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Canadian Capitalism, 2008.
A look at the implications of capitalism in a raw material producing economy according to Harold Innis.
1,167 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Harold Innis referred to the Canadian economy as shaping cultural traits in a mutual relationship. It explains that, by tracing how the early settlement and development of Canada revolved around a limited number of raw materials, Innis saw implications for the future of a country that was much arranged around the fur trade, lumber, and a few other commodities. The paper argues how these patterns seem true with regard to a Canadian economy that still revolves around raw materials as opposed to industrial or technological development.
Outline:
Introduction
More on Economy and Mentality
The Anti-Industrial Revolution and Results
Reflections
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Globalization and its myth of capitalist uniformity is defied by various Canadians who indicate a non-American, different history that instilled a spirit of conservatism, low-risk development, varying business acumen and varying interest in the production of new wealth. One sees the impacts of history and culture on business attitudes and behaviours of the present to show that history is important towards assessing contemporary phenomena. In addition to matters of history have been those owing to spatial geography and climate in a country that can seem much geared to ordinary survival as opposed to forward thinking change. "
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International Political Economy, 2007.
This paper discuses the field of international political economy, which has become increasingly important because of mass globalization.
3,805 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that current political economic changes across the globe, such as the appearance of the euro, trends in foreign direct investment and the introduction of the Internet, have lead to a need to reform existing international politics and implement a more efficient system. The author points out that automobile and electronic manufacturers are not in favor of a globalized free trade but rather find it more advantageous to employ a closed economic block to wage war against rival firms in Japan and Europe. The paper stresses that an increasing gap between developing and rich nations needs to be stemmed by creating an environment, which is beneficial for conditions of long-term per capita income growth.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Globalization and International Political Economy
Issues Surrounding Trade
Environmental and Social Issues
The International Political Situation: Now and in the Future
Problems International Political Economists Must Overcome
Conclusion: Future Directions
From the Paper
"Contemporary trends toward enforcing major trade policies between numerous countries have provided a number of challenges. Even over the last decade, the NAFTA agreement, the WTO and the proposed (and failed) fast-track scheme U.S. President Clinton proposed in 1997-98 are three world-renown examples. NAFTA caused a lot of controversy, not only outside of U.S. borders but within. The agreement aimed to expand on an existing arrangement between the U.S. and Canada of "free trade" (a hallmark of globalization) which expanded in the late 1980s to include Mexico. "
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WTO and Global Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the views that support and are critical of global trade and the World Trade Organization.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the free trade that it supports. The paper presents and discusses the debate over the WTO and free trade and presents the views of those who support it and are critical of it. It examines the fundamental inequality in global trade that is fostered by the WTO and suggests that global trade serves to support the wealth and power of a global economic elite.
From the Paper
"As this example suggests, while global trade and its associated wealth may be expanding rapidly - a process which the WTO seems to support - in many cases this expansion serves to promote inequality on a global scale instead of shared prosperity. When we consider that only 1/200th of the price of an average coffee beverage is actually paid to the original harvester of the crop, we can understand the extraordinary profits made at different middle stages of the trade before coffee is actually consumed in the wealthy markets of the world. The expanding and highly profitable global trade in coffee thus allows us to understand that while trade may expand and greater wealth is created as a result, this does not necessarily have to be equally or fairly distributed wealth. In fact, in many cases, global trade seems to support greater inequality."
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Macroeconomics Indicators, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages of Riordan Manufacturing's expansion into the Canadian market.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the expansion plans of Riordan Manufacturing. It specifically looks at Canada as the targeted market for expansion by Riordan as a strategy to increase revenues and expand margins. It also discusses other advantages for Riordan of expansion into the Canadian market, such as the fact that Canada maintains few substantial trade barriers and is a gateway into the all important U.S. market.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Balance of Trade and Payment
Comparative Advantages
Barriers to Trade
Major Currencies
From the Paper
"Conversely, there is some debate regarding the state of the U.S. dollar. Some analysts believe that its current weakness across the global foreign exchange markets is due to intentional oversight on the part of the current administration (Pomerantz, 2005). Because of the huge current account deficits that the U.S. maintains with many trading partners, if the U.S. dollar were stronger, these deficits would be even worse. Many researchers argue that by intentionally failing to act by strengthening the dollar vis-a-vis foreign currencies, the Bush administration is effectively suppressing the amount of foreign imports."
