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The Tenure System in Education, 2008.
A critique of the tenure system in education.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues surrounding tenure, a system of professional employment whereby an employee achieves permanent status pursuant to which continued employment is guaranteed, largely without regard to critical evaluation. The paper points out that, historically, the purpose of tenured academic faculty was to ensure the academic freedom to teach material and promote critical insight that could otherwise expose educators to reprisals and intellectual coercion for teaching or promoting views that were controversial or that contradicted the philosophical, religious, or political positions of the government or academic institutions. In principle, the paper adds that academic tenure was designed to promote lifelong devotion to teaching. The paper explains that of the institution of academic tenure is criticized because, in reality, it promotes an initial period of intense career focus and achievement intended more to achieve tenured status than anything else, followed by professional mediocrity for the duration of an educator's professional career. Ultimately, the paper suggests that educational tenure should instead provide appropriate rewards and privileges in conjunction with standards that promote continued performance.
Outline:
Background and History
Conflicting Issues and Criticism of Academic Tenure
Re-evaluating Educational Tenure in Contemporary Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In academic institutions, professors are initially hired as associate professors or adjunct professors and only considered for tenured professorships after a term of employment in that capacity; generally, academic tenure is awarded after 5 - 7 years of employment as an associate or adjunct professor. The evaluation for academic tenure usually includes a formal review of an educator's performance, as measured by published research and academic writings, as well as a review of feedback solicited anonymously from a candidate's current and former students (Hohm & Shore, 1998)."
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Charles W. Eliot, 2008.
A discussion on the problem of whether secondary school is a preparation for life or college.
1,749 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with educational researchers and reformers who develop literature to effectively decide as to whether secondary school is a preparation for life or college. The paper discusses how, under the leadership of Charles W. Eliot, the longtime president of Harvard University, the Eliot team changed school programs. The paper concludes that for decades educators have looked for answers to what causes alarming drop out rates. The paper deals with the many facets and argues the idea that secondary education should be a preparation for college and only secondarily a preparation for life.
From the Paper
"Returning to the subject at hand, how the ideas of the Eliot team change schools at the time the committee report was published. The answer is that the ensuing curricular changes developed upon the idea that a well rounded education involved learning abstract concepts, to achieve success in further education, rather than in vocational or practical application standards. The committee's report spurned educators to step away from the demands of the day, to educate individuals for vocation and placed curriculum squarely back in the hands of academic pursuit. Which left those who sought a more practical means to drop out of school, as it was not seen as neccesasary to anything but further education, and seek employment training that would better suit their needs, the exact opposite of the intentions of many educators."
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Promotional Plans for Tertiary Education, 2008.
This paper is a literature review on effective promotional plans for tertiary education (private universities).
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper is a short literature review of tertiary educational systems around the world. The paper discusses promotion of this system, along with a number of other challenges the system is facing, including identifying how best to accommodate the increasing number of students, how to mobilize staff and resources, how to develop relevant curricula and teaching procedures, as well as how to remain competitive during a period of skyrocketing costs.
From the Paper
"There are some important constraints and considerations that must be taken into account in developing appropriate promotional plans for tertiary educational institutions in order to ensure their effectiveness, though. For instance, depending on the geographic setting, a promotional plan for a tertiary educational institution could highlight the additional and more lucrative employment opportunities afforded to graduates. For instance, Shavit, Muller and Tame (1998) maintain that the linking of educational qualifications and occupational achievement is the weakest in less stratified and standardized social systems. According to these authors, 'In Ireland -- a weakly stratified system -- employers rely on success in school because this is tested according to nationally standardized procedures, and thus workers' credentials represent their respective rank in the job queue' (p. 7)."
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Training Programmes for New Teachers in Saudi Arabia, 2008.
A research study devised to identify and evaluate training courses in Saudi Arabia for new teachers.
