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Diversity and Teaching, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of diversity on teaching in Australia.
1,997 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks the impact of diversity on teaching in Australia through an analysis of the background, experiences, and perspectives of two families. One family is indigenous and lives in Sydney, while the other family is of English descent and lives in Melbourne. It attempts to demonstrate that the educational system in Australia has not been meeting the needs of all Australian children and how schools are still influenced far too much by Northern European cultural and social values. It also looks at how the consequences of this prevailing influence have been detrimental to minority students, and to the educational system in general. The paper concludes that reforms are needed and must be implemented.
From the Paper
"Consequently, one of the main concerns of Kenneth and Isobel Bropho is that Indigenous students tend to have higher school dropout rates and enter the workforce with a lower standard of education than non-indigenous students. As DTE (2005) notes, they are also twice as likely to encounter health problems and less like to have access
to adequate healthcare services, primarily because of lower incomes due to lower educational levels. Kenneth and Isobel Bropho understand that their son faces far more challenges because of his Aboriginal heritage and are determined to ensure that he completes his education so he will be able to get a good job when he graduates."
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Leadership Styles, 2008.
This document discusses leadership with respect to the educational setting and organization.
1,713 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that administrators in the school setting are often not associated with traditional leadership and leadership styles. However, the writer maintains that pastoral and post-modern leadership styles, such as situational leadership, are thought to be the most effective leadership styles for the educational setting. Furthermore, the writer discusses that human resources should be developed into a more strategic component of the educational institution because of its ability to improve educator training, development and motivation.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The Importance of Effective Leadership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This common misperception of the purely administrative role of school leadership is often perpetuated by school district officials who themselves are associated with administrative oversight rather than managerial leadership. Yet, as one study of the Chicago public school system demonstrated, the roles of principle and vice principle in the public education system can be very effective in completely reversing poorly performing schools and underperforming staff. As this and other research has pointed out, leadership qualities in the public education system are often overlooked in favor of administrative acumen which, admittedly, is necessary to fulfill all of the state and federal regulations under which schools must operate. Hiring purely for administrative skills at the expense of leadership qualities is sure to affect the ongoing development, and thus the effectiveness, of the educators who must perform to standards in order to achieve mandated scores under the No Child Left Behind act."
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Neoliberalism in Education Reform, 2008.
This paper discusses how the welfare state's benefits for its citizens are being undermined by neoliberal thought and policies.
791 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Alan Sears' contention that the neoliberal agenda reconfigures social services to reflect its own needs of aggrandizing wealth and profits. The paper focuses on educational reform as a means by which the neoliberal ideology eliminates the social programs it considers "waste". The paper draws on journal articles to highlight how citizens' benefits of the welfare state are being eroded down to a pay your own "fare" state.
From the Paper
"At first glance it doesn't seem that the new global economy would have such a harmful effect on education. On the contrary, it would seem that more opportunities for employment would be opening up in an age of fast travel and business expansion, and what better means to prepare for it than progressive educational reform? The real question, however, is employment for whom? And the operative word is "recomposition". "Lean production" began to recompose society when wealth changed from the possession of land to that of capital. Just as the Industrial Revolution removed the farmer producers from the sources of production into the cities, so too a century later did their descendants become assembly line workers for unit production."
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MacLean's Rankings, 2008.
A critical evaluation of the MacLean's university rankings.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how MacLean's university rankings compare different Canadian universities and argues that the criteria they use are questionable and subjective to the point of being positively misleading. The paper shows how for many students, the criteria utilized by the MacLean's university rankings are largely irrelevant. The paper maintains that to conduct research with relevant stakeholders, such as the students themselves, would be more useful.
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, in recent years the MacLean's University Rankings have been subject to increasing criticism by many. Levy (November 6, 2006) points out that the rankings produced by MacLean's, and by The Globe and Mail, come out with very different results. Indeed, Levy (November 6, 2006) goes so far as to say that the two "publications provide starkly different views of the University" (on web page cited). This immediately signals that perhaps the rankings are not entirely objective. Indeed, this becomes more obvious when we note that these two rating systems utilize different clustering of institutions, and different methodology (Levy, November 6, 2006)."
