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Civil Society In China & Europe, 1996.
Compares evolution, theories & practices, focusing on Chinese protests & reforms since late 1980s, roles & power of state & citizens, mass movements, leadership, religion, economics.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The brutally repressed 1989 student protests in Beijing's Tiananmen Square have been widely seen as one spark that helped ignite the uprisings in Eastern Europe in that same year. When it is asked why the same kind of uprising did not take place in China many scholars have blamed the supposed absence of "civil society" there. Though uses of this term vary considerably, those who subscribe to this explanation of China's problems generally conceive of civil society as "an arena of independent associational activity free from state domination" (Perry, Introduction 297). This is the type of activity -- ranging from the Catholic Church in Poland to dissident intellectual circles in Czechoslovakia -- that others have credited with providing the "institutional stage on which the revolutions of 1989 were played out" (Perry, Introduction 297). This explanation seems fitting..."
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Hungarians in Slovenia, 2001.
Discusses issues of ethnic identity, history and the current status of Hungarians in Slovenia. Demographic make-up of Slovenia.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"One of the great questions facing any people who are an ethnic minority in their own society is whether they should try to preserve their sense of ethnicity, their sense of apartness, or if they should attempt to merge their own sense of ethnicity into a greater sense of nationality. This paper examines the status of Hungarians in Slovenia, how they have maintained their sense of self amid a larger population that is not always sympathetic to the ethnic identity of its subpopulations.
In order to understand the position in which Hungarians in Slovenia Hungary find themselves, it may be useful to understand more broadly the history of Slovenia itself. It is important to note that a very large measure of ethnic identity comes from understanding how one is different from one?s neighbors. People not only define themselves as like their families and other ..."
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Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, 2001.
Contends 1989 was a watershed year in international relations with the end of Cold War. Offers cultural & political theories incl. Postmodernism, liberalism & realism to help understand new (post Cold War) international acts.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"International Crises
Many theorists in the field of international relations maintain that 1989 was a watershed year. In fact, they argue that 1989 stands out as "a dramatic divide in contemporary history, in some respects comparable to the French Revolution two hundred years earlier" (Simensen, 1999, p. 391). Thus, Jarle Simensen asserts that the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, the end of the Cold War, and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union inaugurated a new era in international relations (Simensen, 1999, p. p. 3). The significance of the Cold War to the development of international relations cannot be overstated. In fact, Simensen notes that international relations as a subdiscipline of political science developed during the Cold War (1999, p. 395). On the other hand, the Persian Gulf War demonstrates that no .."
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European Investment in the Balkans, 2001.
Historical background & current geopolitical & economic situation. Direct investment (FDI) in particular Balkan nations. Need for internal restructuring.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 15 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the historical background and contemporary geopolitical and economic perspectives of foreign, primarily European, direct investment (FDI) in the Balkans and in particular Balkan nations.
The national economies which make up the Balkan Peninsula have not shared appreciably in the tremendous global expansion of FDI which has occurred in the last quarter of the 20th century. The ending of the Cold War and the apparent dampening down of the wars of the 1990s which accompanied the disintegration of the former Yugoslav Federation have ushered into power throughout most of the region governments which are receptive to FDI.
FDI and other forms of European foreign capital played a ..."
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Belarus and Ukraine, 2001.
Political & economic problems & struggles faced by 2 emerging nations after Soviet collapse. Different approaches to growth.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"In the troubled aftermath of the Soviet collapse, newly independent, sovereign nations Belarus and Ukraine have sustained a similar array of political and economic woes. Decades of Soviet rule have rendered both Belarus and Ukraine ill-equipped to adopt stable, functioning, and least of all democratic, governments. Today, the political climate of these nations is ghastly; in Belarus, authoritarian president Alexander Lukashenko is in his sixth year of a subversive, autocratic presidency (Time International, 1999, p. 42). In Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma won re-election to the presidency after a campaign rife with political violence, murder, and censorship of the media (The Economist, 1999, p. 19). On the economic front, each nation has endured wild inflation, lack of foreign investment, and declining standards of living. "
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Yugoslavia, 2001.
Focus on the economy of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbia & Montenegro.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"BASIC FACTS ABOUT YUGOSLAVIA
Summary Background
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia consists of Serbia and Montenegro. as well as the federal republic. Officially, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is not recognized by the international community. The Federal government presents itself as the government of the sole successor of the former socialist Yugoslav Republic. The cities of Belgrade (Serbia) and Podgorica (Montenegro) are the country capitals and the the Federal Republic Capital is Belgrade.(1)
There is a combined population (January 2000 estimate) of 11,206,847 with 10,526,478 atttributed to Serbia and 689,369 people living in Montnegro.