15,108 words (approx. 60.4 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on a research study carried out to identify existing training evaluation activities in the educational department in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia; evaluate the new teacher training course in two levels, reaction and learning, and determine the effectiveness of the evaluation processes in relation to its contribution to the organisation's strategic objectives. Based on these findings, the study makes recommendations concerning further considerations and changes relating to training evaluation processes. To accomplish this, a critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is combined with a survey of new teachers to determine their perspective of curriculum development and the effectiveness of their curriculum and faculty in preparing them to become educators. A summary of the research, salient conclusions
and recommendations for policymakers and educators alike are
presented in the concluding chapter.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method, Database of Study and Sample Selection
Data Access and Ethical Issues
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In the past decade, there has been a considerable growth and improvement in training as part of the human resource development in many organisations. To account for the worth in the investment of training, evaluation has often been part and parcel in the design of training programmes in organizations. Evaluation is said to help uncover the values of such training efforts. In fact, the importance of evaluation of training has been well documented in training literature. For example, in their book, Academic and Educational Development: Research, Evaluation and Changing Practice in Higher Education, McDonald and Wisdom (2002) emphasise the importance of having an evaluation strategy in place that can be sustained and which has a developmental role, in other words, one that does not just focus on the specific, possible narrow, aims of the curricula but deliberately explores the broader contexts involved. This approach is congruent with the views held by many educational researchers and teachers alike today. For example, according to McDonald and Wisdom (2002), "Most educators who are committed to the ongoing improvement of their practice engage in a cycle of critical reflection on that practice" (p. 45). While many educators remain committed to ensuring ongoing improvement in practice, there remains a paucity of timely research concerning how this can best be accomplished in some settings, which brings up the statement of the study problem discussed further below."
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Family Literacy Programs to Help ELL Students, 2008.
A research proposal aimed at identifying ways a family literacy program can help English language learner (ELL) students develop their English language skills.
5,297 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal that aims to identify best practices for the effective delivery of educational services to English language learner (ELL) students using a family literacy program approach. It discusses the US federal and state mandates that are in place concerning ELL students. It also looks at how family literacy programs have been used in the past to help ELL students achieve successful academic outcomes and the types of initiatives that have been shown to be most effective. Finally, the paper discusses the factors that contribute to the success of family literacy programs in general and those designed to assist ELL students in particular.
Table of Contents:
Chapter I: Research Proposal
Introduction
Proposal
Chapter II: Review of Literature
Review of Literature
Chapter Summary
From the Paper
"The preliminary review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning English language learning students and the challenges they face in American classrooms today made it clear that teachers and parents need to join forces to help these young learners become more proficient in English. Acquiring English for the vast majority of ELL students represents the difference between success and failure in virtually every academic endeavor, and the inadequacy of many existing approaches was made clear. On a positive note, though, the problem has been recognized by concerned academicians and steps have been taken to help begin the process needed to develop superior delivery approaches for ELL programs in the future. One of the most important parts of this initiative was shown to encourage the active involved of ELL students' parents and caregivers in the educational process by implementing family literacy programs that can help teachers, students and parents alike in a number of ways. First and foremost, ELL students become better learners and acquire English more readily; second, and perhaps just as importantly, such programs were shown to help bring families together in ways that not only helped the children involved, but their parents and caregivers as well. Finally, family literacy programs were shown to help teachers accomplish their professional goals by integrating their classroom-based practicum with the home-based components of the program. All in all, family literacy programs represent an enormously cost-effective approach to helping ELL students become better learners, but such initiatives require solicitation of feedback from all of the stakeholders involved, a viable framework in which to administer the program, and careful oversight during its administration to ensure its successful outcome."
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Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2008.
This paper discusses the impact of using a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) tool on developing students' critical thinking skills.
4,866 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that CSCL offers a unique opportunity to engage learners in the study of history and to animate historical information enhancing learning and acquisition of knowledge for the learners. This study is designed to provide information concerning the underlying nature of scaffolding strategies in computer-supported collaborative learning. The writer discusses how scaffolding based on CSCL can deliver exceptional results in enriching students with more valuable educations than merely memorizing dates, names, locations, and other mechanized forms of knowledge that will not help them become critical, discerning thinkers in the future. The writer concludes that ultimately the need is to position history as a subject that has a very high level of vitality associated with it, one that has the potential of revolutionizing their perspective and view of the world by contributing entirely new frameworks and analytical constructs by which students can make sense of a rapidly changing world.
