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Agricultural Development Of USSR, 1973.
This paper reviews the agricultural development of the USSR up to 1970, plans and collective farms. Statistics.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"As might be expected in a country as vast as the USSR, there is an abundance of almost all natural resources. Almost the only commodities which the environment of the Soviet Union does not provide for itself are those of tropical agriculture, such as natural rubber, cacao and coffee. It is above all in minerals that the country is exceedingly wealthy.
But the prime resource of any country is land, and the USSR has one-seventh of the world's land surface. Not all the land, however, is of great value. Extensive areas are tundra, desert, or mountainous, where climate or relief make agriculture impossible and even settlement difficult. The arable land of the USSR is largely confined to the three natural zones of steppe, forest steppe, and mixed forest. Outside these zones there are only very limited, although important, areas of arable land in ... "
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Emancipation of the Serfs in Russia, 1972.
This paper discusses the reasons, plans, results and problems of the emancipation of the serfs in Russia.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
""I drink this toast with particular pleasure. No others are needed, for in reality we owe the Emancipation to the Emperor alone."Count Leo Tolstoy.
The Emancipation of the serfs in Russia was instigated by the Tsar himself and supported by a narrow coterie of liberal intellectuals who considered serfdom a moral evil. The Tsar's opposition to serfdom originated in moral indignation against what he considered a "centuries old injustice.". It did not arise from pressure on the part of the nobility nor as a result of agitation on the part of the peasants themselves.
More importantly, it did not result from any sort, however limited or simplistic, of analysis of the economic problems of ... "
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The Destruction of a Country, 2002.
A research paper on the war in Bosnia which began in 1992.
1,246 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
A paper which traces the causes, course and results of the Bosnian war which destroyed this once peaceful country. The paper shows how, from a mosaic country made up of every religion and ethnic group, Bosnia became divided by racial hatred and led to a genocide not seen in the world since World War II. The paper examines the concentration camps, the Serbian atrocities and the way in which the international community became involved.
From the Paper
"Now, almost a decade after the brunt of the fighting has ceased, the country still remains in shambles. The war devastated the entire country to the point that no restoration is apparent. My friend, Sanela, has returned to her country once since she fled here to the Unites States. ?The whole country is demolished. I would say over 90 percent of the entire country has been completely destroyed by the war.?
Looking back on this war as part of a research paper, it is horrifying to try to imagine what it must have been like to actually have been there. I accidentally stumbled upon Sanela?s past; she has never talked to anyone about this except what is left of her family. I am thankful that she has shared her story with me and shed light on this subject that I knew absolutely nothing about. I am more thankful today for my friends and family and everything I have. Once you have become close to someone who has lost everything, you begin to realize how petty your problems really are."
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Turkey's Bid for EU Membership, 2002.
Examined whether Ankara can change its domestic and foreign policy sufficiently to satisfy the European Union.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization - Turkey must pursue political and economic reforms; address human rights issues; improve its relationship with Greece; support UN mediation efforts in Cyprus and finally Turkey must not object to Cyprus? EU membership.
From the Paper
"Turkey spans two continents. It wants to play a role in the affairs of both. Turkey is active in affairs of the Middle East, the Turkish-speaking former Soviet Republics such as Turkministan, and in European political, security, and economic organizations. Turkey is a member of every European organization except the European Union. It plays an active role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which protected western Europe against Soviet aggression. Turkey has wanted to join the European Union for a long time. The EU has rebuffed it for many reasons including Turkey;s political structure, human rights abuses, and having a weak economy. But Turkey feels like the real reason that they have not been accepted is that they are a Muslim nation. This paper will examine the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization."
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Sorrow in Bosnia, 2001.
A review of the book, "Sarajevo Blues" by Semezdin Mehmedinovic, illustrating an insider's view of the Bosnian war.
1,562 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a historical background of the war in Bosnia. The book, "Sarajevo Blues" by Semezdin Mehmedinovic is discussed in order to illustrate a personal account of the day to day existence in Sarajevo, during the Bosnian war. The factors that tore Bosnia apart and rendered it helpless to the conflicts raging within, are outlined in the paper.
