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Canada's Trade Policy, 2007.
This paper reviews the book "A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization", by Michael Hart.
1,649 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Michael Hart's thesis that Canadian trade policy has too often been shaped by political considerations rather than economic ones and this trend has led to economic dislocation that could have been avoided. The writer agrees with Hart in general, noting his lucid arguments in favor of free trade and his especially cogent argument in favor of NAFTA. The writer concludes that Michael Hart has made a valuable contribution to existing literature.
From the Paper
"Hart's defense of his thesis really begins early on in his work. For one thing, Hart notes that Canada has actually been strengthened in some respects by a heavily-regulated international trade situation insofar as such an arrangement actually makes it less vulnerable to unilateral and arbitrary decisions in Washington or elsewhere (8). Simply on its surface, this assertion makes a great deal of sense: Canada is a nation of just over 30 million souls; the United States has about ten times that number and possibly a 100 times the economic clout world-wide. Furthermore, other nations like Russia, China, India and even "western European" nations like France, Germany and Great Britain all have considerably greater human and capital resources than does Canada."
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The Modernization of Naidu, 2007.
An analysis of the process of modernization of the small traditional village of Naidu in China.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the political economy and modernization of a small-scale agricultural community, Naidu Village, Yunnan Province, China. It describes how it is a labor and production society characterized by reliance on a particular cash-crop - matsutake. The paper then discusses how this traditional society was forced into a process of modernization under market demand stemming from a foreign capitalist nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Paradigms of Economic Development
Modernization
A Political Economy Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Marxist thinking highlights the movement toward capitalist production in Naidu, an ideal also upheld by the theory of modernization. These changes have been clearly reflected in "community crafting and refining a process of rulemaking and implementation" (Menzies 37-38) in terms of Naidu's agricultural and political economy, including increased administration, military control and regimented labor under a probable advance to full-scale capitalism. When ones looks at the Naidu case from a global political economy perspective, the character (inevitably a fluctuating one) of the Japanese economy has a direct impact on Naidu, as Japan is its primary export partner - the implementation of government legislation and loss of villager control over production was, perhaps, inevitable, under this commoditization of matsutake."
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The Geography of Global Processes, 2007.
An analysis of globalization's effects on global divisions between the rich and the poor in Thailand.
832 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses globalization's affects on global divisions between the rich and the poor. In particular, the paper looks at this state of affairs and links it to broader class discussions about spatial interaction, scale, human/nature relationships and "space, place, and landscape." It analyzes the consequences of asymmetric exchanges of investment and people in different parts of the world. The paper focuses its discussion on the situation in Thailand. It contains an annotated bibliography at the end of the paper.
From the Paper
"The importance of this discussion is really two-fold. On one hand, demographic trends suggest that the Caucasian or "Western" percentage of the world's population will continue to decline relative to its non-white brethren over the next century; as a result, it is imperative that we understand the factors which are creating problems for that ever-growing proportion of the global population that is non-white. Clearly, if it can be proved that globalization benefits affluent (and demographically stagnant) western nations over demographically explosive Asian or South American nations, then the growing cost of this unjust arrangement will eventually cause debilitating political and social upheavals. In a related vein, there is evidence now available that Europe's share of the global market has declined relative to the share of the market enjoyed by China and by India. If this European decline continues, these latter nations may find themselves in the same position that poorer, developing countries found themselves in throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries; needless to say, if Europe wishes to be treated humanely by the new "masters of the house", it should endeavor to "smooth out" whatever rough edges of globalization are creating misery and poverty elsewhere."
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America and Globalization, 2007.
A strong argument against the ideas presented by Thomas Friedman's in his book, "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century".
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes the main ideas of chapters five, six and seven of "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" by Thomas Friedman. The paper refutes Friedman's three theories and maintains that they are one dimensional and nationalistic. The paper asserts that Friedman's arguments are illogical and his claims unwarranted.
