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Flexible Working Hours, 2006.
A research proposal regarding flexible working hours (FWH).
4,448 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This research proposal aims to examine the following hypothesis: When employers encourage and empower employees to utilize flexible work hours, while simultaneously affording opportunities for employees to progress within the company, employees, as well as employers, most likely gain a predisposition to profit - literally and figuratively.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
II. Work - Work - Work
The Need for Flexible Working Hours
1.1 Aims and Objectives
Proposed Questions
1.2 Scope
1.3 Rationale
1.4 Background
II. Literature Review
A time to . . .
Sex Factors in/of FWHs
Flexible Work Options Questionnaire
Attitudes Regarding FWHs
FWHs in Politics
Value of a Worker
To Retain Qualified People
Steps to a Flexible Working Life
III. Methodology
The "Right" Kind of Atmosphere
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Validity of Data
3.4 Originality & Limitations of Data
3.5 Summary
Caring Is Key
From the Paper
"The primary barrier that may prevent employees from using FWOs to their best advantage is financial as FWOs may entail reduced hours and subsequent income reduction. Variations that do not include financial penalties, however, may include parental leave; flex; educational pursuits; training; career's leave; telecommuting; etc. Employees, nevertheless, may hesitate to utilize these options if they think doing so will net unfavorable considerations. Lack of support from supervisors, and/or negative judgments or perceptions regarding an employee's work commitment may prevent them from utilizing FWHs."
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Venture Capitalism, 2007.
A literature review evaluating venture capitalism, as it relates to developing countries.
1,326 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the purpose of venture capitalists. The paper examines how the literature indicates that venture capitalists assist in the formation of small and medium sized businesses in the form of monetary investment. The paper investigates how research indicates that venture capital is needed in developing countries to jump-start economies and to assist countries in gaining greater independence and lessen their need for foreign aid.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"As it relates to the impact of increased venture capital in various parts of Africa, the impact has been substantial (Jackson, 2004). This is particularly true in the more urban areas of these developing nations, as was stated previously in this discussion it will be some time before the entire population feels the effect of the impact (Lundahl, 2001). The impact of such investment can be seem in increased employment rates, growth in GDP and increased confidence in these markets. In addition, to these impacts an article published by the World Bank also asserts that such investment has a positive impact upon technological investment and creates a positive cycle of venture investment (Koh, 2005)."
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Globalization Then and Now, 2007.
This paper looks at the beginnings of globalization and discusses globalization in current times.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that modern globalization is generally understood to be the expansion of businesses and corporate interests to foreign markets either to increase their consumer base or to utilize a cheap workforce. The writer then notes that the history of globalization really dates back to colonial and even ancient time periods; when strategic and monetary aims were first being seen from an intercontinental perspective and were usually achieved to increase the power and wealth of the state. The writer concludes that outside of the political factors that helped to create our economy, technological advances in travel and communications have aided globalization, and at the same time been fostered by it.
From the Paper
"Within the Roman Empire, for example, numerous Germanic clans - most notably the Goths - desperately sought to incorporate themselves into the powerful Roman state because it offered them economic opportunities as well as safety from invading tribes, like the Huns. Additionally, through most of Roman history, incorporating these people into the Empire was beneficial; conquered lands meant more slaves, more citizens meant more soldiers, more lands meant a more food, and all of these meant a more opulent lifestyle was possible for the ruling culture or class. Although ancient globalization centered on military operations, the ultimate goal was quite analogous to present day globalization: increasing the wealth of the expansionists. Modern expansionists, however, achieve their aims with far less bloodshed and no longer need the people they draw their wealth from to be subjugated by their homeland. Accordingly, the primary difference between the form of globalization evident in ancient times and the form prevalent in modern times is the current absence of military enforcement and the limited role of the state."
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Globalization and Colonialism, 2007.