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Homosexuality and Roman Catholic Youth, 2008.
This paper reviews an article by Fr Robert Mattingly SJ entitled 'Gay Adolescents in Catholic Schools - Avoiding the Topic Won't Make It Go Away' printed in "Momentum".
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Fr. R. Mattingly, in his 2004 article in "Momentum", stresses that sex scandals within the Roman Catholic Church have forced attention on matters of sexuality that the Church has rarely wished to discuss beyond firm moralizing positions. The author points out that, although the Church still discusses homosexual acts as sinful, Mattingly reminds the reader of the stronger discussion of how all human beings are created in the image of God. The paper relates that, rather than criticizing homosexuality or failing to discuss it, the Church school community should ensure that gay students receive the inclusion and support they need. The author stresses that Mattingly also feels strongly that Roman Catholic schools should be sure that students can discuss matters of sexuality, homosexuality and heterosexuality.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Hazards of Ignoring Homosexuality
Whose Child is it Anyway?
A Positive Environment and Acceptance
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Accordingly to Mattingly, teachers and other adults must understand what happens when a homosexual youth is not included, not understood or denounced in different ways. When gay students are not given proper support they will experience self-destructive emotions and engage in self-destructive behaviors as what seems a usual set of results. He refers to social scientific research to explain that 40 percent or more of homeless youths in the United States are homosexuals, many of them engaged in substance abuse or confirmed addicts, and that many become HIV positive."
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Accountability and Assessments, 2008.
This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of standardized testing and accountability.
2,788 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses standardized testing and accountability by referring to pedagogical, sociological and psychological concepts. The paper looks at the position that student academic performance is a direct indicator of the abilities of the teacher but also explains how standardized testing and accountability cause teaching to focus on the ability to respond to tests rather than the achievement of authentic knowledge. The paper examines relevant literature that appears to support arguments in favor and against standardized testing. The paper recommends the development of a curriculum that helps prepare the students for high-stakes tests while also helping preserve the integrity and originality of the classroom.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Presentation of Associated Theory
Applicability of Theory in Context
Summary
From the Paper
"The move to improve the academic performance of students within the public school system in the United States has placed an emphasis on the role played by the teacher in the classroom setting. Proponents of accountability suggest that there are strong research-based correlations between the involvement and abilities of the educator and the outcome demonstrated by students on test scores and other indicators of student academic performance. In contrast, those opposed to accountability stress that it homogenizes the classroom by forcing the educator to remove his or her own involvement with teaching in order to ensure that specific criteria are met on assessment tests. Again, research tends to support this position."
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The Role of Power, 2008.
This paper explores the role of power in policy development and implementation.
1,243 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews what power is, why it is important to understand power when dealing with policy-makers in a local district, what the major sources and types of power are and what form they assume in a fairly small community in the state of Georgia. Finally, the paper looks briefly at how power is used (or should be used) in school organizations vis-a-vis the shaping of educational policy and what ethical issues power raises in this context. The paper concludes that power, when it comes to implementing educational policies for children, must be balanced by the recognition that professional aspirations and objectives are secondary to doing what is best for pupils.
Outline:
Abstract
What is Power?
Why is it Important to Understand Power?
What are the Major Sources of Power?
The Types of Power
Sources/Types of Power in Bibb County, Georgia
How is Power Used in School Organizations to Shape Educational Policy? What Ethical Issues does Power Raise?
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, it is important to understand power when talking with, and working with, policy-makers in one's local district because understanding what power really is constitutes a first step towards identifying those who really have it. In other words, people who appreciate and recognize power will be able to seek out those who, directly or indirectly, shape policy decisions. More than that, every local district is different and local "power hierarchies" will be different, as well. For instance, local school boards in a rural community will not only have a different make-up than school boards in a large, urban setting, but will most likely emphasize issues and concerns (and, by extension, the people articulating those issues and concerns) that would be of little or no import to school board trustees in the latter context. Understanding the social and cultural milieu in which a school board operates, in other words, is paramount to understanding which groups, persons, and organizations must be brought "onside" if any educational initiative-slash-proposal is to achieve success."
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Life in A Sinhalese Village, 2008.
This paper paints a picture of the society in a Sinhalese village, Sri Lanka.
