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Economic Transition In China And Russia, 1999.
Examines and compares economic and political liberalization in nations once purely communistic.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 6 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Both Russia and China have experienced radical economic, social and political change in recent years, characterized by a previously nonexistent warming in attitude toward the philosophies of capitalism and democracy in each country. At one point Russia and China's institutions were fully based on communistic principles.
From the Paper
"Introduction:
Both Russia and China have experienced radical economic, social and political change in recent years, characterized by a previously nonexistent warming in attitude toward the philosophies of capitalism and democracy in each country. At one point Russia and China's institutions were fully based on communistic principles. The difference between absolute communism and absolute capitalism, though vast and varied in consequence, really boils down to property rights.
Quite simply, the privileges of ownership are accompanied by the powers to set prices, form incentives and determine resource allocation (Carson, part 1, 168). Both countries have now evolved into more market-based systems. In some respects their paths have run parallel. In others, the course has been ..."
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Immigration and Human Rights, 1999.
Examines the relationship in a global context, legal, ethical and religious issues, politics, anti-immigrant bias and abuse, the situation in the U.S., examples, refugees and asylum-seekers.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Immigration has been on the American national agenda for some time, with many complaining that immigration is out of hand and that limitations on immigration are needed. One issue is whether too many people are coming from certain regions of the world, or whether those who are coming are sufficiently prepared to take their place in the American economic system.
From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Immigration has been on the American national agenda for some time, with many complaining that immigration is out of hand and that limitations on immigration are needed. One issue is whether too many people are coming from certain regions of the world, or whether those who are coming are sufficiently prepared to take their place in the American economic system. Internationally, the immigration picture is even more difficult, with many immigrants moving from one place to another to escape war, persecution, and economic devastation. Immigration is usually treated as a political issue, certainly a domestic political issue for the country receiving large numbers of refugees or immigrants, but also as an international political issue because it affects how contiguous countries behave toward one another. Immigration ..."
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Fall Of The Russian Ruble, 1999.
Causes of the devaluation of the currency, banking, politics and the weakness of the government's response.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The causes of the devaluation of the ruble as a world currency are myriad, many of them deriving from incidents that happened on or around October 11, 1994, known in International Monetary Fund circles as "Black Tuesday." On that day, the ruble lost almost 25% of its value, closing at 3.926 to the dollar, its lowest value ever.
From the Paper
"INTERNATIONAL BANKING AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES IN RUSSIA
The causes of the devaluation of the ruble as a world currency are myriad, many of them deriving from incidents that happened on or around October 11, 1994, known in International Monetary Fund circles as "Black Tuesday." On that day, the ruble lost almost 25% of its value, closing at 3.926 to the dollar, its lowest value ever. Only two days later, it recovered, climbing 20% to 2.994 to the dollar. However, the political backlash lingered long after the one-day ruble shock. The causes behind the crisis are also of far more concern than the event itself (Rose, 1998, 11).
One of the central causes of the crisis was politicking in the bureaucracy. The tight (for Russia) fiscal and monetary policies which had successfully brought inflation down to ..."
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Crises In Russia In 1998, 1999.
Examines the major political shake-ups, Yeltsin's appointments and struggle with State Duma, the economic crisis and the U.S. policy.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
"Critics of the transformation of Russia point to a number of current problems they attribute to capitalism, such as rampant organized crime, official corruption, inability to pay members of the armed forces, a high unemployment rate, and high prices for certain goods.
From the Paper
"Critics of the transformation of Russia point to a number of current problems they attribute to capitalism, such as rampant organized crime, official corruption, inability to pay members of the armed forces, a high unemployment rate, and high prices for certain goods. Many of these problems might have developed in any case. At the same time, in spite of these problems, it would seem that the move to a capitalist economy is not likely to change unless the masses become even more disenchanted with the system than they are now. The communists tried to appeal to voter discontent in the recent election and failed. The people may decry aspects of the new market economy, but they are still dedicated both to reform and to stability. Continuing down the road to reform is seen as a way of maintaining stability, and any change in direction is seen as dangerous. Capitalism in some form ..."
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The Russian Economic Crisis Of the 1990s, 1999.
Examines causes, domestic & global effects, threat of debt default, politics, reform, trade, foreign investment, ruble, banking, hedge funds.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 13 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The possible default of Russia on her debt has precipitated a crisis around the world, and coming at the same time as the Asian crisis, this may be a devastating second-tier of financial woe with effects far from Moscow.
From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
The possible default of Russia on her debt has precipitated a crisis around the world, and coming at the same time as the Asian crisis, this may be a devastating second-tier of financial woe with effects far from Moscow. The Russian crisis has already affected investment in certain hedge funds and has frightened a number of analysts who realize what more could happen if the crisis is not resolved. Many Americans see Russia as far away and not related to American interests since the downfall of the Soviet threat, but this is not the case. The Russian crisis has already had an effect on the American economy and may have an even greater one. This may or may not be an argument for bailing Russia out, but it is certainly cause for some concern."
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Change In Europe: 200-800 A.D., 1999.