An analysis of the similarities and differences between colonialism and globalization as they relate to the economy.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concepts of globalization and colonialism as they relate to the economy. The paper defines each term individually and then examines the similarities and differences in the two concepts. It then defines neocolonialism and argues that society continues to live in a neocolonial world. The paper then provides reasons that support this argument.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Colonialism
Globalization
Similarities
Differences
Neocolonialism
From the Paper
"The main similarity between globalization and colonialism is the fact that it is economically driven and nonmilitary by nature (Massey, 2004). The underlying economic power in the globalization process is similar by nature to what happens in a colonialism effort between two geographic areas. In addition the effort to globalize is in some ways dovetailing with the colonialism efforts of history as it provides the weakening of the former financial structuring and places a stronger unified system in its place. While this is an important component of the two systems it is where the similarities end. The differences are much more obvious and evident."
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Exponential Population Growth, 2006.
A discussion regarding the effect of exponential population growth.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the impact that exponential population growth has on the world. The paper reviews the negative implications such as global warming and air pollution. The paper then discusses other relevant issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Environmental Effects
Health, Food and Education
Urbanization
Resources Issue and Sustainability
Alternate View
From the Paper
"The fact that the world population is rapidly approaching six billion and is having a detrimental impact upon the world's natural resources is now worrying the people at the helm of affairs. Both national and international policy makers worry whether the earth can sustain the rapid growth in population particularly in certain underdeveloped regions of the world. Depletion of natural resources through overuse and destruction of ecosystems by development and pollution seriously threaten the survival of the planet and so the issue of sustainability is raised. "Less developed countries will increase in population from 4.4 billion in 2000 to an estimated 7.7 billion in 2050 (according to UN projections). In contrast, populations of more developed countries are expected to remain around 1.2 billion, due to fertility levels near replacement levels. Even with some improvements in current technologies, the projected increase in developing countries will put severe strains on ecological and economic systems" (Recon, 2004). In order to ensure sustainability different policies need to be adopted. Stringent conservation of resources and reduced demand is one way of achieving environmental sustainability."
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Free Trade, 2007.
This paper discusses free trade and looks at the economic benefits of current agreements between the US and its economic partners.
5,132 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that while tariffs were once popular in the historical past as a way of protecting the national economy from the forces of competition, today most economists agree that free trade has more benefits for both countries engaging in such trade than drawbacks. The writer notes that the United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement, are all treaties that have attempted to curtail or eliminate tariffs between the agreeing nations with the aim of improving international business. These agreements are discussed. The writer concludes that by rendering nations more interdependent upon one another in the developed and developing worlds, persons living in areas of the globe, from Canada to Costa Rica, from Mexico to Israel to the United States, will have a greater interest in maintaining peace and stability between nations of different cultures.
From the Paper
"The United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement, are all treaties that have attempted to curtail or eliminate tariffs between the agreeing nations with the aim of improving international business. The US-Israel Free Trade Agreement was the first of its kind, and has since become a model for other free trade agreements. The US-Israel Free Trade Agreement allowed American products to compete with European goods on the Israel domestic market. It was agreed upon between countries in 1985 and eliminated almost all restrictions and duties on trade between the United States and Israel. A non-binding declaration of trade in services was also included in the FTA, providing for the elimination of barriers in industries pertaining to tourism, communications, banking, insurances, management, consulting, accounting, law, computer sciences, and advertising."
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Economic Development, 2007.
An analysis of some of the characteristics that are inherent in rapidly growing economies.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper defines economic development by examining the relationship that exists between economic development, economic growth and income. It discusses how one would characterize the importance of the United Nations Development Program's (UNDP) human development index (HDI) and the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGS). The paper also discusses and analyzes some of the characteristics that are inherent in rapidly growing economies.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Economic Development Defined
Importance of the Goals of UNDP and the UN Millennium
Characteristics in Rapidly Growing Economies Analyzed
From the Paper
"In the work entitled; "Meeting the Demand for Skilled Workers in a Rapidly Growing Economy - Malaysia" published by the International Labor Office one of the characteristics of a rapidly growing economy is the lessening of unemployment and the addition of opportunities for workers. Furthermore, wages generally experience a rise. in rapidly expanding economies. Wages in Malaysia have risen by 10 percent annually for skilled and semi-skilled workers while wages for managers, technical workers and professionals rise by 7.5 percent and unskilled worker wages rose by 5 percent. In Malaysia the unemployment rates have fallen to below 3 percent during the last decade" while Stated within the report is that: "Malaysia's economy has experienced a sharp turnaround since the recession of 1985 - 1986." (2003) While the rise in wages and fall in unemployment rates is very positive the problem that exists in the economy of Malaysia in relation to wages is that There are many reasons for these wage patterns, not all of which have implications for vocational education and training. But studies show that the main reason for widening wage differentials is that the supply of skilled workers has not kept pace: managerial and technical workers have the lowest supply elasticity, followed by skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers. " (Ibid)"
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Nation Develops, 2007.
