to the problem of having a standard measure for pitch of instruments. It also looks at how currently the "adaptive filter" devices and digital signal processing ("DSP") tuners are the most common and available solutions in the market. The paper includes diagrams and equations where relevant.
Outline:
Introduction
Sounds and Music
The Tuners for Musical Instruments
Latest Developments
Suggestion for Improvement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A musical note refers to a specific frequency, "A note is a sign used in music to represent the relative duration and pitch of a sound" [1]. Every sound is a wave and as such is characterized by its frequency. However, listening to only one, single frequency is not that enjoyable. The truth is that human ear is more sensitive to a frequency difference rather than a single frequency. Therefore, a musically desirable sound is the one rich in harmonics. "The harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency." [2] For example, consider a sound having a fundamental frequency f, its harmonics are then 2 f, 3 f, 4 f, 5 f, 6 f, etc. Another sound with the fundamental frequency 2 f would have 4 f, 6 f, and 8 f etc. as its harmonics. "
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Peace Bridge, 2007.
The paper discusses the Peace bridge and looks at the proposal of a new additional bridge.
2,152 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.
From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."
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Appliances, 2007.
A case study presentation discussing efficiency, capabilities and competencies of various home appliances.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study that looks at various home appliances built in the United States during the year 2002. It looks for differences in efficiency and other resources and compares capabilities and competitions among other countries. The paper presents each factor and shows a possible solution for consumers as a guide to help save cost as well as follow federal guidelines.
Table of Contents:
Case Study
Appliance Resources
Appliance Capabilities
Appliance Competencies
Solutions
Discussion
From the Paper
"It seems that appliances are used at enormous rates within homes in the United States. Yet, the energy needed to consume is higher when consumers use the appliances regularly. The appliances have changed drastically over the years to follow federal guidelines to save energy, be more efficient in terms of long lasting, comparison shopping at various stores as well as on-line, and consistent competition from manufacturers and retailers."
"For example, the manufacturer Philips, which may be considered as the leader in digital demonstrations and wireless connectivity, gave way to new visions: Connected Home. According to Philips new forefront, the Connected Home will address consumers to use more home appliances, broadband and future technological developments. In definition, "Connected Home is made up of a broadband connection to the outside world and two or more devices connected together and to the outside world via a wired or wireless home network" ("Philips")."
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Computer Technology in Aviation Safety, 2007.
A study exploring the impact of computer aided design technology on human factors in aviation safety.
5,092 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that computer aided design (CAD) involves the application of computer technology to the design of the cockpit so that it is more ergonomic and more sensitive to the characteristics of different pilots. The paper relates that, on the whole, CAD technology is an enormous improvement on older aviation design because it allows designers to visualize situations in three-dimensionality throughout the design process. The paper discusses the CAD-based ergonomic analysis programs that allow researchers to create accurate 3-D human models that measure the impact of ergonomics on the safety and reliability of products, equipment and facilities. The paper includes graphs, tables and illustrations.
Outline:
Chapter I: Introduction
Chapter II: Review of Related Literature
Chapter III:Methodology
Chapter IV: Results
Chapter V: Discussion
Chapter VI: Conclusion
Chapter VII: Recommendations
From the Paper
"Aircraft accidents that lead to loss of lives receive the highest level of attention in the aviation industry. There are many different causes for aircraft accidents that occur on an everyday basis in the aviation industry, which range from pilot errors to mechanical challenges. Some of those errors are minor, but others can have devastating effects. Pilot errors can be minimized by utilizing adequate tools and various analyses. Human factors are one of the methods that would improve safety. The term "human factors" has grown drastically, and has become more popular as the commercial aviation industry realized that human errors underlies most aviation accidents and incidents, rather than mechanical failure (Greaber 1999)."
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Design Concepts of Manufacturing Tooling, 2007.
A review of the design concepts of manual manufacturing tooling.
2,244 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study that structures the research around the designs of manual production tooling or integrated tooling for tolerance holding during certain types/phases of assembly. The paper limits this research to no more than 5 robotic tools.
Outline:
Purpose of the Study
Introduction
Types of Tooling Identified
Flexible and Non-Flexible Robotic Assembly
CAD, CAM & CAPP Systems
Synthesis System - Conigen
Summary
From the Paper
"According to this work systems engineering over the last twenty years has "evolved to include the cost of automated machine tools as alternatives to labor and has developed several very different cost profiles; but the optimizations were still being performed at the simple part or discrete work element level. There was no large change in the process during the decade of the 1980s however, the hardware and software of today are stated to be "capable of simulating multiple, if not essentially unlimited, factory designs and equipment variations, giving the systems engineer the ability to affect both prior to a factory's construction." (Ibid) The work of Dr. David M. Anderson, P.E., CMC entitled: "Design for Manufacturability and Concurrent Engineering" states that it is very critical that "concurrent engineering of parts and tooling" are used for the purposes of minimizing "tooling complexity, cost, delivery lead-time" and in order to "maximize throughput, quality and flexibility."