Outline:
Problem Statement -History Education in Singaporean Schools
Dialogic Approach for Critical Thinking in History Lesson
Argumentation as a Dialogic Approach in History Education
Dialogic Approach via Computer-Supported Collaborative Argumentation
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
From the Paper
"Another approach which Wright (2002) has mentioned is that of infusion. In this approach, critical thinking is incorporated into different subject matters in various ways. Existing lesson plans are being restructured in many subject areas to incorporate critical thinking. Means have also been developed so that any subject matter can be given a critical thinking focus. Also, integration of critical thinking into history materials is one of the ways by which infusion was done by the proponents of the method. The disadvantage however is that with the infusion method, the teaching of critical thinking loses sensible sequence or coherence because of a little of everything is taught and therefore the student does not learn how to have a mastery of a particular subject. Also, to be able to work out infusion effectively, there should be an efficient coordination between social studies teachers and teachers of other subject areas so that the basics of critical thinking would be all covered in an intelligent way."
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College Exit Essay, 2008.
A description of how a student's years at the University of Phoenix have changed him for the better.
1,286 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at that difference that this student feels at the end of his academic career. The paper explains that the student feels surprised by how much his feelings of confidence in the future have changed and how the way in which he views himself has changed. The paper looks at how the combination of program design, accessibility of instructors, the truly innovative web-based assistance and work-access, and the overall "feel" of the program gave him a true sense of success.
From the Paper
"Prior to attending the University of Phoenix, I had understood education to be an essential part of my future, but outside of the classroom, I perceived it to be simply a thing that one had to "get through" in order to get to a career. The idea of buttonholing myself into a particular area of study, and thus creating a career path for myself without really knowing what it was to work for a living in a professional field seemed awfully risky - what if I didn't enjoy the work even though I enjoyed the study? But, fortunately, that lack of awareness that education, regardless of subject, creates new and exciting avenues for you to explore and that no-one's career is set in stone based only on their program of study has made buttonholing myself actually enjoyable."
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Athletic Strength and Conditioning Program, 2008.
A proposed research methodology to develop a strength and conditioning program to deliver healthier and stronger athletes to college athletic programs.
3,480 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a strength and conditioning program for delivering a healthier and stronger athlete to a college athletic program involves considerations of several specific aspects of exercise and nutrition and requires a network of professionals in monitoring this process. The paper then presents a literature review and an interview in preparation for a project to develop a methodology for developing such a project. In addition, the paper proposes gathering information from throughout the school and community and discovering the traditional behavior of the athletes and the family and communities of the athletes using the 'Behavioral Risk Factor Survey' and the 'Youth Risk Behavior Survey'.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Review of the Literature
Interview
Proposed Methodology
Skills Improvement
From the Paper
"To improve the physical, mental and emotional health of youth in the school and community. In order to properly plan athletics it will be important to understand where the interests of young people in the community is focused. The Health Education program will be implemented in collaboration with physicians, clinics, sports clubs, and community organizations through a cooperative formulation of the program design most likely to be effective and most likely to draw the participation of the community's youth."
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Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 2008.
An examination of the challenges and potential benefits of using computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL).
9,387 words (approx. 37.5 pages), 53 sources, APA, $ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review which concentrates on the role of dialogic argumentation and it's paradoxical effects on generating higher levels of collaboration in both CSCL and CSA-based (common service architecture) online environments. The paper explains that dialogic argumentation has proven to be highly effective in teaching students how to be more capable of generating abstract thought and also taking historical constructs into the formation of entirely new reasoning and interpretation frameworks. The paper also points out that the use of scaffolding within CSCL teaching strategies has the potential of strengthening personalized learning strategies in addition to being a catalyst for more students gaining greater understanding of abstract concepts, thereby becoming more critical thinkers as a result. The paper then looks at the role of technology as an enabler of CSCL platforms and its influence on students' performance, motivation, and attitude.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining CSCL Learning Strategies Using Dialogic Argumentation
Developing Dialogic Argumentation as a Learning Strategy
Computer-Supported Collaboration Argumentation (CSCA) Effectiveness
The Paradox of CSCL Teaching Strategies: Argumentation Creates Collaboration
Creating Personalized Learning Strategies Using Scaffolding with CSCL Tools
Technology's Role as an Enabler of CSCL and Online Teaching Strategies
Implications of CSCL Strategies on Student Performance
Implications of CSCL Strategies on Student Attitude
Implications of CSCL Strategies on Student Satisfaction
Assessing CSCL Effectiveness as a Teaching Strategy
Summary
From the Paper
"In the study the research issues of whether education was significantly contributing to the development of constructed-based learning in students showed that the attainment this level of academic performance was the exception versus the rule. The study began with the concept of students being able to understand the causal factors that lead to a more thorough understanding of history and its concepts. Dialogic approaches to teaching history need to include the how and why things happened in the past, identify what information is reliable, reflect on the information and make sound conclusions (Gagnon, 1989)."