This paper examines the development of the American nation.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that by the end of the 19th century, the United States had not only established itself as a political power but an economic one as well. The writer notes that key factors affecting the rise of the American economy can almost all be traced to the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the unique ways that revolution played out in the United States. The writer concludes that the combination of technological innovations, lack of governmental regulation, and urbanization propelled America to economic dominance.
From the Paper
"The factory model replaced the artisan model of employment, resulting in several major social revolutions. For instance, large numbers of Americans moved to urban centers in search of work. Urbanization centralized the means of production, through the co-location of manufacturing technologies within one factory and through the co-location of workers within the factory. As more Americans moved to urban centers, fewer ran family farms; agriculture had become a big business too. The railroads facilitated urbanization in many ways: by making it easier for laborers to move from rural to urban areas; and by making it easier to transport raw materials from rural areas or abroad to the city centers. The rise of urbanization in America also favored immigration, for immigrants were able to take advantage of the plethora of work opportunities in one central area. Family businesses and small artisan shops provided the main means of employment before the Industrial Revolution, after which urban-area factories became a dominant economic and social force. Because factories attracted large numbers of domestic and immigrant laborers, they were able to grow rapidly in size and scope. Immigration became a major social revolution precipitated by the Industrial Revolution, dramatically altering the ethnic, social, economic, and political landscape of the United States."
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Capitalism, 2007.
An analysis of the arguments for and against capitalism in our society.
859 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over the pros and cons of capitalism for society. The paper presents the views of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who are known for their support of socialism and discusses the reasons that they felt capitalism was a negative option. It then discusses Andrew Ure's support of the factory system and Thomas Carlyle's more moderate approach in support of capitalism.
From the Paper
"Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are known for their support of socialism and their disapproval of capitalist mode of production. In the communist manifesto, they make it clear that while they understand that machinery increases production, they couldn't possible consider factory system a good thing since it destroys human relations, creates an inhumane society and almost kills everything as it was previously known.
"Marx attacked capitalism on many occasions and in The Communist Manifesto explained in clear terms why his attack was justified. He felt that capitalist led to cruel pursuit of monetary ambitions which resulted in reduced human value, unfair wage structure, inhuman work conditions, unethical work practices and acute class struggle. Thus he completely disapproved of industrialization and work practices established under a capitalist economic system."
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Time Value of Money, 2006.
A review of financial planning (time value of money applications) when preparing for retirement.
4,892 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the application of the time value of money (TVM) theory when planning for retirement. The paper reviews the case of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, taking note of their current financial situation. The paper discusses what steps need to be taken to prepare for their future and their retirement.
Outline:
Retirement Planning Case Study
Saving For College
Retirement Living
Discussion and Recommendations
Sensitivities
Alternative Investment Opportunities
From the Paper
"Other types of investments, such as stocks, or mutual funds have high rates of return. However, they also carry a substantial amount of risk as well. One has to weigh the amount of risk involved with each type of transaction. In general, mutual funds are much less risky than single stock purchases. However, there are options, such as combining low risk investments with higher risk investments in an attempt to balance risk with return. The type of investment depends on the level of risk that the customer is comfortable with. "
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High School Economic Knowledge, 2007.