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The African AIDS Epidemic, 2007.
An analysis of the global impact of inadequate health care policy and national poverty in the African AIDS epidemic.
1,762 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the growing problem of AIDS in Africa. It discusses the major reasons why poverty and inadequate health care policies are important factors of this epidemic. The paper then compares Africa with other countries in the world and analyzes, in depth, how and why Africa is suffering under the epidemic of AIDS in recent times. It specifically looks at the global impact of inadequate health care policy and poverty in the African AIDS epidemic.
From the Paper
"This statement from the Bush Administration allows the participatory involvement of not only South Africa, but of the other countries in the vicinity that show some economic and political stability. South Africa and Uganda represents one of the more stable countries of the region, this is why it has been included within this study on how the northern and southern hemispheres are dealing with this crisis. However, the status of South Africa as a leader in preventing AIDS for impoverished nations that surround it appear to be negligent, since it cannot provide a leading example of how to stop the infection within its own policy settings agendas. In this manner, the issue of poverty within a global context is an important factor in generating reasons as to why South Africa provides a higher rate of infections thn other countries, such as the United States."
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The FTAA, 2007.
An analysis of the benefits and disadvantages of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) on Brazil and its economy.
2,236 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines some of the most relevant issues regarding the potential effect of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) on Brazil and its economy. The paper analyzes the case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its affect on Mexico and its economy as an illustrative case. It then examines various trade structures and associations relative to the potential impact of the FTAA for Brazil and South America. Additionally, the paper looks at the benefits and the negatives of the development of a potential FTAA and examines several impediments to its further adoption in the region and by Brazil specifically.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Globalization
Economic History in the Americas
Trade Models
NAFTA Goals
Effects on Mexico
Macroeconomic Considerations
Political
Labor
Environment
Brazil Currently
MERCOSUR
Future of the FTAA
Roadblocks to Progress
Current Debate--Pros/Cons
Brazil's Anti-FTAA Stance & Lula
Possible Impact
Macroeconomic
Political
Labor
Environment
From the Paper
"Most economists believe the wider FTAA holds more promise for the South American member states than does the regional MERCOSUR or similar agreements that may result. The FTAA would expand the potential markets for industry competitors throughout South America allowing for greater leverage of comparative advantage. However, other analysts believe that the FTAA ultimately benefits the largest member states and leaves the smaller member countries with no obvious benefit (Oppenheimer, 2006). This last criticism has been directed at both the FTAA and regional agreements and seems to be an issue related to any trade agreement regardless of context."
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Economic Monopolies, 2007.
An examination of the arguments suggesting that Microsoft enjoys an illegal monopoly.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the definition of an economic monopoly and discusses whether Microsoft fits into this definition. The paper examines the three main facts that seem to indicate that Microsoft enjoys illegal monopoly power in the personal computer and software market and discusses whether anti-trust laws have been broken by Microsoft. The paper then discusses the arguments of the defenders of Microsoft.
From the Paper
"Postrel (1998) notes that both Microsoft and the Justice Department appealed Judge Sporkin's ruling against the Consent Decree. This may seem odd since normally a ruling in favor of one party would be appealed by the other party. In this case, however, both parties wanted the Decree to be admitted, so it became the government and Microsoft fighting the court. The appeals court overturned Judge Sporkin's ruling, arguing that he overstepped his bounds. They felt his desire for additional information and for the proposed decree to be broader was beyond the scope of the Tunney Act, under which a court should only consider matters contained in the proposed consent decree. The appeals court mandated that the Consent Decree be allowed."
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Geography of Global Processes, 2007.
An examination of how globalization affects and perpetuates divisions between the rich and the poor, the global north and the global south.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how globalization affects and perpetuates divisions between the rich and the poor in the global community. More specifically, the paper examines the consequences of disproportionate exchanges of investment and people between different parts of the world. It links this discussion to concepts such as spatial interaction, scale, human/nature relationships and to the linkages between globalization and items such as space, place and landscape. The paper specifically analyzes the nation of Thailand and how it encapsulates the dilemmas and contradictions which comprise the phenomenon of globalization.