702 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the ritual practices common in Sinhalese villages, specifically, the art of "devil dancing". The paper points out the Sinhalese respect and fear for the unknown and abstract. The paper looks at the disparity in formal education systems, the role of family in Sinhalese society and the contested role of women.
Outline:
Ritual Practices-The Devil Dance
Formal Education
Kinship
The Independent Woman
From the Paper
"A large majority of the people of Sri Lanka pratice Buddhism or a synthesis of Buddhism and Hindusim. But throughout history, folk cults stemmed from cultural traditions with beings and deities of supernatural powers that influence day-to-day lives of the people have also been integrated into the Buddhist practices of Sinhalese villages (Baker 39). A great deal of emphasis is placed upon the complex and elaborate rituals needed to pacify evil spirits and to appease the benevolent deities. Although this practice is not condoned by the Buddhist temples, there is a large following of these rituals, especially in the Sinhalese villages."
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A Lesson Plan Utilizing the Scientific Inquiry Model, 2007.
A lesson plan, predicated upon the scientific inquiry model, that asks students to consider how human beings impact the mating and feeding habits of wildlife whose ecosystems suddenly are disrupted by human waste.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the lesson plan presented seeks to employ the scientific inquiry model to foster rational, rigorous and inductive thought and to facilitate the ability of students to communicate about technical/environmental matters in a second language. The author points out that the class will enter the room to find a poster depicting seagulls or other marine wildlife mired in an oil spill, which emphasizes the dangers of human pollution. The paper includes a step-by-step procedure for the lesson. The author states that the student observations will be assessed for grammatical fluency, for descriptiveness, for answering all of the questions posed by the instructor and the amount of detail devoted to answering each question.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Expectations/Opportunities
Pre-assessment/Student Accommodations
Resources
Lead-in
Step-by-Step Procedure
Assessment/Evaluation
From the Paper
"As part of their observations, students will be asked to answer the following questions: "what happens when one particular area is cleaned up and another area is not?" (The class has brought garbage bags to clean up some areas which are especially hard-hit by pollution while leaving others alone for longer-term observation). "What happens to the soil and vegetation of areas that have been polluted and littered with garbage?" "
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Leadership in 21st Century Schools, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of leadership within 21st century schools in West Virginia.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses West Virginia's framework for 21st century schools. It particularly looks at the importance of leadership skills, such as visionary leadership, relational leadership, systems leadership, reflective leadership and collaborative leadership. It suggests that applying these leadership approaches while implementing West Virginia's framework for 21st century schools is essential if today's educators are to establish classroom environments conducive to effective, goal-oriented learning.
From the Paper
"The culture of 21st Century schools should be based on setting and meeting high standards for staff and students. These high standards can be achieved through staff demonstrating professionalism in their dress, their use of language, and their demeanor, as well as the manner
in which they interact with students and other staff. This process involves defining, supporting, and implementing a collaborative school improvement process "that is data-driven and targets improved results for students," and requires effective leadership from principals, who are responsible for providing learning leadership "by orchestrating activities of the school toward students learning and developing a spirit of unity and trust." (WVDE)"
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Definitions of Curriculum, 2008.
An analysis of the definition of curriculum and the importance of taking into account the sociological and ideological aspects of the concept.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the concept of curriculum and provides the writer's definition of it. In so doing, the paper outlines why conceptions of curriculum which focus predominantly upon describing it as course syllabi and learning modules are inadequate in large measure because they fail to take into account the sociological and ideological aspects of the concept. The paper also discusses E.A. Todd's definition of curriculum in "Curriculum Approaches and Definitions" and argues that it is overly broad and insufficiently descriptive.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
What is Curriculum?
From the Paper
"In closing, the preceding several pages have outlined this writer's conception of what the term "curriculum" really means. In so doing, what it is hoped has been revealed is just how enormous in scope the term really is and how merely confining one's understanding of it to course outlines, course modules and to technical competencies taught (and hopefully learned) is to really overlook many of the ideological and sociological aspects of curriculum. In the end, the concept "curriculum" is really an enormous and enormously important one."
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Teaching Grammar - Focus on 'Aspect', 2006.