This paper determines whether U.S. high school students' opinions on economics issues will change as their knowledge of economics improves.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This study examines students' knowledge and attitudes before and after taking a required economic course. The paper shows how students change their opinions with an improved knowledge of economics. The paper discusses how some authorities maintain that high school students require more practical economic information, yet others argue that the traditional model of teaching economics places too much emphasis on capitalism and on the American economy. The paper asserts that it is advisable for policymakers and educators alike to examine what techniques have worked best in order to help refine existing best practices and make the study of economics a more effective and relevant American high school course.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing amount of attention paid to how best to teach economics in the nation's high schools; for example, the National Council on Economic Education has produced and distributed a wide variety of curriculum materials that encourage active learning of economics in the high school classroom (Bellisimo, Maxwell & Mergendollar, 2001). "In many of the activities," the authors advise, "students participate in active learning but are not necessarily expected to make independent, critical, evaluative judgments and reasoned choices" (Bellisimo et al., 2001, p. 73)."
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NAFTA, 2006.
A discussion regarding the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) from the perspective of right-wing activist, Pat Buchanan and left-wing activist, Ralph Nader. According to the paper, it is rare for Buchanan and Nader to agree on anything, but NAFTA represents an area where these two traditionally opposite ends of the political and economic spectrum have comparable viewpoints.
From the Paper
"Both Buchanan and Nader dispute that NAFTA is facilitating comparative advantage for the benefit of all. According to Nader, "Someday the pollyanna belief that the US economy always replaces the jobs it loses overseas with new jobs here, as we keep racing ahead of other countries with modern technology, may run into a contrary riptide that no set of spurious statistics can obscure." Buchanan elaborates with statistics related to manufacturing jobs. He says that under Bush, three million manufacturing jobs have disappeared, one in every six, and that Mexico is taking on our higher value exports. Mexico's leading exports to the United States in 2005 were automobiles, oil, electrical machinery, computers, furniture, textiles and apparel while the United States' leading exports to Mexico were plastics, chemicals, cereals, cotton, meat, paper, oil seed, aluminum, copper and knitted or crocheted fabrics. Nader, on free trade in general, points out the lost of skilled jobs in the United States in the fields of computer programming, payroll processing, airline passenger billings, and insurance computer applications."
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NAFTA, 2007.
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the financially poor Mexico and Canada have been able to increase their prosperity and growth due to The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The paper shows how manufacturers in all three countries benefit from the increased market potential of three countries instead of just one. The paper relates that the three countries are unified not only in terms of the envisioned economic sphere, but also in terms of environmentalism and political matters. The paper also points out, however, that despite all these benefits, there are those who are less optimistic regarding the current results and future prospects of the Trade Agreement. The paper briefly discusses the reasons for this lack of optimism.
From the Paper
"The concept of unification can be seen from a variety of diverse viewpoints. In terms of the economy, for example, countries, states, or businesses may seek unification in order to not only simplify, but also consolidate the financial terms, issues and debts. Politically, unification can mean the simplification and standardization of rules, regulations and laws. Unification in terms of politics is often necessitated by factors such as economic pressure, as well as a need for standardization and control in terms of governance (Hulsmann, G.J.)."
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Foreign-Direct Investments, 2007.
This paper discusses how foreign-direct investments aid economic growth.
2,696 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the general "push" and "pull" factors of foreign-direct investment and analyzes these types of international investments made in two countries of notable global success; Sweden and China. These are two countries known for superior investment and entrepreneurial leadership and their business models are examined in light of the current status of foreign-direct investments. The paper concludes with an analysis of the driving factors that foreign-direct investments share that have made countries highly successful from an economic standpoint.
From the Paper
"Foreign investors operate at the margins of the economy by exploiting opportunities overlooked by most, and their companies play a key role with regard to achieving long-term sustainable development based on economic growth, environmental considerations and social commitment. The best "foreign" or "international" investors are described as individuals with the unique capability to build something of recognized value around perceived opportunities. Private expenditure on research and development in any country will be insufficient to maximize the nation's productivity potential, unless it is subsidized, either through taxes or grants or some other mechanism (Erskine, 2003)."
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Low-Income Workers, 2006.
A discussion regarding low-income workers and 'Nickel and Dimed' by Barbara Ehrenreich.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of low-income workers, said to be - victims of growing prosperity in the USA. The paper reviews Barbara Ehrenreich's book 'Nickel and Dimed' which discusses this subject. According to the paper, Ehrenreich's makes a convincing case against America's self-proclaimed democratic status when it calls the country a "dictatorship" where low-wage workers "dwell in a place that is neither free nor in any way democratic".
