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Japanese-American Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the conflict surrounding the automobile trade between the US and Japan.
3,888 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Japanese-American automobile conflict. It discusses the history and development of the trade relationship that exists between Japan and the United States. The paper then describes the implications of Japanese market infiltration on both the American way of life, in general and the automobile industry, in particular.
From the Paper
"However, Japan's sole investment in the US market in the form of plants and other centers were not enough as the trade deficit continued to grow. As the production of transplants increased by the mid 1980s, US auto part makers became frustrated that Japanese manufacturers were not purchasing from them, but rather from their traditional Japanese companies. The next major agreement came about on this subject. The talks occurred in the latter half of 1986 to 1987, and it was called the Market Oriented Sector Specific Talks (MOSS). The focus was on the existence of Keiretsu relationships between Japanese manufacturers. Keiretsu relationships allude to traditional Japanese manufacturing relationships where Japanese companies remain loyal to each other in order to promote greater cultural identity. The MOSS report concluded that there was not enough strong evidence to make the claims made by the auto parts makers legitimate and therefore no tangible agreements were made. This represented a victory for the Japanese auto makers, and as a result, their sales continued to sky rocket from late 1980s to the 1990s."
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EVA, 2007.
An analysis of the uses and advantages of using economic value added (EVA) as a measurement tool.
1,914 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses economic value added (EVA), which is a performance measure developed by Stern Stewart & Co to measure the true economic profit produced by a company. It describes the formula for EVA and provides an example of how it would be calculated. The paper then describes the uses and advantages of using EVA for a business.
From the Paper
"EVA is a tool that is easily used by corporate executives to determine and justify to their investors and shareholders expenditures that may boost the bottom line without demonstrating a practical or traditional use. This is necessary in this age where technology-based and high technology-use corporations need to purchase software or systems that have not been utilized, yet promise high yield. It is also an instrument by which economic profit may be calculated by taking a company's net after tax operating profit and subtracting from it the product of the company's invested capital multiplied by its percentage cost of capital. This provides a standardized measure for the profits the company generated and helps the company determine future expenditures."
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The Economy of Colombia, 2007.
This paper studies the economy of Colombia and discusses the effects of the economy on everyday life.
1,408 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the north westernmost country in South America, Colombia. The writer notes that Colombia is the second most populated South American country next to Brazil and the majority of the population lives in the mountainous cities around the capital of Bogota. The writer points out that with this intense congregation of people in one area, the economy of Colombia is poor and unstable. This paper attempts to explain why the economy has fluctuated during the last thirty years and gives examples of life in Colombia as a result of an ever-changing economy.
From the Paper
"In 1999, Colombia suffered a recession as a result of low world oil prices, reduced export demand, and increased guerilla violence throughout the country. This caused an increase in unemployment, increased drug usage and sales, and devaluation of the Colombian peso. In 1999 at the time of the recession approximately 17.7% of the Colombia people were living at or below the national poverty line."
"As a result of the 1999 Colombian recession, unemployment quickly rose. There were more people in Colombia than jobs. Many companies closed because they could not afford to pay their employees. In the year 2000, the unemployment rate in Colombia reached 20%. This rate did not stay at 20% for long because of the instability in the Colombian economy, by 2006 the unemployment rate had improved and was at 13% which also decreased poverty and gained confidence among the people in foreign and domestic affairs."
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Air Transport - Supply & Demand, 2006.
A review of the US airlines companies.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the two classifications of US airlines; legacy carriers with hub-and-spoke systems and newer low-cost airlines with point-to-point models. According to the paper, with only moderate changes in growth and spending predicted, legacy airlines are in big trouble. The paper reviews the problems that legacy airlines are facing.