An examination of the 'aspect' feature of English grammar and how this is taught.
2,427 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the grammatical errors evident in a fictional letter from "Betula" to "Andrea". The paper explains that although the grammatical mistakes (in the letter) are varied, the paper focuses primarily on the letter's problem of incorrect 'aspect', and attempts to analyze how Betula's grammatical aspect problems can be categorized and corrected. The paper also explains the types of tense expressed under 'aspect'.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is Aspect?
Types of Tense Expressed Under Aspect
Analysis of Betula's Essay in Terms of Aspect
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In laymen's terms, aspect is really the grammatical aspect of a verb, which characterizes the temporal flow of one's writing. However, it is different from the concept of "tense" alone: although tense describes whether an action or event has occurred in the past, present, or future, aspect determines whether it happened only once, whether it happens continually without stopping, whether it happens on an intermittent basis or whether it continues to happen now (Lynch). An example of different aspects are the statements "I skip" and "I am skipping", both of which lend to different interpretations of tense."
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Postsecondary Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disturbances, 2007.
This paper discuses postsecondary students with emotional and behavioral disturbances (E/BD) and their transition into the work force
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that students with emotional and behavioral disturbances (E/BD) are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) only in the public school setting; yet, E/BD students, who make the transition into postsecondary education at the university level, often find that the school works to accommodate their special needs. The author points out that, when leaving the postsecondary environment and entering professional work environments, this accommodation has caused problems for some E/BD students, who become accustomed to an environment that supports their potentially unusual work habits and social interactions. The paper stresses that a multiple model program at the postsecondary level can help ease this transition to the work environment by assisting E/BD students, on a case-to-case basis, in acquiring skills necessary for success in the post-education setting.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Emotional and Behavioral Disturbances in the Work Environment
Transitional Process from Postsecondary School to Work
Potential Solutions
From the Paper
"Even if it is recognized by the employer and the employee that changes can and should be made to the work environment, the E/BD employee can cause challenges to successful goal completion. E/BD affliction can manifest in many distinctive ways, some of which are counterproductive to the work environment, such as antisocial behaviors. For example, E/BD can occur in the form of post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), which can reduce the coping strategies of social persons and hamper resiliency in stressful events."
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A World View of History, 2008.
This paper outlines why the world view approach to history is preferable to a European and/or American-centered approach to studying history.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how a world history view allows for more creativity, is far more holistic and encourages students to see societal, spatial and cultural interactions with a sophistication they would not be able to otherwise.The paper looks at articles by Patrick Manning and by Gilbert Allardyce and briefly compares and contrasts them with an eye towards illuminating the central arguments they advance in favor of eschewing a rigid, Eurocentric view of history.
From the Paper
"To begin with, an emphasis upon world history is eminently desirable because there is mounting evidence that the differences between groups of people are much smaller than previously supposed. In his plenary address of March, 2004, Patrick Manning writes that geneticists have now proved that humans are closely-related to one another, that our collective ancestors emerged roughly 200,000 years ago in Eastern Africa, and that human beings have a consistent pattern of biological mixing. Findings such as these clearly call into question the ill-conceived notions of racial hierarchy and racial distinctiveness which dominated popular (and academic) thought in previous generations. As well, a focus on world history offers valuable insights into both why Northern Atlantic economies rose to pre-eminence in the early nineteenth century and the extent to which the world's various economic systems have been linked since at least the sixteenth century."
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Curriculum and Reforms, 2008.
An analysis of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA).
2,344 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the reforms that have been made to the curriculum taught in schools in the United States. It begins by discussing the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which was signed in 2002 by President Bush. It looks at the aims of the NCLB Act and the arguments against it. It then discusses the aims, successes and issues with the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) of 2004.
From the Paper
"The National Commitee of Parents and Advocates organized to protect IDEA does voice one additional concern over the 2004 amendments to the IDEA. While there was once a provision for full funding of the program for the schools, there is now only partial funding through the federal government. This is a cause for concern for many districts that are struggling with existent issues and that will now be required to make changes that will put a strain on already tight budgets ("IDEA 2004", 2004, para. 3). This concern, however, is minimal when it is considered that there are students that are not receiving an adequate education in a national educational system that is supposed to be one of the finest in the world and that has obviously been remiss in its efforts to teach all students."