From the Paper
"In response to severe workplace abuses witnessed by immigrants at the turn of the 20th century prompted the federal government to take some serious steps. This included the passing of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA). This and other applicable regulations were meant to ensure healthy working conditions and better wages for workers. However over the years, several violations of the provisions of FLSA have surfaced including the violations connected with record keeping. Section 11a of the legislation requires employers to maintain a record of wages, hours and other conditions at the workplace or factories. These records serve as an important tool for checking if any violations of FLSA took place and to ensure that FLSA is properly followed. However the reasons violations of record keeping are rampant is because of a lack of monetary penalties in case of violation. "
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Bureaucracy and Economics, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the bureaucratic system as it is relates to economics.
829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the situation in sub-Saharan Africa, Bangladesh and illustrates the consequences of bureaucratic corruption. The paper shows how this results in poverty and in the growth of the country's economy being greatly deterred. The paper concludes that a bureaucratic system that is not corrupt has much to offer a country, while a corrupt bureaucracy drains the country of growth potential and hope.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Sub-Saharan Africa Bureaucratic Corruption
Blackburn and Forgues-Puccio
Results of Bureaucratic Corruption in Bangladesh
Empirical Studies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the Nigerian Village Square article entitled: "The Effects of Bureaucratic Corruption on Economic Development: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa" examined are "the incidence and causes of bureaucratic corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa" and the results or consequences on "economic development" in that area of Africa. Stated to be results of that corruption are "underdeveloped human and natural resources, extremely low levels of productivity, inability to attract and sustain direct foreign investment, continuous mismatch of capital and needs, and deplorable infrastructures. (Klitgaard, 1990; as cited by Ifediora, 2005)"
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Forming an Economic Union, 2007.
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union.
3,517 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union, and possibly a monetary union to which members could, subject to conditions, apply to join. Factors such as possible membership, timetable, trade and investment effects, convergence of economies, economic and social consequences and administrative structure are covered briefly, yet concisely. The experiences of the European Union/Monetary Union are used as support for the arguments which are presented in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the study
The Aim of an Economic Union
The Disadvantages of an Economic Union
Economic Union and the Dilemma of Collective Action
Arguments Against an Economic Union
Advantages for an Economic Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A vital question for the triumph of an economic union is whether the economic union placed by an autonomous, supranational central bank in addition to fiscal (and other) procedures managed by a national government is helpful not only to price-steadiness but also towards economic development. This concern related to an economic union stems mainly from the commencement of the euro during 1999. Since the Euro inception, there has been a constant flow of disapproval concerning the EU'S system for economic union and harmonization. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) - perhaps, the most well-known aspects of union -- has been constantly criticized by economists as an unimagined, dull and eventually counter-productive procedure that encourages pro-cyclic fiscal procedures, slows down economic revival and harms the durable growth prospective of the EU financial system. In addition, accusation has also been cited, quite frequently, against the incapability of the policy structure to provide a logical policy blend, as well as, laments the deficient of suppleness in policy management (Fitoussi and Creel, 2002)."
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The Pros and Cons of A Hybrid Car, 2006.
A comparison between hybrid and gasoline powered cars.
964 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the pros and cons of running a hybrid car versus one that is powered by gasoline. The paper discusses how, with the price of gasoline globally escalating, the debate between hybrid and gasoline-powered cars is also becoming more prevalent.
From the Paper
"With all the efforts of auto manufacturers to deliver hybrid vehicles, the questions remain if these automobiles are worth the higher price when lower-priced and smaller gasoline-powered vehicles get just as good of mileage and are thousands of dollars less. Hybrid vehicles do deliver efficiency in larger metro areas where state and local governments allow drivers traveling alone to use the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. The State of California has recently decided to retract the offer to hybrid vehicle owners to use HOV lanes due to the slowness of hybrid vehicle sales in the state and the cost of administering the program. With this benefit no longer available and the wide variety of low cost and high mileage cars in California, hybrid cars are being increasingly seen as a social statement of environmental awareness over the economics of operating them. "
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