From the Paper
"Briefly, as time permits, it would be remiss if a few minutes were not given over to how globalization impacts women even more so than men. As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the destruction of local economies by the massive forces of globalization hits women especially hard - and, because it is hard enough for these women to get work to begin with, the feminization of poverty often follows (Seong-Won, para.2). Further, given how increases in acute poverty often spark increases in suicides and in crime rates (Seong-Won, para.2) - and given how women in developing lands are especially vulnerable to falling into acute poverty and every bit as vulnerable to the depredations of crime - it is impossible to argue against the contention that globalization saves its harshest punishment for the women of global south nations who are already on the bottom rungs of society to begin with."
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The United States and Japan, 2007.
This paper compares the political and economic systems of the United States and Japan, which reflect each nation's political culture, history, religious influences and social traditions.
1,310 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although political and economic systems of the United States and Japan are very similar now, until the end of the Second World War, they were very different especially because of Japan's isolation as a nation over two millennium. The author points out that both economic systems are market-economies, which are moving into the Information Age, display adaptability and are trending towards deregulation. The paper relates that four political parties compete for seats in Japans Parliament just as American political parties compete for seats in Congress; however, unlike in the United States, Japan's prime minister is elected by majority vote in the Parliament's House of Representatives and House of Councilors.
From the Paper
"Japan's form of constitutional democracy has been described as a constitutional monarchy, but the emperor has no real power and essentially serves as a ceremonial head of state. Governing power is in the hands of the Prime Minister and Parliament in Tokyo. This parliamentary system in Japan differs from the federal government system in the United States, which features a presidential system comprised of three equal branches of government: an executive branch headed by the chief executive, a bicameral legislative branch, and a judicial branch."
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"Both economic systems are market-economies, are moving into the Information Age, and have experienced recent downturns in their economies. But both have displayed adaptability and trends towards deregulation, and these elements, along with the strong cultural work ethic in Japanese and American employees, bode well for the future economic prosperity of Japan and the United States."
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Law and Economics, 2007.
An analysis of how law and economics relate to property and liability, as seen in the cases of "Miller et al. v. Schoene" and "Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co".
1,069 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the cases of "Miller et al. v. Schoene" (1928) and "Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co" (1970), which both touch upon similar issues in law and economics related to property and liability. The paper argues, in comparing and contrasting the rulings in the two cases, that in evaluating real world circumstances and cases the law does not reflect pure economic analysis of these questions. It suggests that the law has tended to treat negative externalities by a liability rule as opposed to a property rule.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, we can see that the court in the case of Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co. generally followed the trend of courts and has "been reluctant to go beyond the requirement that damages be paid". In this regard, the court was restricting itself to issues of liability and not delving into the more complex economic issues in judging the costs of air pollution against damages to the community. Indeed, as Ronald Coase observes, purely economic considerations and analyses of cases before courts often does not impact court rulings: "it has to be remembered that the immediate question faced by the courts is not what shall be done by whom but who has the legal right to do what". As another critic notes, the issues of cost interdependence in ruling between property owners in such cases is often "a technical-economic interdependence not a legal one"."
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The Law of Thermodynamic Economics, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between thermodynamics and neo-classical economics.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses unsustainable consumption patterns and the laws of thermodynamics. It discusses the relationship between thermodynamics and the study of neo-classical economics and free-market society and its importance in the current economic model. Finally, the paper examines why ecological economics is antithetical to neo-classical economists and free market advocates and then discusses the need for further research on the topic.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Thermodynamics in Economics
Current Importance
Objections
Further Research
From the Paper
"The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation and this law is critical in the establishment of sustainable consumption patterns within a free-market economy that rejects all forms of constraints (Lawn pars.2-5). Although this law states that energy cannot be destroyed or created it illustrates that materials that result in energy can be depleted through transformation processes that result in forms of energy that cannot be harvested in an economic sense. Entropy is essentially the second law of thermodynamics and as such is central to thermodynamics as it is applied to ecological economics. Entropy is the concept in ecological economics that describes the state of potential energy as being less than the initial energy contained within an item or unit (Finch & McMaster 135). It describes the necessity of continually introducing new energy into economic activity to produce ever greater results or outcomes at the risk of economic shutdown."