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Peter Drucker and His Achievements, 2008.
A discussion of the life and legacy of social ecologist Peter Drucker.
1,837 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the late Peter Drucker's ideas on management, and presents the views of journalists and scholars with reference to Drucker's legacy.The paper examines his strengths and why he was such a revered and respected thinker. It also discusses his lasting contributions to management. It concludes that, although his views were not always embraced, he left a lasting mark on business management.
From the Paper
"Drucker was never afraid to "challenge orthodoxy" and considered himself a "social ecologist" (Oss, 2006), according to an article in Behavioral Healthcare. Late in his life and his career, he became acutely interested in charities and nonprofit organizations, and was "...among the first management consultants to encourage nonprofit organizations to think like businesses," Monica E. Oss writes in Behavioral Healthcare. This interest of Drucker's in nonprofits was (and is) a huge contribution to the business community - and to the nonprofit community."
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Montessori vs Waldorf in Education, 2008.
This paper compares the two educational systems of Montessori and Waldorf.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the two fastest growing educational systems in the world today, Waldorf and Montessori. The paper aims to assess the similarities and differences between these two models in terms of historical background, teaching philosophy, environment and curriculum. The author states that in recent years the system of compulsory public elementary and secondary education has become less and less efficient. The need for an alternative to public schooling all over the world has been growing, which is why analyzing the effectiveness of these systems is significant.
From the Paper
"There are quite a few differences as far as the philosophy of teaching between the two models of schooling. Firstly, in the case of Montessori children are encouraged to work independently whereas Waldorf schools are based on cooperation among students. In fact, there is a great difference in terms of socialization. The Waldorf philosophy holds that the child gradually learns to be a social being (Ibid.) and that his or her social development is as important as any other kind of knowledge, and that this can only occur through working together and achieving a sense of belonging to a certain group, whereas the Montessori model stresses the importance of not bothering others while performing one's task. Also, the role of the teacher is drastically different from one model to the other. The Waldorf teacher is actively involved in the teaching procedure; his mission is to teach good social behavior and to encourage children to join together in their activities, whereas the Montessori teacher does not get involved in the activities unless the child requests his help. Last but not least, Montessori education focuses its attention on introducing children to the real world during the first six years of schools so that children are able to use these experiences for the rest of their lives thus imagination is not an important part of early education in the case of Montessori schooling (Hall: 125). On the other hand, Waldorf does exactly the opposite: it uses children's imagination to teach them about the real world by relying on stories and games."
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The Use of Technology in Educating Students, 2008.
A discussion on the use of technology in educating students of the millennium generation.
4,808 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the fact that technology continues to evolve at a startling pace and students are facing the reality of getting a quality education while balancing the ongoing changes that society presents to them. The paper focuses on those students we term "Millennial Students." The paper states that the purpose of this study is rooted in the search for knowledge and understanding of the "Millennium Generation" student and to gain an understanding of the various changes that education has to undergo, owing to the increased influence of technology.
Outline: Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Review of related Literature
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The ambivalence with which the Generation X students responded to the use of the CRS in many ways confirms Taylor's (2007) characterization of this generation as being more skeptical and less optimistic than Baby Boomers, with a tendency towards cynicism. Generation Xers also in many ways occupy the most difficult position of all the groups surveyed, as age-wise, they are neither young nor old, but still stuck somewhere in between. The fact that there were so many present, at an age that is rather late for them to be attending higher education, implies that many of them were still uncertain about their present lives and their future, being at the age where most adults were already well into their careers. Thus, the Generation Xers represent something of an anomaly in this study. While they appear to be well aware of most forms of advanced technology, they are not as keen on using it in the classroom environment as the Millennium Generation and the Baby Boomers. "
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Socio Dramatic Play in Early Childhood Education, 2008.