An overview of developments in politics, economics, religion, culture and world views; with a focus on the Roman Empire and Christianity.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the driving force of change in Europe from 200 to 800 AD. The main emphasis of this paper will be that change was the most significant force in Europe during this time period, rather than continuity.
From the Paper
"Change in Europe: 200 to 800 AD
This paper will discuss the driving force of change in Europe from 200 to 800 AD. The main emphasis of this paper will be that change was the most significant force in Europe during this time period, rather than continuity.
In 200 AD, the Roman Empire had reached its zenith in terms of geographical area. In the south, Roman influence and control extended to the southern regions of what is now Algeria. In the east, the garrison town at Dura-Europos overlooked the Euphrates River. And in the north, the Roman army had established an outpost in Scotland. These outlying points marked the vague boundaries of the Empire, and the furthest reaches of Roman culture. Roman culture and society defined the world within these boundaries (Brown 11-12)."
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Civil War In Former Yugoslavia, 1999.
Examines the economic, political, cultural, religious, ethnic and psycho-emotional roots of conflict among Serbs, Croations and Muslims. Discusses the history, leadership, issues and negotiations.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Reports from the former Yugoslavia of civil war, the siege of cities such as Vukovar and Sarajevo, and such atrocities such as ethnic cleansing - another euphemism for genocide - and camps where women are kept with the sole purpose of being raped by their captors, have been recurrent items in the news media.
From the Paper
"Reports from the former Yugoslavia of civil war, the siege of cities such as Vukovar and Sarajevo, and such atrocities such as ethnic cleansing - another euphemism for genocide - and camps where women are kept with the sole purpose of being raped by their captors, have been recurrent items in the news media. The media have offered little insight, however, into the intricacy of the conflict. The inherent complexity of the situation has been increased by the poorly defined conception of the three parties involved regarding their motives. The Serbs, the Croatians and the Muslims have each been portrayed as both the aggressors and the victims of the conflict.
The actions of these three parties have been commonly understood, if not accepted, as the manifestation of centuries-old ethnic tensions exacerbated by, and allowed undisciplined ..."
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Sergei Eisenstein's Film Theory, 1999.
Examines the Russian director's changing views on role of montage and the emotional response of the viewer.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This paper is an examination of the theoretical shift which Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein made in his epistemology of film. Eisenstein focused specifically on the essential importance of montage in the syntax of art, eventually changing his views on the role and purpose that montage plays in the creation and perception of a work of art. In his earlier writings, he sees montage, the ways in which images and other elements are combined by the artist and presented to the audience, as a conflict which should be designed to provoke specific thoughts. In his later writings, he began to view montage's purpose as a means of producing harmony and emotional response, beyond the specifically political. An epistemology is concerned with a way of knowing, and Eisenstein's theories of the way in which film allows the viewer to know changed from ..."
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Geneva Conference Of 1955, 1999.
Examines the meeting between Western powers and the Soviet Union to deal with Cold War issues. Discusses objectives, differences, leadership and outcome.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 11 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"THE GENEVA CONFERENCE OF 1955 MOTIVATIONS, OUTCOMES, & IMPLICATIONS
Introduction
This research examines the Geneva Conference of 1955. Addressed in this examinations are (1) the motivations for the meeting, (2) the participants in the conference, (3) the issues dealt with by the participants while at the conference, (4) the outcomes of the conference, (5) the future impact of the conference outcomes, and (6) a concluding assessment of the success of the conference. The Geneva Summit Conference was the direct outgrowth of the foreign ministers conference that had been held earlier. As the foreign ministers conference was so essential to the summit meeting, and as the foreign ministers conference itself produced a major successful outcome in the form ..."
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Vsevolod Meyerhold, 1999.
Discusses the life, career, theories and politics of this early 20th Century Russian theatrical innovator.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the life and work of Vsevolod Meyerhold. The plan of the research will be to set forth a general outline of Meyerhold's position as a master of twentieth-century Russian theatre, and then to discuss the milestones of his creative path, with a view toward clarifying why one acknowledged as a refined aesthete and sophisticated artist should have accepted and indeed glorified the Bolshevik Revolution.
The role of V.E. Meyerhold in helping to refine modern stage theory and praxis is widely acknowledged. Indeed, from the earliest phases of his career, Meyerhold appears to have been a self-conscious innovator whose theory of the stage encompassed dramatic forms and dramaturgy responsive to and metaphorically representative of dimensions of reality that could compress the ..."
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Stalin's USSR & Preference Falsification, 1999.
Analyzes Stalin's rule, politics, economics, indoctrination & manipulation of perceptions through a system of terror & rewards.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"PREFERENCE FALSIFICATION IN THE USSR DURING THE STALINIST ERA
Introduction
This research examines the practice and implications of preference falsification in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the era of the rule of Joseph Stalin. The research questions investigated are as follows:
1. Was the practice of preference falsification widespread in the USSR during the Stalinist era?
2. Did the practice of preference falsification in the USSR during the Stalinist era represent a rational choice on the part of those individuals who engaged in such behavior?
3. Was the widespread practice of preference falsification in the USSR during the Stalinist era responsible for the inefficiency of the economy of the country during that.."
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Republic of Russia, 1999.