Outline:
Introduction
Supply-Side Problems
Demand-Side Problems
Solution and Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In addition to the influence of economic conditions, the airline industry is characterized by other very complex demand dynamics, depending on travel distance, type of traveler, and domestic and international flights, to name a few of the many factors that determine the degree of price elasticity or inelasticity (Air travel demand elasticities: Concepts, issues and measurement). For long-haul international business travel, demand is not sensitive to fare changes because there are few close substitutes. On the other hand, long-haul domestic business travelers have much higher elasticities than international business travelers. Telecommunications has become more acceptable as a substitute in domestic markets due to common culture, laws, contracts, etc. International leisure travelers are more likely to either postpone their trips in response to higher fares or seek locations that are not as expensive. Currently, the dollar is weak against many international currencies, serving to make many destinations unappealing price- sensitive leisure travel."
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Montgomery County, 2007.
This paper discusses the religion and economy of Montgomery County.
1,865 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Montgomery County was formed in 1779 from Anson County and was named in honor of Richard Montgomery who, in 1775, lost his life at the battle of Quebec in the attempt to conquer Canada. The paper discusses the various prevalent religions in Montgomery County. The paper also looks at the economy and its future prospects.
From the Paper
"Religion is more than theology or issues of faith and belief. It is as well an important aspect of the cultural life of a community. For example, in many cases people belong to the particular denomination that they grew up with in their families, especially so in the past. Because of the strong connection between religion and the community life, religious participation is often strongly associated here with the population group that first brought it here . Examples can include the Lutheran faith, in the case of the population originating from Germany and the Presbyterian faith in the case of Scots and Scots-Irish settlers. This assertion is also sustained by the recent growth of Catholic congregations, due to recent immigration waves of individuals of Hispanic origin."
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Great Depression, 2007.
This paper describes the causes of and responses to the Great Depression.
1,119 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer examines the causes of the Great Depression. US government policies in response to the crisis are discussed, including those of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The role of the gold standard and the currency crisis is also analyzed. The final section of the paper deals with approaches used by FDR to resolve the depression, such as the New Deal. The New Deal and its long term effects on American economic and social policy are discussed. The author concludes that New Deal programs, policies, and ideologies changed American core values. What was once a nation characterized by libertarian ideals became a nation inextricably intertwined with the global market economy.
From the Paper
"Speculation artificially inflated the US and global economy throughout the 1920s. Investors pumped up stock prices on borrowed funds, a short-sighted approach that would lead to an enormous production surplus. With too many consumer goods and not enough consumer purchasing power, almost all the key industries faced collapse including technology and agriculture. The prevailing economic doctrine presumed that all booms and busts were inevitable and that the crisis would subside on its own. However, the Great Depression forced economists and politicians to rethink the role of the market economy and global trade."
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Industrialization, 2007.
This paper discusses urban industrialization in the West.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that during the 19th century, the application of science to inventions started the Industrial Revolution, the mass production of material goods by machines. The writer notes that although population growth had reached new highs, the first step in this revolution happened in mid-eighteenth-century England, with the development of the steam engine and machines for spinning and weaving textiles. The writer maintains that industrialism was the reason for the West's economic and military dominance over the rest of the world. The writer points out that the industrial revolution was created by the discoveries of modern metals, creating machines and techniques to find and transport the fuel to produce goods. However, the writer notes that the needs of the masses who worked in the resulting factories grew faster than their purses. The writer concludes that after the industrial boom had passed, they were left without jobs to deal with their sociological problems and with very little help or sympathy from the classes above them, who had started the factories and swept up the profits from their enterprises.
From the Paper
"Wealthy entrepreneurs and corporations were able to create great structures in the major cities. In 1856 Henry Bessemer (British) perfected the process for producing inexpensive steel; and the next year E.G. Otis (American) installed the first safety elevator. From 1773, cast iron provided strength without bulk and provided architects to span broader widths and raise structures to greater heights than traditional stone buildings. John Nash used cast iron in 1815 for the Brighton Pavilion. The first cast-iron suspension bridge began to be constructed in 1836, but not until mid-century was iron used as skeletal support for mills, warehouses and railroad stations. Joseph Paxton built Paxton's Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of London in 1851 of glass and steel in only nine months. It was a prefabricated structure, and after the exhibition was moved to a new site. It burned down in 1930. The Eiffel Tower was also built as a novelty, but became an emblem of modernism. Designed as a viewing tower by Gustave Eiffel for the Paris World Exhibition of 1889, it is a 1,064-foot-high cast iron skeleton equipped with elevators."