Outline:
Abstract
Critique
From the Paper
"In Chapter Five " America and Free Trade" the essential thesis of Friedman's argument reflects the notion of globalization and the way that America plays an exemplary role in this economic process. The author continually uses the free trade market to explain why outsourcing of jobs helps the overall global markets through a series of supply driven markets. Friedman is actively defining the way that the global market helps to invigorate competition within American markets, defining a large scale "community" of labor and trade that will mutually benefit both American and International economies (Friedman 225-228)."
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Commodities, 2007.
An analysis of the Marxist interpretation of the history and form of commodities.
2,548 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the term commodities. It describes the modern history of commodities and then focuses on the Marxist interpretation of the history and form of commodities. The paper delves into how value and human labor define characteristics of commodities. It finally describes the opposition to the Marxist definitions and explanations of commodities.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Modern History of the Commodity
Marxist Interpretation of Commodities: History and Form
Value and Human Labor as Defining Characteristics of the Commodity
Commodity Value = Money?
Opposition to Marx
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Gold, or money, is therefore an expression of value in defining the nature of the commodity because it is a measure of that commodity's value. Commodity value needs always to be determined by some measure - whether that be gold or money. This measure implies that it is invariable, as it is a unit of weight and should require a fixed ratio of values; but this is not the case, as the value of gold can - and does - change. This has little effect on the nature of the commodity as different quantities of gold will always represent the same ratio of relative values, and can therefore be used as a measure of assessment for commodity value. In other words, gold (and money) can always be used as a standard stable price measure, regardless of alterations to its own implicit value (Marx "Contribution" 65)."
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Macroeconomics: Historical Perspective, 2007.
An analysis of some of the major economic occurrences between 1960 and 2000 and an examination of the Phillips curve.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the major economic occurrences between 1960 and 2000. It briefly examines the oil shocks of the 1970s and the Savings and Loan crisis and the extremely high inflation and unemployment rates during the early 1980s. Finally, the paper analyzes the Phillips curve as a method of gaining further insight into economic data (as opposed to simply relying on broad spectrum data such as the gross domestic product (GDP)).
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Macroeconomics: Historical Perspective
Overview
Fiscal Policy
Inflation & Recession
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Phillips curve takes on greater importance because according to the Phillips curve, inflation in the long-term is determined strictly by a corresponding growth in the supply of money (Yang, 1992). In the Phillip's curve inflation (I) is factored against unemployment (U) to produce an inverse relationship where price (P) and output (O) are inter-related. Thus, a more accurate economic model can be constructed that accounts for more than simply GDP rates which, according to the data, if taken independently, show nothing but a strong performing economy since 1960."
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Outsourcing American Jobs, 2007.
This paper strongly contends that outsourcing American jobs has no beneficial contributions to American society, or the American worker.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that despite claims made by many American manufacturers today, the outsourcing of American jobs does not create higher paying positions in the American labor market, nor does it serve to stimulate the economy. The paper refutes the claim that outsourcing is making it possible for third world workers to finally see relief from their impoverished lives. The paper contends that, in fact, outsourcing allows the wealthy of the nation to increase their profit margins and further separates the social classes from realizing an existence of equality in the United States. The paper discusses Karl Marx's beliefs about capitalism creating an immense gap between the social classes and relates this to the problem of outsourcing.
From the Paper
"Free trade in the modern globalized society was believed to be the answer for declining businesses in the United States. Opening markets for imports and exports that had previously been unavailable to manufacturers supposedly meant that industries could continue to grow, jobs would be more plentiful to Americans and the national economy would increase. Yet, not long after the barriers to trade had been lifted between the United States and other nations, American businesses began to rethink their expenditures. American workers belonged to unions that demanded specific salaries, working conditions that had to meet certain specifications and benefits for employees. American taxes for industrial land were high and the costs of supplies for manufacturing were continuously increasing in the American market. Therefore, companies in the United States began to consider the increased profits that they would be capable of obtaining if they relocated to other nations, or outsourced their work to foreign employees altogether."