A research proposal discussing the importance of socio-dramatic plays in early childhood education.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal that explores the role of socio-dramatic play within the modern educational settings and explores how it affects the daily lives of children. The research paper also aims to explore how socio dramatic play in early childhood education enhances student performance. The paper discusses how socio-dramatic play compels children to use their imagination, thoughts and creativity.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose Statement
Significance of the Study
Literature Review
Research Questions
Sub Questions
Methodology
Research Objectives
Research Method
Participants
Sampling Frame
Method of Selecting the Sample Elements
Data Collection
Scale Development for the Questionnaire
Data Analysis
Questionnaires
Reliability and Validity of the Results
Ethical Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Piaget, who is a cognitive theorist, believed that play can help children develop several cognitive and emotional stages and it is a key instrument in the early mental growth of children. Piaget believed that people change and adapt according to the conditions around them and this change and adaptation is the ultimate weapon for personal growth and development. Tsao (2002) writes, "Children who play over and over again with the same object, such as repeatedly pretending to drink from an empty cup, actually are practicing eye-hand coordination and developing sensory-motor skills. At the same time, children practice the behaviors that are acceptable to society so that they can act appropriately in different situations. Different kinds of play require different levels of cognitive sophistication, and that is why each different type of play is found at a specific stage of cognitive development (Tsao, 2002; pg 230)" Similarly, Vygotsky, who is a socio-cultural theorist, conceptualized play as a tool, which assists children develop self-control. It helps children in mastering their behavior and allows them to understand the difference between thought and action. According to Vygotsky, play also helps in the development of advanced cognitive skills and abstract thinking (Tsao, 2002)."
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John Dewey and Education, 2008.
An analysis of John Dewey's educational theories and how they apply to education today.
5,189 words (approx. 20.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the writings of John Dewey and his theories surrounding education. It begins by an providing an overview of Dewey's beliefs concerning education. It then discusses the belief that Dewey's educational theories (namely, pragmatism, experiential learning, progressivism and democratic learning) are just as prevalent and important to education today as they were when first written about.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
An overview of John Dewey's beliefs on education
Pragmatism
Democratic Learning
Experiential Learning
Progressivism
Dewey's theories and Today's Classroom
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It was also made apparent through the literature that Dewey believed the purpose of education to be the acquiring of skill sets and knowledge that would be instrumental in the area of problem solving. He believed this type of knowledge could only be attained through experiential learning. Dewey's beliefs concerning education also viewed teachers as those who take on the role of parents within the school setting. In this role teachers are responsible for presenting students with subjects of interesting and showing students the practical ways in which math, science, history etc. are related to their interest or their everyday experiences."
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The Impact of Cognitive Function on Hearing Impairment, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the research paper "Does Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment Improve by Hearing Aid Use?" by van Hooren et al.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the main hypothesis of the study, "Does Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment Improve by Hearing Aid Use?", can be stated as follows: while hearing aids show significant results in terms of auditory improvement, there is no proof to suggest a related improvement or increase in cognitive ability as a result of the application of a hearing aid. The writer explains that the study refers to cognitive functions such as memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. The writer also explains that it should be noted at the outset that this hypothesis presupposes a connection, albeit based on prior research sources, between hearing or hearing enhancements and cognitive functioning. Thus, this is an aspect that forms part of the critique in this analysis of the paper. The writer points out that it is also suggested that the methodology used to ascertain cognitive correlation is to some extent not adequate in terms of the complexity of determining quantitatively a definite link between hearing aids and improved cognition.
From the Paper
"The methodology used in this study was comparatively simple and conventionally straight-forward. In essence a relatively small number or participants were used in this study - which is also a point of contention with regard to the results and conclusion of this research. In total there were fifty-six participants (mean age 0/72.5) who were fitted with hearing aids were compared with 46 control participants (mean age 0/74.5) with an equivalent impairment, but who were not fitted with a hearing aid. The study took cognizance of a number of variables and factors that could influence the results of the experiment. These included neurocognitive tests after 12 months. However, it is also possible that these tests in terms of personality and individual psychological components were not sufficient. This aspect is possibly one of the reasons why the study did not return the expected correlation between hearing aids and cognitive improvement."
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Middle School Advisory Programs, 2008.
This paper looks at the effectiveness of advisory groups and programs in middle schools.