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Teachers' Attitudes Towards Gay Students, 2006.
A discussion of the attitude of Roman Catholic school teachers and their approach to their homosexual students.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the Roman Catholic school teacher in the life of the young gay student by reviewing three books on this topic: "Educating for Life - a Spiritual Vision for Every Teacher and Parent" by Thomas Groome, "Fully Alive - a Family Life Education Program" by Ontario Conference of Catholic Bishops and " The Courage to Teach - Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher's Life" by Parker Palmer. The paper discusses how a teacher needs to appreciate a gay student as someone who may struggle with a sense of being different, help the child to speak openly about worries, and be able to answer questions a child may have concerning this special status and Church teachings. The writer notes that many teachers do not know that the Roman Catholic schools accept gay or lesbian students as people to be helped in their adjustments, understood for what may be greater depression or confusion as part of adolescence, and given the same message as other students to do with sexuality and chastity. The writer points out that there are prejudices about homosexuality in the minds of various people who believe they are good Catholics. The writer concludes that teachers and parents need to be educated about the Roman Catholic stand on homosexuality and be able to interpret this to the child.
From the Paper
"Parker J. Palmer's volume, The Courage to Teach - Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher's Life, directs an open heart as the way to effective teaching. (1998) Particularly interesting has been Palmer's view of the teacher as a person who must learn from others, the heart gaining from what may not conform with one's views. This seems important in a parochial school setting if one is to respond to students who do not fit with Roman Catholic ideas of normal childhood. For instance, the Roman Catholic view of homosexuality involves awareness of gay students that will be met in parochial schools. This issue will challenge some teachers to examine their opinions and biases to do with homosexuality, at large, because the teacher must be able to provide what a gay student needs within school settings."
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Philosophy in Education, 2008.
This paper explores different philosophical perspectives and their role in education.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four different schools of thought and how they relate to reality, knowledge and value: nationalism, ethno-nationalism, utopianism and totalitarianism. The paper further looks at how these schools of thought contribute to education and how they impact the role and responsibilities of a special educator.
From the Paper
"Nationalism is the belief that one's nation is key to understanding a person's place and identity. The Stanford Enclyclopedia of Philosophy (2005) states, "Nations and national identity may be defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity, or cultural ties (para. 6). We can see a key element of this in the United States, particularly after September 11, 2001. After our nation was challenged, the nation came together for a common purpose and vision. Also, it is often taught (and assumed), that the United States is the best nation in the world. These views have a strong impact on our perspective on reality, for our point of reference is based around our nation. Thus, our knowledge and what we value will be based primarily around how things relate to the United States. For example, our news will be U. S. driven. This belief has a strong impact on special education, for as we encounter different facts that do not necessarily support our nationalism (such as the disturbing information about Abu Ghraib prison), we can choose to ignore them, or present them truthfully and risk destroying strong nationalism. It also limits our ability to understand the perspectives of other nations."
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"Epperson v. Arkansas", 2008.
This paper examines the "Epperson v. Arkansas" case that claimed the statute privileging creationism and banning evolution was a violation of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution.
993 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a brief synopsis of the 1968 case, "Epperson v. Arkansas," which challenged the constitutionality of a state law forbidding the teaching of evolutionary theory. The paper outlines the arguments put forward by both sides of the case, details both positive and negative reactions to the outcome and describes the decision of the Supreme Court. The paper ultimately concludes that the ruling was just and in keeping with the letter and spirit of the Establishment Clause.
From the Paper
"Few areas of jurisprudence are more controversial than matters involving the proper relationship between religion and public policy. In fact, rarely has this tension been more apparent than in the controversial case of Epperson v. Arkansas whereby the constitutionality of a state law privileging creationism while banning evolution was brought before the Supreme Court. The statute in question which sparked the controversy was challenged in 1968 by Susan Epperson, an Arkansas high school teacher who challenged the statute as a violation of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. According to the court record, Epperson instituted her action first in the Chancery Court of Arkansas, seeking a declaration from the court that the statute was void while enjoining the State of Arkansas and defendant officials from dismissing her from her job for violating the terms of the statute."
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