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Corporate Governance in Australia, 2007.
A comparison of corporate governance and responsibility in the United States and Australia.
3,963 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Australia's corporate responsibility and corporate governance. The paper begins by analyzing the major schools of thought regarding corporate responsibility and governance. The paper then compares the similarities and differences between US and Australian corporate governance. It concludes by discussing the Sarbanes-Oxley reforms in the US.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of Major Schools of Thought on Corporate Responsibility and Corporate Governance
Similarities and Differences of US and Australia's Corporate Governance and Responsibility
The Sarbanes-Oxley Reforms in the US
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other hand, the role of the directors in the corporations does not mean anything as such the shareholders do not have any "positive" control rights over the corporation granting them direct input into and say over how the corporation is governed or whether certain business opportunities are pursued. Shareholders are still given the right to vote for the board of directors, most importantly, and can make recommendations on governance and business matters to the board through the shareholder proposal process. They also have the right to vote on certain mergers and on any proposed sale of all or substantially all of the corporation's assets. Their approval as well recognized such that the company's articles of incorporation cannot be amended without them saying yes. They are also given the right to vote to amend the bylaws. Nevertheless, they do not have any authority to manage the day-to-day business directly or to set overall corporate policy and strategy, unless granted such control in the certificate of incorporation, which happens rarely, if ever. (Paredes, 2004)"
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Downsizing--An Article Review, 2007.
This paper reviews Steven H. Appelbaum and Nadia Labib's research article entitled "Strategic Downsizing: A Human Resources Perspective."
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this review of Steven H. Appelbaum and Nadia Labib's article "Strategic Downsizing: A Human Resources Perspective," the writer examines the various impacts of layoffs in an organization. These include the effect on the employees who have lost their jobs, families of terminated employees and the employees that remain with the company. The reviewer highlights the article's suggestions for human resources managers in dealing with downsizing.
From the Paper
"The authors indicate that downsizing is a problematic issue. Its failure and success are both debatable since the human cost is vaguely discussed when employees are suddenly robbed of their means of livelihood. Since firms do not take into account the "psychological, social, and financial effects" of downsizing, they fail to take appropriate measures for human resource support and building hence lending seriously negative connotations to the phenomenon. And it is not only the terminated employees who suffer, the authors feel that "downsizing has a major impact on surviving employees as well as on the organization itself, both strategically and operationally." "
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The EU and the Airline Industry, 2007.
This paper reviews an article from "Fortune Magazine's" May 25, 2006 issue entitled "The Not-so-friendly Skies of Europe".
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the "Fortune Magazine" article "The Not-so-friendly Skies of Europe" This article was about the European Union's decision to add additional environmental regulations to the airline industry. The reviewer argues that these regulations came at a bad time for the airline industry, and gives examples in the paper. The reviewer also gives a critique of some of the EU's economic policies and how they affect the US, and specifically the travel industry.
Outline:
Article Summary
Analysis
Works Cited
From the Paper
" Although the EU in the popular and academic press is often debated in terms of its negative or positive effect as a homogenizing influence upon its member states, which has resulted in the banning of once popular regional products like French raw milk cheese, the alternation of traditional schedules such as the elimination of the customary siesta taken in Greece and Spain, and the capping of state aid to what the EU believes should be privately run industries like airlines, such new emissions regulations indicate how the behemoth economic entity known as the EU can also affect American industries at home, through its regulatory influence and its sheer size. The EU is not simply posing a competing threat for American industry, but its different views on regulation will have an impact upon America economic health, whether Americans like this or not."
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NUMMI, 2007.