From the Paper
"The war started in April 1992, when Yugoslavia was dissolved because the former leader, Tito, had passed away. This resulted in a vying for power between the three ethnicities in Bosnia. The Muslims and Croats favored independence for Bosnia while most of the Serbs did not. However, the votes were over 63% in favor of independence and since this meets the standard for recognition by the US and the EU, Bosnia was recognized as an independent country in April 1992."
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The Kosovo Conflict: Military Intervention and Humanitarian Crisis, 2002.
A paper which studies the structure and dynamics of the Kosovo Conflict and the humanitarian crisis management by the international community.
7,694 words (approx. 30.8 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Kosovo conflict, its escalation in 1998 and its subsequent management. It is divided in four parts. First, it deals with the accusations of human rights violations within the province and presents diverse evidence from various human rights groups on the existence of such abuses. Second, it examines the Serbian response to these allegations and the reasons behind Milosevic's unwillingness to rectify the worsening situation. Third, it presents an evaluation of the need for intervention with regard to International Law and previous humanitarian practice. Fourth, it analyzes the diplomatic and military actions taken by the International Community.
Table of Contents:
Introduction.
The Human Rights Situation in Kosovo:
History of Albanian Mistreatment.
Allegations of Human Rights Violations.
The Serbian Response to Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
An Evaluation of the Need for Intervention with Regard to International Humanitarian Law
An Examination of the Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
On the Legality of Military Intervention.
International Action
International Humanitarian Action in Perspective: The Failure of Diplomacy and the NATO Bombing Campaign
Belated Recommendations: Was there an Alternative?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Bosnia and the Kosovo conflicts marked the biggest outbreaks of violence in Europe after the end of the Second World War. The instable political environment in federal Yugoslavia after the fall of communism, brought about the emergence of salient ethnic issues, which led to the deaths of tens of thousands of people. The focus of this paper is the Kosovo conflict, the human rights violations that led to its escalation, and the international response that followed. Even though the situation in Serbia has changed and democratic parties are in power, the Kosovo question is still far from being resolved due to the mutual hatred of Serbs and Albanians. Moreover, the downturn of the Kosovo crisis gave credibility to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as a political player, which has further exacerbated the situation not only in Kosovo, but also in neighboring Montenegro and Macedonia."
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Enlargement of the European Union, 2002.
A discussion of the criteria for new countries attempting to enter the European Union and the effects of enlargement.
2,702 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight to the European Union. It begins with a brief history from the Treaty of Paris in 1951 with 6 countries until the current 15 member countries. It examines the effect of enlargement such as the political, economical, and cultural benefits and shows how adding the prospective countries would instill a greater sense of safety and peace. It looks at the 13 countries who are currently being examined to enter the European Union, the necessary economic and political conditions that must be met and the extent to which each individual country meets them.
From the Paper
"After having gone through two major world wars, Europe was ready for a settlement. This basic idea was the start of the need for a unification of the European countries, since this unification would be the key to finally keeping peace. In 1946, Churchill called for a ?United States of Europe? that would have control over the production of coal and steel, two German resources that were known as being instrumental catalysts of war. The allied countries after the war felt that if Germany continued to have complete control over these resources, a future outbreak of war could be possible. As a result of this the six countries, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, became the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community by signing the Treaty of Paris in 1951."
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"Out of this Furnace" by Thomas Bell and " How The Other Half Lives" by Jacob Riis, 2000.
A comparison of the depictions of Jewish immigrants and Slovaks, with a brief consideration of Lithuanians in Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle."
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Thomas Bell, in his novel Out of This Furnace, deals with three generations of Slovaks and their experience in the United States, and Jacob A. Riis, in his photojournalistic How the Other Half Lives, covers the experiences of immigrants of a number of different nationalities and ethnicities at the turn of the century. This study will focus on the experiences of Jewish immigrants as depicted in Riis, comparing those to the experiences of the Slovaks in Bell's novel. Despite some important differences among the experiences of the Jews and the Slovaks, and the specific years examined, the studies are far more alike than different in their overall portraits of the suffering and exploitation of those immigrant groups in the era in which the industrial revolution exploded. The study will also briefly consider Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle, in which..."
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Russian and U.S. Economies, 2000.