The ethnic breakdown consists of Serbs (63 percent); Albanians (14 percent..."
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The Current Political Afflictions of Italy, 2002.
An analysis of Italy's current political issues, focussing on illegal immigration, corruption and elections, among other issues.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a country profile on Italy that reflects the current adversities that Italy faces. Afflictions outlined include illegal immigration, corruption, and elections. The paper explains the problems Italy has faced in the past, and the problems they face now. It also emphasizes the difficulty in repairing these problems.
From the Paper
"The Italian Republic, better known as Italy, became a nationwide state in 1861; they were united under King Victor Emmanuel. It originally had a parliamentary government; that came to an abrupt end in the early 1920s when the Fascist leader, Benito Mussolini, established a dictatorship. He formed an alliance with Nazi Germany that ultimately led to both Mussolini and Italy's defeat in World War II.(1) Italy's economy was finally revived in 1946 when a democratic republic replaced the monarchy. In 1999, Italy joined the European Monetary Union and now uses the "Euro Dollar" as their currency. This paper will show that Italy's most current affliction revolves around the influx of illegal immigration."
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Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, 2002.
A biography of famous Eastern European artist, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy.
3,410 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy is widely considered to be one of the twentieth century?s most important and influential artists. This paper discusses him as a photographer, painter, designer, writer, sculptor printmaker, film-maker and teacher. It shows how his influence reached into many aspects of the arts, from his native Eastern Europe, to the Western part of the Continent, across the Atlantic to the United States. The paper also explains how Moholy-Nagy was an important figure in the Western European Constructivism movement.
From the Paper
"Moholy-Nagy was born in 1895 in Baac?s-Borsod, Hungary. He left school in Budapest to fight in World War I in 1916. It is during the war that he began sketching and taking his work as an artist seriously. In 1917, while recovering from a wound, he founded the artist group MA and started a literary magazine called ?Jelenkor?. In 1919 he moved to Vienna. It was there he began to make photograms and collages."
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NATO in Serbia, 2000.
An analysis of the NATO invasion of Serbia by examining international law.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to justify the NATO strikes on Serbia by examining international law. This invasion, made for both strategic and moral purposes, and made in part because of violations of international law by Serbia, was itself an exercise in near-total disregard of international law.
From the Paper
"On March 24, 1999, President William Clinton of the United States of America ordered air strikes against Serbia as part of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) offensive, Operation Allied Force. Speaking to the American people, he explained: ?We act to protect ... innocent people in Kosovo from a mounting military offensive ... to prevent a wider war; to diffuse a powder keg at the heart of Europe that has exploded twice before in this century ... to stand united with our allies for peace.? The 30,000 soldier offensive was made in response to Serbian oppression of ethnic Albanians living in the province of Kosovo. NATO justified the bombing as an attempt to protect Kosovar civilians, to stabilize regional European security, and to maintain NATO credibility. This invasion, made for both strategic and moral purposes, made in part because of violations of international law by Serbia, was itself an exercise in near-total disregard of international law."
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Why did the Tsarist regime Survive 1905?, 2001.
An examination of the causes of the 1905 revolution in Russia, how close it came to success, and the reasons for its failure.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that the Russian revolution of 1905 was a protest against the Tsar's refusal to make political concessions, and that once the concessions were given, the revolution was doomed to failure. It argues that the opposition was disorganized and not united in its objectives, and that generally the people of Russia still revered the Tsar, despite his faults.
From the Paper
"On 9 January 1905, a worker?s procession in St Petersburg calling for social and political reform was fired upon by panicked troops and two hundred people were killed. A resultant wave of strikes and protests across the country threatened to overthrow the monarchy; indeed, as most of the army was engaged in the war against Japan, the Tsar had little protection. Opposition to the Tsar had been building up for many years, and was made up of a broad range of political groups, including peasants and workers, moderates and revolutionaries, liberals and socialists."
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How the Dispute in the Balkans Led to WWI, 2000.
This paper is an exploration of the causes of World War I with particular attention given to tensions in the Balkans.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the part the Balkans had to play in the outbreak of World War I. It argues that whilst Russia, Serbia and Austria all viewed hostilities as local to the area, Germany deliberately exploited the situation to create European war.