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Deep Submicron Challenges, 2007.
A discussion regarding the modern challenges of an engineer today.
2,558 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at IC and ASIC designers and discusses how, in the early 1980s, engineers had life a bit easier than engineers do today. The paper goes on to say that they did not have to deal with the tiniest of mechanisms, testing them, creating switches, circuits and memory from electrons and molecules. According to the paper, delay specifications for the early (multi- micron) technologies were elementary at best.
From the Paper
"Engineering teams from major universities and corporations deal with specifics of design problems and engineering team coordination raises the overhead. The scale of the design has been decreasing, which also increases complexity, cost and testing difficulties. The architecture of the SOCs must change in how they are laid on the chip, as well as the materials that are being used in order to avoid the problems that were addressed earlier in this research. As new systems are needed to take advantage of advances in IC manufacturing technology, finer process geometries will provide the ability to manufacture more gates on a single die. Large systems in silicon have declined, due to physical design limitations and now more appropriate, expensive materials will replace silicon. There will be 1 billion transistors made in 2007 (Lai 27)."
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Hoover Dam, 2007.
This paper examines and discusses Hoover Dam in Nevada.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer relates that there are few dams in the world that have received the amount of attention that Hoover Dam has received since its construction years ago. The writer points out that, with an annual tourist draw of more than 1 million people, Hoover Dam is counted as one of the most visited tourist attractions in America. Standing at 762 feet the dam towers above the dry arid floor around it and generates power for more than 1 million customers in Arizona, California and Nevada. This paper presents an extensive overview of Hoover Dam. The writer explores the construction, the benefits to society the dam provides and the future plans for the dam. The writer concludes that Hoover Dam continues to be respected as one of the great architectural designs in America's history.
Outline:
Introduction
Differences
History
Touring Options
The Building of the Dam
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are two dam tours available, one that lasts 30 minutes and another that lasts for an hour. The half hour tour provides information for a tour of up to 80 people and takes the participants into four different engineering areas. The second tour however, has room for 16 people because it asks them to don hard hats and go deeper into the dam to visit 10 additional sites of interest."
"The longer tour starts with an elevator ride that travels down more than 52 stories in length directly into the canyon wall. Once the elevator stops tourists walkthrough a long tunnel to the power plant where tour members are urged to put earplugs in before entering."
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Equipment Design Safety, 2007.
This paper discusses the process of designing industrial equipment that is safe for operation.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when designing safe equipment, there are two major factors to consider: the severity of possible injuries or illness that may result from the use of the equipment and the probability of their occurrence. The paper further explains that it is first necessary to look at the machines' design in order to assess the potential for avoiding or reducing as many hazards as possible by selecting the machine's best features and second, it is essential to look at the possibility of reducing hazards by decreasing the need for the worker to intervene in the danger zones.
From the Paper
"The overall process before new equipment is designed involves assessing risks through measurement of physical and chemical parameters in the workplace, such as solvents, metals, dust, noise, lighting, heat stress, ergonomic and safety hazards. Once this is completed, the following actions can take place that promote awareness of risks and following better practices such as substitution of solvents with less dangerous ones, improvement in ergonomic conditions and decreasing noise levels."
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Radio Frequency Study, 2007.
An examination of radio frequency identification methods.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history and uses of radio frequency identification (RFID). The author describes the history of radio frequency identification, especially as used during World War II. The paper further describes practical applications of radio frequency identification today, such as on toll roads and also in moving products to their destinations. The author uses Wal-Mart as an example, and also has several charts to demonstrate how RFID is used in industry. The paper concludes with potential uses for RFID in the future.
Outline:
History of Radio Frequency Identification
Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Identification
Exploring the type of RFID Tags
Active RFID Tags
Active Backscatter Tags
Passive Backscatter Tags
RFID's Future Applications
Figure 1: Comparing RFID Frequencies
Figure 2: Comparing RFID Tags and their Use
Figure 3: Exploring How RFID Works
Figure 4: RFID's Impact on a Manufacturer's Supply Chain
Table 1:
Mass customization manufacturing strategies which can be automated through RFID
Figure 5: Using RFID Technology to streamline the MRO Process
Figure 6: Authentication techniques using RFID to validate products using RFID
From the Paper
"The 1990s were a significant decade for RFID since it saw the widespread deployment of electronic toll collection in the United States according to AIM (2001). From the lessons learned in transportation and the work completed by IBM engineers who developed and patented an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system according to RFID Journal (2002) which could be read up to 20 feet away., the foundation for reading tags in motion from a distance was of immediate interest to mass merchandisers including Wal-Mart. The pioneering work IBM had done in UHF RFID was sold off to Intermec when the computer conglomerate encountered financial difficulties in the mid 1990s. Intermec, an industry leader in bar coding and material handling applications, struggled to make the technology a market success. What were missing were data standards and the ability to create Master Data Management repositories that could be queried and used for analysis."