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The Canadian Condominium Industry, 2007.
This paper explores the interrelationship of the Canadian condominium industry and the mortgage loan market.
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the condominium market is one aspect of the speculative real estate market that has contributed greatly to the bubble-like behavior of the recent housing boom. The author points out that the condominium component of the housing industry is particularly important to the mortgage loan industry and typifies the significant symbiosis that exists between the housing and the mortgage finance industry. The paper stresses that condominium developers may have a cost advantage in a significantly depressed market because single-family unit developers are unable to account for land costs across a greater number of housing units as condominium developers are able to do. The paper includes graphs.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Economics of Supply and Demand
The Price Impact on Homes
The Mortgage Loan Industry
Effect on Housing Market
From the Paper
"Among the artificial forces that affect supply and demand, the first may be a private enterprise's mandate to lower the number of vacant, month-to-month temporary units by a fixed percentage point in order to control demographic development. This is not a market force but an operating decision to increase revenue on existing units on the part of a given company specializing in housing products; either single units or condominiums. To accomplish this objective a company needs to artificially manipulate equilibrium within the market."
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Economic Trade Policy and Globalization, 2007.
A review of the arguments for and against the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and discusses the arguments for and against the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade. It argues that a synthesis approach represents the most realistic and accurate assessment of these issues. The paper suggests that while the operations of the WTO and global trade clearly serve the interests of powerful transnationals in the global marketplace, they also clearly create prosperity and opportunity for millions in less developed countries.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, the evidence is undeniable that international trade and globalization contribute to shared prosperity in many cases; the existence of the Asian "Tigers" is clear proof of this. The case of environmental protection is mixed in this regard, as there does not seem to be any clear correlation between closed and open economies and environmental damage; there are cases of great damage in both examples. However, it is also clear that the WTO does not seem to be supporting the interests of global economic equality in promoting freer trade. Instead, as we have seen, there is compelling evidence that it is, in fact, supporting the interests of powerful corporations even against the expressed interests of western nation-states. Thus, the most accurate conclusion would be that while the WTO and global trade have created shared prosperity for many, they have also reinforced a structural system of global inequality supporting dominance by transnational corporations."
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WTO Trade, 2007.
A review of the debate over the outcome of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade on developing nations.
839 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two distinct views of the World Trade Organization(WTO) and global trade. The paper first discusses the argument that global trade is the means by which developing nations have the opportunity to create functioning economies that will result in higher standards of living. It then looks at the argument that the repercussions of prosperity have maintained inequality and developing nations continue to serve the interests of the large and powerful nations. The paper looks briefly at the coffee industry to help illustrate these views. The paper is written in the narrative form and presents the writer's opinion on the issues.
From the Paper
"Phillippe Legrain's argument divides the issue of global trade into contradictory positions; either you support the WTO and helping poor nations develop or you do not and public demonstrations are in his opinion, an indication of questionable agendas. However, this is too simplistic, there is more to trade as is indicated by Legrain's statement that countries are given the opportunity to raise their citizenry out of poverty or protect their natural resources and air quality (8). Working for slave wages in the coffee fields is still no way to live and it behooves a civilized society to demand fair trade even if it costs us a few dollars more ("Blackcoffee")."
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The Euro vs. the Dollar, 2007.
This paper explores the impact of the Euro on U.S. monetary policy.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Euro vis-a-vis its impact on U.S. monetary and financial policy. The paper reveals that the Euro is currently performing well on the open currency markets and its strength versus the dollar is strong. The paper discusses how U.S. monetary policy, as guided by the Federal Reserve, has been forced to adjust its policy to accommodate the stronger Euro and its impact on trade and foreign relations.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
U.S. Economic Policy
Exchange Rate Effects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In spite of its weak introduction, the Euro has become a major international currency on a par with the U.S. dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese Yen. The concept of a unified European currency has its origins in post World-War II Europe that was severely damaged, both economically and socially, by the ravages of the German war machine as well as the various political tyrannies that had led up to the war (Harrop, 1999). The Euro as a model of single-currency for the European Union was largely formalized in the Maastricht treaty of 1992 where the European Union became a reality rather than a pipedream (Harrop, 1999). The Euro was the conception of the 12 original European member states and was spear-headed by the Council of the European Union and the European Commission that set the formula for deciding the conversion rates at implementation (Pomfret, 2005). While initially weak on the open currency markets, the Euro quickly established itself as viable common currency regime for the EU and it has become a factor in many world economies and especially that of the U.S. economy."