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Growth Stocks, 2007.
A comparison of growth stocks and dividend stocks and their growth.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses growth stocks verses dividend stocks and looks at why the market trend is toward investing in dividend stocks. The paper also explains why there has recently been an increase in criticism of growth stocks. Additionally, the paper describes the logic behind the investment in growth stocks and their typical expected growth, as well as provides an explanation of dividend stocks.
From the Paper
"There is some argument made that the emphasis on growth stocks and growth investing strategies over the last 20 years has been due to the increased emphasis on speculative trading spearheaded by various hedge funds. Hedge funds and similar minded investors seek growth stocks that will increase in value rapidly over the short term with the expectation that they will dump the stock as soon as a cost justification is reached (Murphy). That said, none would argue that a renewed emphasis on dividend stocks would return some much needed stability to the stock markets and allow for wealth creation based on sound business strategies and long-term strategic decisions of the companies being invested in. There will always be companies in the markets that exhibit rapid earnings growth but the emphasis should be on stable expansion rather than on a universal drive to expand earnings across all public companies in order to please investors. This type of mindset is both self-defeating and unsustainable."
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Capitalism, 2007.
A review of Karl Marx's views on the capitalist society.
709 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses capitalism and its relationship with democracy. It also discusses the relationship between socialism and democracy in today's society. The paper discusses the development of social theory and then describes Karl Marx's theories on the capitalist society and discusses why capitalism continues to thrive in today's society.
From the Paper
"Two of the important principles of behavior associated with economics are reciprocity and redistribution, and these feed certain universal elements of human nature. The first is associated with the sustenance of the family and is related to family and kinship, while redistribution is a territorial and society-wide effect. More complex civilizations actually test the limits of reciprocity and strain efforts at redistribution, but still they do address these underlying conceptions of human nature. Large-scale economies are run with an understanding of redistribution, and human beings work for their families on the basis of reciprocity. Capitalism does so in spite of the view of Marx that it does not, which is why capitalism continues to thrive and to seek ways of mitigating the tensions that remain."
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Politics and Economics of Globalization, 2007.
This paper discusses globalization's political and economic realities, nation states and the citizen.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the politics and economics of globalization and shows how poverty and inequality are a result of globalization. The paper discusses how wealthy countries profit from the poor countries and countries themselves have a dual economy of the rich growing wealthier and the poor, poorer. The paper also discusses how in a globalized era, the nation-state often ignores the sentiments and welfare of their citizens.
Outline:
Introduction
The Politics of Globalization
The Economics of Globalization
The Nation State and the Citizen
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Globalization has been held up as a result of technological and other inter-connectedness. One sees much reference to progress and to a so-called Global Village. However, when globalization is examined with attention to its political and economic realities one recognizes a close to imperial project of participating powers that gain in ways that tend to benefit classes with access to capital while disadvantaging proletarian and deprived groups. It is argued that globalization has weakened the boundaries of the nation-state but, in different ways, one sees that actually the citizen's position can be very much weakened according to his or her location within nation-states that do prevail."
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East Asian Financial Crisis, 2007.
This paper examines the role of the IMF (International Monetary Fund) in South Korea during the East Asian economic crisis.
3,649 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, that saw the downturn of many East Asian and Southeast Asian economies. The paper explains that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame due to its handling of the crisis. The paper focuses on the IMF efforts in South Korea and reveals that the IMF today is moving toward a less restrictive and more realistic system.
Outline:
Introduction
The East Asian Economic Crisis
South Korea
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The South Korean Central Bank was forced to expand its open market operations (OMO) in order to attempt to stabilize its currency. By elevating the amount of OMO in terms of their own securities, Central Banks attempt to control extreme devaluation in times of stress or manage exchange rates in a more stable fashion (Guille 57). For South Korea, contracting the amount of currency through sales of securities was extremely important in controlling the free-fall of the Won during the extent of the crisis."