A description and comparison of the health of national economies, as of April, 1999.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Since the mid-1980s, the economic system in the former Soviet Union has ostensibly moved toward a more open and capitalistic system. The implementation of capitalism has met with varying degrees of success in the various states which have emerged from the former Soviet Union. In Russia, the once centrally planned economy gave way to markets which were much more open, but the results of those open markets was decidedly mixed. As the Russian economy has encountered problems in recent years, there have been calls for a return to an economic system which is more planned than that which currently exists. This research examines the economic systems of Russia and the United States as a new millenium begins.
The Economic Environment in Russia
In general, Russia..."
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War In the FormerYugoslavia, 2000.
An analysis of the historical, political, cultural and regional causes of war in late 1990s in Bosnia.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Yugoslavia was a nation under the Soviet sphere of influence, yet it was largely an artificial nation made up of entities that did not get along and that tried to divide up the region once the threat of Soviet force was removed.
From the Paper
"Yugoslavia was a nation under the Soviet sphere of influence, yet it was largely an artificial nation made up of entities that did not get along and that tried to divide up the region once the threat of Soviet force was removed. The current ethnic conflict in what was formerly Yugoslavia has roots that extend far back into history. The ethnic groups in the region have long been divided by cultural differences, religion, and language. Efforts to unify the region failed until after World War I, when the impetus to come together increased for economic and security reasons. Yet, the state that emerged was always tenuous because the union did not satisfy the needs of all the groups equally. The former Yugoslavia is perhaps the most unstable of all the former Soviet satellite states, and even though the direct attack on Kosovo was stopped by U.N. forces..."
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Ottoman Empire And Balkan Conflicts, 2000.
An examination of the history, development, conquests, contributions and decline of the Empire and its relevance to ethnic and territorial conflicts in late 20th century politics, economics, extreme nationalism and leadership.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 22 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines the relevance of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans to contemporary current conflicts and tensions in that region. Because of the nature and long duration of Ottoman rule in the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire left deep and longlasting effects on the nations which today make up the Balkan peninsula
From the Paper
"Ottoman Empire And Currebt Balkan Conflicts
This research paper examines the relevance of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans to contemporary current conflicts and tensions in that region. Because of the nature and long duration of Ottoman rule in the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire left deep and longlasting effects on the nations which today make up the Balkan peninsula. In some respects and especially during the first several centuries of Ottoman rule, its legacy was conducive to the maintenance of order, prosperity and ethnic and religious toleration. However, certain facets of Ottoman policy and practice, which intensified as its Empire declined and its hold over the Balkans weakened, also contributed to the stunting of the area's political, economic and intellectual growth, and the development and the exacerbation of deep-seated ethno-religious..."
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U.S. Involvement in Bosnia in the 1990s, 2000.
An examination of the evolution of American diplomatic, political and military action, strategies, alliances and role of Presidents.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This research paper traces the evolution of American involvement in and international strategy toward Bosnia during the period beginning with the outbreak of war among indigenous forces there in early 1992 and continuing to the present time
From the Paper
"U.S. Involvement in Bosnia During the 1990s
This research paper traces the evolution of American involvement in and international strategy toward Bosnia during the period beginning with the outbreak of war among indigenous forces there in early 1992 and continuing to the present time.
Outline
1. 1991-1992. The United States failed to develop an effective international strategy for coping with the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the war in Bosnia in large part because after the Cold War, its senior policy makers during the Bush administration did not view the United States as having any vital national interests involved in that conflict and, was therefore, determined to leave the diplomatic initiative for its..."
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Stalin and Economics, 2000.
An examination of the Soviet dictator's application of Marxist theory to economic planning, development, industrialization and politics.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
"Joseph Stalin was not a theorist. But he was a consummate politician and in the 1920s Marxist-Leninist theoretical grounding was a primary mode of legitimation for those who aspired to leadership of the Russian Communist Party.
From the Paper
"Joseph Stalin was not a theorist. But he was a consummate politician and in the 1920s Marxist-Leninist theoretical grounding was a primary mode of legitimation for those who aspired to leadership of the Russian Communist Party. Stalin was, therefore, always able to elucidate an appropriate theoretical pedigree for whatever he believed was the best course for the new nation or, not incidentally, for his own political ends. Stalin's first Five Year Plan -- adopted, modified, and approved between September 1928 and April 1929 -- was just such a course of action. Having achieved power Stalin's choice of the Five Year Plan was a radical departure from his previously stated intentions. But, like his other politically adroit changes of direction on economic policy, the Plan received in its turn the sanction of Marxist-Leninist thinking as interpreted or applied..."