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NAFTA Vs. the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores continental nationalism and trade policy agendas, focusing on NAFTA and the European Union.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the countries of the North American zone; Canada, the United States and Mexico joined together as an economic bloc and why European nations chose to re-constitute themselves into a single political and economic bloc after the Second World War. The paper then examines how economic integration between the European and North American countries has been and is pursued. The paper compares NAFTA to the European Union and explores the tensions between the two powerful trading blocs and where their tense relationship appears to be headed.
Outline:
Introduction
The North American Free Trade Agreement
The European Union: Its Origins, its "Unity-Based" Agenda, and its Collective Trade Policy
Comparing NAFTA with the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The "official" reasons for the emergence of the North American Free Trade Agreement are stated in Article 102 of the document. Specifically, the document states that all three signatories wish to eliminate barriers in trade and to facilitate the free movement of goods and services across the boundaries of the various territories. Article 102 also makes it clear that NAFTA is meant to promote "fair competition" and to increase investment opportunities for all three nations. As importantly as anything else, the document also delineates that the free trade accord is meant to ensure that intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property rights is carried out effectively and vigorously in all of the ratifying nations."
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Canadian Owned Investment, 2007.
This paper discusses how free trade affected Canadian-owned capital.
2,878 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the historic patterns of Canadian-owned investment capital since the middle of the last century and explores how investment patterns were impacted by the arrival of the Free Trade Agreement. Specifically, the paper delves into which industries appear to be receiving Canadian investment capital, which ones are not, if that investment capital is staying in Canada, who among Canadian investment capital owners appear to be benefiting from the free trade regime, and what the future holds for Canadian-owned capital and those who determine to which ends it is put. In the final analysis, the writer maintains that Canadian-owned capital, largely because of free trade, will become more internationalized, more concentrated in service sectors, and more aggressively invested.
Outline:
Introduction
Historic Patterns of Canadian-Owned Capital Investment - From the 1950s Onward
The Introduction of Free Trade: How it Impacted Canadian-Owned Capital
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As one might expect, Canadians have long sent their disposable investment capital south of the border; indeed, by about the middle of the twentieth century, Canadians were sending more investment capital to America than they were to any other country. By the early 1960s, Canadians also constituted the largest group of foreigners engaging in "issue borrowing" in New York - so it is evident that many Canadian investors and borrowers preferred to deal with New York at least much as they did Toronto or Montreal. Naturally, this investment approach rather complicated nationalist policies put forward by Canadian governments which would have preferred that investment monies remain in Canada."
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Property Tax, 2007.
This paper explores the issues pertaining to property tax in Canada.
2,137 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, in Canada, taxes are higher across the board than in many other developed markets, thus property tax issues are especially problematic. The paper explains how property tax is calculated and why property taxes are continually under attack from various public and private entities. The paper discusses areas that a tax authority or municipality can consider for reform and maintains that the methodology behind property tax determination is a process that should be under constant official scrutiny in order to create not only consistency but faith in the system.
Outline:
Introduction
Property Assessment
Assessment Characteristics
Local Perspectives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Property tax in general, no matter the market, is generally a contentious issue. However, in Canada, where taxes average higher across the board than in many other developed markets, they are especially problematic. In Canada, property taxes are usually determined by two factors: 1) an overall tax rate which is determined by the local taxing authorities or the local municipal governments within the Provinces, and 2) a property's given value which is assessed by the local municipal assessing agency ("Property" a). The fact remains that property tax no matter how contentious is still Canada's primary source of local and provincial revenues. Statistics Canada reports that as recently as 2003 property taxes constituted 35% of local municipality revenues in all provinces ("Property" b). Yet, this burden on the average citizen appears to be on the increase rather than the decrease and there is much speculation as to how the Canadian economy can continue to expand in such a heavily taxed environment."
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