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Brazil and a Free Trade Area of the Americas, 2007.
This paper evaluates the effects of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil using Mexico as a model.
3,872 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the potential impact of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement with Brazil by looking more closely at the impact of NAFTA upon Mexico. In particular, the paper looks at worker conditions in Mexico, the heavy reliance of Mexico upon maquiladoras and the US economy, the disruptive impact of free trade upon many of Mexico's prime industries (chiefly agriculture) and the implications of free trade for the long-term viability of Mexico's present education system. The paper also explores what the free trade environment has meant for Mexico's fragile ecology.
From the Paper
"To start with, it need hardly be said that many first-world countries (of which there is none richer than the United States) trumpet the economic benefits to be derived from open trade between nations. At the same time, opponents of free trade in the developing world decry proposals such as the FTAA as being socially negative and as a means by which first-world, Western nations can consolidate an asymmetric power relationship between themselves and poorer countries. Naturally enough, such opponents also fear the mass-exploitation of natural resources and the implementation of regulatory "red tape" which will constrain internal growth and hobble the ability of languishing nations to join the first rank of economic powers. As one might expect, Mexico is a nation which often springs to mind whenever one contemplates the prospective economic impact of an FTAA arrangement upon Brazil insofar as both nations are relatively resource rich, possess abundant labor pools coveted by foreign multinationals, and have considerable (albeit predominantly latent) intellectual capital which can serve as a boon to themselves and to the outside world if channeled properly. However, the North American Free Trade Agreement has not been kind to Mexico despite its many promising opportunities."
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Trends in Project Management, 2007.
This paper discusses project management from a global perspective.
1,418 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In a discussion on project management, this paper emphasizes the management of diversity among project team members, the challenge of virtual teams and the technology that is influencing project management. Additionally, the paper identifies several trends in the global economy and market that may impact project management.
Outline:
Abstract
Project Management
Domestic v. Global
Diversity in Teams
Organizational Alliances
Technology Enhancements
Future Trends
From the Paper
"Many observers of project management as a body of knowledge tend to consider project management as nothing more than, "organized common sense" (Knack, 2004, para.4). While on the surface this may in fact be true to some degree, the rigor that project management brings to the planning, execution and review of projects is much more effective and demanding than simple common sense. One example of this rigor and demanding process that project management integrates into business transactions is found in one of project management's most basic principles: "One of the core principles of good project management is that the people who must do project work should participate in developing the project plan. So everyone needs some understanding of project management"(Wysocki, Lewis & Decarlo, 2001, p.217)."
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The Aftermath of September 11, 2007.
This paper explores how the events of September 11 negatively influenced economic conditions in America.
4,211 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that the United States economy had already been predicted to go into recession when the tragedy of September 11 struck and facilitated the process of aggravating the economic conditions of the country. The paper discusses the subsequent rise in unemployment and its effect on consumer spending as well as the negative impact on investment and borrowing. The paper focuses on the damage inflicted to the airline, tourism and insurance industries. The paper also examines the rise and fall of the US dollar, the interest rates, open market operations and the Federal Reserve's tax policies. The paper includes a large amount of research material.
Outline:
Introduction
Consumer Spending
Low Investment and Borrowing
The Airline and Insurance Industries
Unemployment Since 9/11
Inflation Targeting
Financial Markets
Open Market Operations
Tax Policy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States economy had already been predicted to go into recession when the tragedy of September 11 struck and facilitated the process of aggravating the economic conditions of this country. The economy crumpled as many US industries were hit severely by the attacks and the slow down finally took the shape of recession. After three quarters of poor GDP growth, it was almost certain that the economy was heading towards recession, but the September 11th attacks accelerated this ongoing negative process."
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Great Minds of the Free Market System, 2007.