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Windshield Manufacturing, 2007.
A description of the different types of windshields used on automobiles, airplanes and motorcycles.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the different types of windshields used on various vehicles, including their composition and function. The author succinctly explains the differing needs of automobile windshields as opposed to that of motorcycles. The differences in their composition is highlighted in contrast to their functions. The paper also gives a historical overview of windshields. Also included is a description of the windshield manufacturing process and how quality control and product repair are managed. The paper concludes by stating advancements in glass technology are certain to affect the future of the windshield manufacturing industry.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Highlights
The Manufacturing Process
Quality Control and Product Repair
Future Outlook
References
From the Paper
"Curved windshields allowed for a greater freedom in styling. The curved windshields also offered more interior room in car body design. In addition, during this time period, fabricating techniques became more advanced, including the drilling of holes in side windows for anchoring and lifting. By 1957, most American made vehicles had four-way curved glass, with glass curved at not only at the top and bottom, but at the sides as well. Curved rear windows enhanced styling freedom, and by the early 1960s, curved side windows began to become popular, allowing for more interior room. Smoother body lines emerged from automotive stylists ("A Look at Autoglass")."
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Steel Frame Construction, 2007.
An analysis of the selection, application or installation of materials and building components used in steel frame construction today.
3,659 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that an increasing number of commercial and residential structures are using steel frame construction techniques due to their many advantages. The paper explains that because resources are by definition scarce, it is important to recognize when and where steel frame construction is an appropriate choice. The paper therefore examines the contemporary applications, properties, strengths and limitations of steel frame construction techniques.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Methodology
Discussion and Analysis
From the Paper
"An increasing number of commercial and residential structures are using steel frame construction techniques today. The increased popularity of this building technique has grown from its early beginnings in Chicago a century and a half ago to become the building method of choice for many urban settings today. This increased use is directly attributable to a number of key advantages that steel frame construction has been shown to have over other construction techniques. For example, according to Fanjoy (2006), "While a versatile building material, lumber can pose a number of challenges to builders and remodelers: sudden and sizeable fluctuations in price, for example, or rot and dimensional instability due to exposure to moisture, either at the building site or after installation. But there is an alternative: steel framing" (3)."
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Women in Engineering, 2007.
This paper examines the changing role of women in traditionally male-dominated fields, with a focus on engineering.
1,044 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how gender roles have eroded significantly in the last few decades giving women more opportunities to succeed in a wider range of careers. In particular, the paper focuses on engineering. The writer describes the "glass ceiling" and how that is also changing. Also considered are differing views regarding women specifically in engineering. The writer concludes that although women lag behind men in terms of numbers in the engineering, this is likely to change, as more women graduate with advanced degrees in this field.
From the Paper
"According to an interview with Dr. Hayden, a female electrical engineer professor at Cal Poly Pamona, both women and men face challenges in the engineering field. Although she was once encouraged to "try another, more female field" she was able to succeed in her field, despite being a female. She does admit that women have faced hardships in their pursuit of successful engineering careers, but "for every negative experience..I have had many more positive experiences". According to Dr. Hayden, the hardships are part of the learning process."
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Gender Disparities, 2007.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the gender disparities and disadvantages to women in the science and engineering fields.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the gender differences and disparities in the science and engineering fields. The paper suggests that while there are many advantages to having children outside of the professional and academic world, such as a more balanced and healthy lifestyle, in terms of advancement in the profession, children are often seen as a disadvantage. The paper examines some of these disadvantages more closely.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Female advancement and children
Analysis
Conclusion
Addendum
From the Paper
"While this view has largely been revealed as a false prejudice, one of the central factors that prevent women from more extensive participation in the science and engineering is that they are traditionally and conventionally seen as being mainly responsible for childcare and child rearing. This refers to another social perception that women and not men should be responsible for the children and leads to various assumptions that women do not have the time to deal with the demands and pressure of the scientific world. The fact that a woman has children therefore has become a central and important variable in the debate about gender inequality in the scientific and other fields. This paper will explore some of the facts relating to this debate."
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