This paper discusses business alliances, focusing on the agreement between New United Motors Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI) and Toyota and General Motors.
4,223 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer defines and analyzes joint venture agreements and business alliances in general. The writer includes in the analysis a specific look at the New United Motors Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI) alliance between Toyota and General Motors. The writer explores why and how this alliance was created and looks at what each party expected to gain by entering into the alliance. Further, the writer discusses what each party actually gained and presents a conclusion on the alliance's success or lack thereof. Discussions of the importance of such alliances to business and individuals who participate in the business world are also undertaken in this paper.
From the Paper
"In other words, a strategic alliance entered into by two business entities will usually be done so in order for both entities to benefit from the alliance. So it was with the creation of NUMMI."
"NUMMI was formed between Toyota and General Motors in 1982 as a strategic alliance. Their joint goal was to re-open a plant that had been shut by General Motors due to a number of negative factors. At the time of closure, it was considered (and numbers proved) to be GM's worst run auto production facility. The facility had opened in Fremont, California in 1963, and in 1978 employed over 7,200 employees. Just four short years later, the plant was closed."
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Macroeconomics, 2007.
This paper examines the macroeconomic aspects of the Great Depression.
1,568 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the Great Depression was probably one of the most significant economic events of the 20th century. The writer notes that, through the implications it provoked and its global reverberations for almost a decade, the Great Depression stands alone as the largest economic downturn of last century. This essay starts with an analysis of the macroeconomic causes that justified the Great Depression and then looks into the applied policies in the 1930s. Further, the writer discusses the relevancy and implications of those policies for modern policy makers.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, theoreticians argued that the debt-deflation correlation was not necessarily a cause for economic depression, but for acutely a case of wealth redistribution, with the financial wealth of the debtors being moved/redistributed to the creditors, without necessarily having a direct consequence on the general flow of the national economy."
"Nevertheless, Fisher's theory has come to be supported by some modern arguments in terms of risk - related debt costs. Indeed, such arguments point out towards the fact that the decline of the borrower's net value (in the sense of a decline in the value of his portfolio of assets) is bound to increase the risk that the creditor is being exposed to and, in this sense, it is also bound to increase the cost of lending for the borrower (higher risk needs to bring higher returns for the lender, which means a higher cost of capital for the borrower). Higher prices for borrowing would decrease the incentive to invest, because of more expensive sources of finance. Fewer investments would lead to a drop at macroeconomic levels."
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Marx and Engels, 2007.
This paper examines the philosophical outlooks of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the historical and economic influences that spurred Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to create their philosophical theories and writings. The author elaborates on their innovative perspectives, especially Marx's view of the bourgeoisie oppressing the working class. Several quotes are included to illustrate this point. The paper also cites how Marx and Engels influenced socialist and communist thought as well as why their belief systems were so difficult to fully achieve in society.
From the Paper
"Society, during that era, was composed primarily of individuals who retained the vast proportion of wealth, who Marx called the bourgeoisie, and the workers, whom Marx titled the proletariat. Marx was vehement in his total disdain for the bourgeoisie. The Communist Manifesto states; "The bourgeoisie keeps more and more doing away with the scattered state of the population, of the means of production, and of property. It has agglomerated population, centralized means of production, and has concentrated property in a few hands." (Marx 1988 pp 213-214)."
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United Nations, 2006.
A discussion regarding the United Nations (UN) and its current policy towards Iraq and Liberia.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the role of the United Nations (UN). The paper points out that the UN is "an organization of nations that was formed in 1945 to promote peace, security, and international cooperation." The paper focuses specifically on the role of the UN in Iraq and Liberia, two countries where the UN is currently promoting peace and security.
From the Paper
"The Office of the Iraq Program was established to implement UN enacted sanctions against Iraq. Contracts for aid had to be approved by this committee and as such any member country could place a hold on contracts that could be construed as assisting in Iraqi military purposes. R1051 was enacted and contained a list of items that were banned due to their potential to be utilized as military weapons. The US considered R1051 inadequate, thus placing holds on all contracts by other countries with Iraq (Rempel). "
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006.