From the Paper
?The racial struggle cannot be avoided ? perhaps it will not take place now, but it will probably take place in one or two years.? Kaiser Wilhelm II, 10 December, 1912 That the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark for World War One there can be little doubt. However, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and many of his generals, cabinet and advisors, had been looking for an excuse to instigate European war, and more specifically the Schlieffen Plan, before Russia?s military power grew to rival that of Germany?s."
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Krakow, 1999.
The history of the city of Krakow (Cracow), Poland
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
A paper which relates the colorful history of the cultural and academic center that is the city of Krakow in Poland. Includes information from the city's founding in the eight century to the modern day.
From the Paper
"Krak?w is a city in southern Poland. It is the capital of Krak?w Province. It has a rich heritage and for many centuries this city has played an important role in Poland?s history. In today?s world it is an important industrial center, yet it still attracts many tourists with its many landmarks. This city has seen Poland in its Golden Age when it stretched out from the Baltic to Black seas and also when it was under the foreign control after the partitions."
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Czechoslovakian Split, 1998.
A paper which discusses the ramifications for the two countries - the Czech and Slovak Republics - after the Czechoslovakian split.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
A discussion of the problems facing each of the nations from the former Czechoslovakian Republic, now that they are separated. The paper discusses environmental issues, political and foreign relation complications as well as church-state relationships.
From the Paper
"Change is rarely easy. Change becomes harder when a nation that has existed for a long time needs to dissolve into two different nations, each with its own set of problems. Economic and social change from a government controlled to a free market doesn't come easily and problem free either. Czechoslovakia is an example of such a situation. The country's dissolution has been called the peaceful divorce. [Otto Ulc. p.1-3] Czechoslovakia had only few cities with a p opulation over 750,000 and had been plagued by large variety of environmental and economic problems. Another problem results from the fact that the two separated nations don't wish to have much to do with the other, and thus the new nations are plagued by bad foreign relations with each other and remaining eastern European countries."
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"The Painted Bird" by Jerzy Kosinski: A Work of Art or Rubbish?, 2002.
This essay discusses the novel 'The Painted Bird' by Jerzy Kosinski along with some common criteria for evaluating works of art and determining their cultural value.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper defends this novel by Jerzy Kosinski , so often attacked and ridiculed by critics, and hails it as a classic work of art of supreme historical value.
From the Paper
Before beginning, however, a few comments on this controversial novel are important leading into the discussion. First of all, it is impossible to read The Painted Bird without feeling strong emotions and asking difficult questions: Could such a story really be true? If it is true, how can people treat other humans in this way? Are there still people in the world like this, seemingly without traditional values or morality? In a similar cultural setting, would I act in the same way? The characters in The Painted Bird demonstrate the most incredible forms of inhumanity and amorality imaginable and the story of the boy's experiences are at times beyond belief. Second, this book has been called everything from a classic of literature (for its portrayal of the horrors of war from the eyes of an innocent child) to an outrageous fabrication (written by a pathological liar and apologist for the Nazis).
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Vampires: Straying From the Path of Righteousness, 2002.
This paper looks at the historical vampire and evidence that disproved them.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
An in-depth look at the history of the vampire giving examples of famous past figures claiming to be vampires. It looks at the symbols in the vampire culture and what they mean - blood, church, religion. The paper then tries to examine medical excuses for vampires - anemia, catalepsy etc.
From the Paper
"Vampires have been around since the beginning of time. People have used them to explain things they thought were unexplainable. ?Vampires are mythical creatures who overcome death by sucking the blood from living humans (Vampires).? [See addendum A] In our modern society, when people see a picture of a vampire they are supposedly overcome with feelings of longing, whether consciously or unconsciously. Vampires, in our eyes, are elegant, debonair, gorgeous, sexual, and desirable. What vampires want mimics what people want: all of their hidden desires and secrets. They are outlets for a society where the line between good and evil is bold, where everything is black or white. Aspects found in vampires are the same aspects that are found in us. Vampires rise not in the morning but at night when the world turns out its lights and darkness descends on the people. Some people yearn for the carefree life that is the vampire. A vampire is law unto himself. And most importantly, what people believe to be evil becomes their vampire. But to people who lived long ago, vampires were minions of the Devil, evil incarnate, monsters capable of turning others from the path of righteousness and God to the Devil and darkness. The key aspect of the vampire is death. They can be killed and yet still are thought of as immortal. People will never truly understand all there is about the vampire world. The understanding of the historical vampire, the evidence that disproved them and the real vampires of the modern world are all part of the vampire phenomenon."