3,348 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that middle school is a time of great transition for students, who are simultaneously dealing with physical and social changes, as well as more rigorous academics. To help students manage the transition, many middle schools have begun offering advisory groups. The writer points out that advisory groups may consist of staff and students, meeting regularly to engage in activities designed to benefit students academically and socially. One of the main goals of advisory groups is for each student to have at least one caring adult at the school who knows the student personally. Schools have used advisory groups to help students increase self-esteem, build better relationships with peers and adults, improve academically, and play a positive role in their communities. The writer maintains that advisory groups can be critical to student success, but before one condemns middle schools for often providing ineffective programs, one must first provide a clearer picture of how to develop more useful alternatives. The writer concludes that by building on current research and conducting new inquiries into the scope of the problem and possible solutions, one can move toward a better understanding of best practices.
Outline:
Introduction
Promise and Problems
Working Toward Best Practices
Understanding Future Challenges
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, advisory groups often have been riddled with problems. A distinct lack of guidance on best practices, as well as inadequate program focus and staff training, has led many advisory programs to be little more than glorified study halls or quiet times. Some schools are looking to change this, through structured activities that include character education, community service, and working with younger students. While schools begin to understand how to structure effective advisory programs, research shows that these programs are likely to face new roles and challenges. For example, researchers believe that advisory groups could help students make better health choices and develop more sophisticated notions of gender identity. However, before advisory groups can reach their full potential at the middle-school level, more research is needed to help schools better understand best practices and how tenets of good advisory programs can be practically implemented."
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The Impact Of Same-Gender Grouping, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of same-gender grouping during a benchmark test administration on the performance of sixth grade science students.
4,277 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a research which examines the impact of same-gender grouping during benchmark test administration on the performance of sixth grade science students who have otherwise received instruction in a co-gender classroom context.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Methodology
Key Terms and Definitions
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The work of Thomas S. Dee entitled: "Teachers and the Gender Gaps in Student Achievement" offers an insight into the gender gaps that exist in education in today's schools. It is stated by Dee that: "this study presents new evidence on whether assignment to a same-gender teacher influences educational outcomes. And it uses these evaluation results to discuss how the gender interactions between students and teacher may shape the early evolution of gender gaps across academic subjects." (2006) Furthermore, the educational outcomes examined in this study include teacher perceptions of a student's performance and student perceptions of the subject taught by a particular teacher. These subjective outcomes are useful simply because they are educationally important outcomes that provide a complement to the results based on achievement scores." (Dee, 2006) The following table lists the 1999 NAEP scores stated by Dee in by subject, age and gender."
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Educating Preschoolers with Autism in China, 2008.
A research proposal into American education programs for children with autism and their application in Chinese learning environments.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American special education programs. It specifically focuses on programs for educating preschoolers with autism. It then looks at how these programs can be applied in Chinese learning environments and discusses the current treatment for autism spectrum disorders in the People's Republic of China. The paper presents a research proposal for the subject matter.
From the Paper
"This program contains structured reinforcements and feedback including the use of 'no' at the incorrect response of a child. A study conducted at the University of California at Los Angeles states a 47% recovery rate for child below the age of four years old. This program is a 40-hour per week program of one-on-one therapy for a period of two years. This method is reliant on introducing a skill, prompting and reinforcement of the skills. (Programs for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, nd) There are currently studies underway in order to make a determination as to the prevalence of autism in China. At the present, there are no formal programs for autistic children with only very treatments programs in the larger city private schools. Treatments in China are said to range from "herbal medicines and acupuncture to sensory integration training and, in rare instances, applied behavior analysis." (Clark and Zhou, 2005) The work of Tsang, et al (2006) reports a longitudinal study conducted on 34 autistic children in Hong Kong using the TEACCH program in a preschool. Stated is that "eighteen children received full-time center-based TEACCH program training. The control group included 16 children who received different types of individualized or group training but not TEACCH program training. Instruments validated in Hong Kong were used to assess the children's social adaptive functioning and developmental abilities before and during the training at 6-month intervals for 12 months. Children in the experimental group showed better outcomes at posttest. They also showed progress in different developmental domains over time. The study provided initial support for the effectiveness of using the TEACCH program with Chinese children." (Tsang, et al, 2000)"
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