This paper presents brief summaries of the lives and contributions of nine economists and philosophers.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from early philosophers such as Plato to economics' founding father Adam Smith and to Noam Chomsky and his economic and political criticisms, great minds have formed the concept of the free market system. The author points out, for example, that David Ricardo, born in 1772, established the labor theory of value and developed the concept of comparative advantage. The paper presents, as another example, Milton Friedman, born in 1912, who proposed that the predictive power of theoretical study was of higher importance than the assumptions with which one entered into research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Plato
Adam Smith
J.S. Mill
Karl Marx
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
John Meynard Keynes
Milton Friedman
Noam Chomsky
From the Paper
"Noam Chomsky was born in 1928 and his primary studies and academic contributions have been in the field of linguistics. Chomsky is academically recognized for the Chomsky Hierarchy which is a type of classification system of languages relative to their generative power. Chomsky composed his seminal work, "The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory", in which he established himself as a preeminent linguist. Yet, Chomsky's greatest contribution, perhaps, to economics has been his engagement of the political establishment and its economic and political policies."
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South Korea and the IMF, 2007.
This paper explores South Korea's financial crisis and the International Monetary Fund's economic measures.
734 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis, that saw the downturn of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The paper discusses the aid packages of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the difficult economic measures they required. The paper looks at Phillips curve and South Korea's exchange rate behavior. The paper concludes that most analysts view the country's economy as stable and forecast a strong outlook for it.
Outline:
Overview
Central Bank and OMO
Phillip's Curve
Exchange Rate Behavior
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, saw the downturn of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The crisis began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other financial assets (Li). South Korea, being one of the globe's largest economies, seemed to have sufficient safeguards in place to prevent the massive currency devaluation that was so rapidly crippling the East Asian economies."
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The Evolution of Liberalism, 2007.
The paper examines the shift in the predominant models of the Western democratic state.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the changes from the classical Liberal "Night Watchman" state to the Keynesian Welfare State to the contemporary Neo-Liberal model. The paper attempts to determine how these changes have impacted state, market and society relations and the quality of democracy. The paper argues that market forces have been predominant in Liberalism for much of this period, shaping both the quality of democracy and determining the limits of the democratic state's role in social economic relations.
From the Paper
"It may be argued that we cannot truly understand the shifting nature of Western Liberalism unless we appreciate the role of market forces in shaping these changes. Early classical liberalism, in the view of C.B. MacPherson, was highly influenced by attitudes towards property and the market. Indeed, as MacPherson notes, there exist clear structural parallels between the classical Liberal political system and the market:
". . . you have a society based on individual mobility, on contract and impersonal market allocation of work and rewards in response to individual choices. Everyone was swept into the free market. (Swift 41)""
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The Lookback Option, 2007.
This paper discuses lookback options, an "exotic" nonstandard option type as compared to its opposite the usual "vanilla" standard options.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a lookback option is path dependent, based on the maximum or minimum underlying value reached during the entire life of the option. The author points out that, at the expiration date of these options, the holder may "look back" over the life of the option and exercise it, based on the optimal underlying value achieved during that period thus giving the holder the ability to buy an asset at its lowest price or sell it at its highest price achieved over the life of the option. The paper relates that, through the lookback option, the investor can achieve economic intelligence and value through the benefit of hindsight; however, lookback options carry risk and are more expensive than standard options. The paper includes several formulas.
Table of Contents
Definition of Options
Call and Put Options
Introduction to Lookback Options
Lookback Options in Greater Depth
The Model
Option Pricing
Discrete Lookback Options
Case Study of Lookback Options
From the Paper
"Put options conversely involve the investor aiming for a stock price decrease. The put option, as mentioned in the introduction, allows the holder to sell an asset by a particular date for a certain price. An example demonstrated by Hull (2006) involves a European option involving an investor who buys the option to sell 100 shares with IBM for a strike price of $70. If the current stock price is $65 and the expiration date is in three months, Hull supposes for example that the option to sell one IBM share is $7. The initial investment, therefore, will be $700."
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