Examines economics & politics after Soviet break-up. Looks at its resources, fiscal policy, industry & investment and taxes.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
With the breakup of the Soviet Union, there has been considerable interest in the future of the Russian Republic. Composed of the greater part of the Soviet Union, and headed by an embattled Boris Yeltsin, this republic has received the bulk of the world's attention and assistance as the former Soviet republics try to build new economies. Much has been made of the Russian republic's attempts at capitalism, which has been accompanied by a significant increase in the level of organized crime and by an increase not only of middle class citizens, but also of those who fall below the poverty line. This research examines the current state of economic development in Russia and considers the nation's future direction.
Gross Domestic Product and the New Independent States
The stress of moving.."
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Russia's Era of Great Reforms, 1999.
Examines 1860s, freeing of serfs, liberalization, roles of people & govt., land policy, class conflict and education.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
" The decade of the 1860s is considered the Era of Great Reforms in Russia, its beginning marked by the emancipation of the serfs. As Freeze writes, the era was as important to the eighteenth century as the reforms of Peter the Great in the seventeenth and the revolution of the early twentieth (Freeze 101). The sources generally agree that forces leading to reform include Western influences and the "public disgust with an often arbitrary, inefficient, and corrupt bureaucracy," but the shocking defeat of Russia in the Crimean War was the major cause, for it "persuaded Alexander II . . . that without basic internal change the Russian Empire could not hope to maintain its hard-won position as a major world power" (Cracraft 313).
The reforms which followed the liberation of the serfs in 1861 included.."
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"The Ship of Widows" by I Grekova, 1999.
Reviews novel about suffering of five women during WWII in Russia.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This study will compare and contrast Karolina Pavlova's At the Tea-Table and Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons. The study will focus on the conflicts in the two works involving characters who live according to what might loosely be called feminine or masculine principles. In addition, the contradictions in the definitions of these principles will be explored.
For example, in Turgenev, the feminine principle is held by Nikolai, who values art, romantic love, and religion. The masculine principle is held by Bazarov, who values materialism, science, nihilism and violent revolution, while disdaining the values of the feminine principle. In Pavlova, on the other hand, the masculine principle is held most significantly by the Princess who embodies a love for art, literature and philosophy, and a tendency toward domination, especially in her relationship.."
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Industrialization & Reform in Russia, 1999.
Compares eras of 1860s (reform) & 1900s (modernization). Areas examined are the origins of the unrest, the government's response, economics, politics, freeing of serfs and class conflict.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
" Russia in the early twentieth century faced great turbulence as it continued its industrialization process and struggled with both revolution and war. As Freeze writes, industrialization in the opening years of this century brought a tremendous growth to the cities of the nation:
The accelerated pace of urbanization and industrialization in post-reform Russia had a profound impact upon urban society--its size, structure, power and group cohesion. . . . Despite legal, economic and public health barriers, large numbers poured each year into the city in search of food or fortune (Freeze 248).
Just as the reforms of the 1860s were instituted by Alexander II in response to fears that the nation would otherwise.."
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Land Use in Russia, 1999.
History & evolution of government land policy from 1918 to 1998. Looking at objectives, impact, politics, collectivization and reform.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" In 1926, one of Josef Stalin's favorite writers, Vladimir Zazubrin, wrote what would be the attitude governing land use for much of the history of the Soviet Union:
Let the fragile green breast of Siberia be dressed in the cement armor of cities, armed with the stone muzzles of factory chimneys, and girded with the iron belts of railroads. Let the taiga be burned and felled; let the steppes be trampled. Only in cement and iron can the fraternal union of all peoples, the iron brotherhood of man, be forged (cited by Pearce, 1994, 36).
Russia at the time of the Revolution was a huge but economically backward country, and the new Communist regime sought ways to expand the economy and to do so as quickly as possible. Land use for this regime meant exploiting resources as fully and quickly.."
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European Monetary System, 1999.
Analyzes progress of European Community toward monetary union, role of Treaty of Maastricht and possible effect on U.S. dollar.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"THE COMING OF THE EURO & ITS POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE US$
Background on the Issue
European monetary union has been envisioned since the founding of the European Community (EC). The creation of the European Monetary System (EMS) represented a major step toward eventual monetary union. It was not until the ratification of the Treaty of Maastricht, however, that specific criteria for full participation by an EC member nation in EMU were adopted (?From Here to EMU,? 1995).
Monetary union is a component of the regional integration of nations. The fourth level of such integration is economic union, which includes the adding of monetary and fiscal harmonization among member countries to the common market system. The final level of regional integration, political .."
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Secret Police in Communist Eastern Europe, 1999.
Examines power & effectiveness in controlling dissent in Soviet-era East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia & Hungary.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 14 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
" POWERS OF THE SECRET POLICE IN COMMUNIST EAST CENTRAL EUROPE
This research paper discusses the powers of the secret police in the communist-controlled nations of East Central Europe--East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary--and their role in controlling the populations of these countries during the Cold War.
Introduction
In his speech of March 4, 1946 in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill said the following:
From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line all the capitals of the ancient States of Central and Eastern Europe -East Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia. All these famous cities and.."
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