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Everyday Life of Clergy in Moldavia, 2002.
This paper examines the everyday life of Clergy in Moldavia and Wallachia during the 17th century. It examines how they managed to live together in peace despite the wars raging around them.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the everyday life of the clergy from Danubian Principalities in the 17th century. Followers of different religions like Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants were dwelling within a narrow area and had to find the means to live together as peacefully as possible. At the same time, they had to obey to the stern rules that were issued by the ecclesiastical authorities.Therefore very often they had to comply with the local customs and to borrow from the other faiths in order to be accepted by the local community.The paper provides some answers about how the priests managed to cope with this situation.
From the Paper
The paper focuses on the way the Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant clergy led their lives and interacted among them in Moldavia and Wallachia. The essay covers especially first half of the 17th century although the data should be understood as an approximate signpost of an historical small-scaled research than as fixed boundary. Little study on this topic and area is available in Romanian or Hungarian and particularly in English. Thus research for the paper was conducted by using only the published Franciscan reports on the area as primary sources.
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Ottoman Policy in 1565/1566, 2001.
Insight into the Ottoman policy in 1565/1566 as reflected in "The Book of Important Affairs" (m?himme defterleri) from the Ottoman chancelary
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with the Ottoman domestic and foreign policy during the last year of life of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent.The paper uses primary sources published in Turkey and attempts to answer to different research questions and explain certain political choices of the Ottomans. The methods employed for achieving these outcomes, are the quantitative and statistic methods based on visual outputs and research on the sources.
From the Paper
"The essay deals with the Ottoman state policy in 973 H. (1565/1566 d. Hr.) as revealed by the orders (hukum) and imperial letters (name-i h?mayun) from M?himme Defterleri (The Book of Important Affairs). These books started to be edited by the Ministers Council Archives in Ankara in 1994. The book used for year 1565/1566 is the fifth one (Bes Numerali M?himme Defterleri) and has 505 pages consisting in a foreword (?ns?z), preface (sunus), abreviations (kisaltmalar), the table of contents (I?indekiler), the summary of the orders (hukumlerin ozetleri), the index and map of Rumeli. The method used was to establish a database with all the imperial orders and letters found in the book and to compare and interpret them within empire, regions, addressants, stressing the ones concerning pricipalities of Moldavia, Transylvania and Valachia. As in the book there were 27 provinces to which the sultan addressed in this period, it was necessary to divide the provinces into main regions on a geographical and political basis for a better comparison and interpretation. Thus the following regions came into being: Asia Minor, Europe, Mediterana and Orient."
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Interpreting Lika and Krbava 1712 Census, 2002.
This paper analyzes the Lika and Krbava (areas in Croatia) 1712 Census. It looks at family structures, ethnicity and religion interpreted from this census.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the family structures, ethnicity and religion in the regions of Lika and Krbava based on the census from 1712. This area, which today belongs to Croatia, was of extreme importance as it was on the triple border (triplex confinium) of the three mighty powers:Ottomans, Austrians and Venetians.Therefore the paper aims to reconstruct and explain by statistic and quantitative methods of the epoch.
From the Paper
"A historical reality of Lika and Krbava regions, which belonged to the Triplex Confinium area, where the three very strong powers (the Republic of Venice, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire) met was an exceptionally complex one. The area was conquered by the Ottomans in 1527 and during the following one and a half centuries most of the inhabitants were Muslims and Vlachs, who were concentrated in strong fortresses constructed for defense in the case of attacks of the Habsburg Empire and the Republic of Venice. However, soon after the disastrous Ottoman attempted siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburg troops conquered several Ottoman fortresses. Consequently, in 1689, the last Ottoman fortresses in the Lika region gave up and their inhabitants left for Bosnia. During these battles, most of the population left the Lika region. Most of the Muslim population fled to the remaining Ottoman territories. The same happened with the Vlach population. They left their homes and inhabited partly the Habsburg territories and partly Venetian territories. In a meantime, during the battles, the Habsburg regular troops were being supported by the irregular ones, which also contributed to the formation of a very various ethnic/religious picture of the region. One of the irregular troops was Bunjevci of the Habsburg border regions who entered the Lika region and helped in its reconquest. Therefore, after 1683 the region was re-conquered and resettled in a somewhat irregular and unplanned manner. Having in mind that some Muslims chose to stay in the region but converted to Christianity after the withdrawal of the Ottoman troops (New Christians or Neochristians), the ethnic/religious map of the area became even more complex."
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