A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper
"Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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The Global Community, 2007.
This paper argues in favor of economic globalization.
927 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the economic benefits of globalization to both industrialized and developing nations. The author believes that when markets are global and protectionism is minimized, nations can focus on producing what they can manufacture efficiently, rather than what they can only produce at great cost, because they lack the natural resources to do so. Various objections to globalization are presented, with the writer challenging each argument.
From the Paper
"The allegation that globalization costs workers their jobs is not a new one, however. Even before outsourcing, it was alleged that globalization allowed American businesses to profit off of the lower wages in developing nations, and exploit the labor in these low-wage countries, particularly of poorly paid industrial workers such as women and children. According to anti-globalization activist Robert Weissman, "the last 20 years of corporate globalization, even measured by the preferred indicators of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, have been a disaster for the world's poor." (Weissman, 2001) Weissman alleges that these international organizations are dominated by U.S. interests and assumptions about what constitutes economic health, and forced nations to privatize their national industries and deal with more powerful Western businesses, whether this was in the nation's interest or whether their populations desired this to be the case. "Over the last two decades, Latin America has experienced stagnant growth, and African countries have seen incomes plummet," due to the forced promotion of exports and reduction of trade barriers that penalize weaker nations still developing their infrastructures. (Weissman, 2001)"
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Ten Forces That Flatten the World, 2007.
An discussion of "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" by Thomas L. Friedman.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Friedman's "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" in which Friedman explores the significant changes that have taken place in the hi-tech industry during the past few years and severely criticizes those who do not embrace these changes. The paper discusses how Friedman believes the world to be flat due to the following ten factors: 11/9/89, 8/9/95, work flow software, open-sourcing, outsourcing, offshoring, supply-chaining, in-sourcing, in-forming and the steroids. The paper demonstrates how Friedman portrays these factors as flattening the world and breaking past barriers to create a globalized economy and environment.
From the Paper
"The chapter begins with Friedman's story of a walk in Berlin, glancing at the nearly fallen down German wall. The author believes that not only was the construction a painful scar on Berlin's face, but it also represented the impediment in worldwide unification as it divided countries. "The Berlin Wall was not only blocking our way; it was blocking our sight -- our ability to think about the world as a single market, a single ecosystem, and a single community..." (The World Is Flat, Chapter 2, "The Ten Forces That Flattened the World", p. 48)"
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Flexible Working Hours, 2006.
A research proposal regarding flexible working hours (FWH).
4,448 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This research proposal aims to examine the following hypothesis: When employers encourage and empower employees to utilize flexible work hours, while simultaneously affording opportunities for employees to progress within the company, employees, as well as employers, most likely gain a predisposition to profit - literally and figuratively.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
II. Work - Work - Work
The Need for Flexible Working Hours
1.1 Aims and Objectives
Proposed Questions
1.2 Scope
1.3 Rationale
1.4 Background
II. Literature Review
A time to . . .
Sex Factors in/of FWHs
Flexible Work Options Questionnaire
Attitudes Regarding FWHs
FWHs in Politics
Value of a Worker
To Retain Qualified People
Steps to a Flexible Working Life
III. Methodology
The "Right" Kind of Atmosphere
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Validity of Data
3.4 Originality & Limitations of Data
3.5 Summary
Caring Is Key
From the Paper
"The primary barrier that may prevent employees from using FWOs to their best advantage is financial as FWOs may entail reduced hours and subsequent income reduction. Variations that do not include financial penalties, however, may include parental leave; flex; educational pursuits; training; career's leave; telecommuting; etc. Employees, nevertheless, may hesitate to utilize these options if they think doing so will net unfavorable considerations. Lack of support from supervisors, and/or negative judgments or perceptions regarding an employee's work commitment may prevent them from utilizing FWHs."
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