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Slovenia: Politics, 1989-1998, 1999.
Discusses the political transformation of this republic once part of Yugoslavia. Examines its population, independence, organization, parties, leadership, elections and democracy.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the political transformation in Slovenia since the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia in 1991. Slovenia rapidly achieved independence and established a multiparty democracy
From the Paper
"POLITICAL CHANGES IN SLOVENIA SINCE 1989
Introduction
This research paper discusses the political transformation in Slovenia since the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia in 1991. Slovenia rapidly achieved independence and established a multiparty democracy. It was able to do so largely because of its economic strength and resources, its relative ethnic homogeneity and its distance from the major wars that have devastated the former Yugoslavia. Free and fair elections have been held. Its politics since the Cold War have been dominated by a left-of-center coalition of social democratic parties, but, recently, its coalition government has included center-right and rightist parties, following the resurgence of rightist sentiment in the mid-1990s. Although Slovenia has had ..."
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The Fall Of The Soviet Union, 1999.
Examines reasons for the 1991 Soviet collapse, communist ideology, global, economic, political and social challenges for successor states, nationalistic and ethnic ferment.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses various aspects of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, including the reasons why the communist system and ideology in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) failed, the legacy bequeathed by communism to the successor states which emerged, the political, economic and social challenges that arose in those states and how those states responded to those challenges.
A number of inter-related factors led to the disintegration of the Soviet system and empire, including the woeful inadequacy of the totalitarian police state, dogmatic communist ideology and centralized planned economy which evolved after the Russian Revolution of 1917
From the Paper
"SOVIET SUCCESSOR STATES
This research paper discusses various aspects of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, including the reasons why the communist system and ideology in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) failed, the legacy bequeathed by communism to the successor states which emerged, the political, economic and social challenges that arose in those states and how those states responded to those challenges.
A number of inter-related factors led to the disintegration of the Soviet system and empire, including the woeful inadequacy of the totalitarian police state, dogmatic communist ideology and centralized planned economy which evolved after the Russian Revolution of 1917 in preparing the Soviet Union to meet the requirements of the late 20th century, international developments ..."
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Jewish Migration To Romania, 1999.
A historical overview including language, Sephardim and Ashkenazi Jews, settlement and treatment.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 23.95
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Abstract
A historical overview including language, Sephardim and Ashkenazi Jews, settlement and treatment. Jews reportedly existed in the Central European region known as Romania in larger numbers as early as the first and second centuries.
From the Paper
"The historical origins of Jews in Romania cannot be pinpointed with any degree of accuracy. At present, Jews make up only a small fraction of Romania's minority population. However, Jews reportedly existed in the Central European region known as Romania in larger numbers as early as the first and second centuries.
Romania is situated in the southeast of Europe, resting on the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Beyond the Carpathia mountain range, which covers about one-third of the country, are extensive plains sustained by the Danube river and its tributaries. It was not until the mid-nineteenth century, almost two thousand years after its history began, that Romania became an almost unified and independent country. The intervening period was characterized by long periods of rule by various ..."
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History Of the Kosovo Crisis, 3rd Century B.C.-1999, 1999.
Examines its historical, cultural and political origins, potential for Balkan destabilization and a wider war, the parties involved, nationalism, leaders, issues, the break-up of Yugoslavia and settlement.
8,550 words (approx. 34.2 pages), 34 sources, $ 135.95
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"KOSOVO CRISIS OF 1998-1999 AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS
This research paper traces the origins and course of the current dispute in Kosovo and discusses its potential for destabilizing further the Balkans, including the possibility of a wider war in the region, and ways in which tensions there might be heightened or reduced.
The roots of the conflict in Kosovo lie deeply embedded in the histories of the Albanian and Serbian peoples, especially during the occupation of the region by the Ottoman Empire, and tensions and conflicts between them, primarily of an ethno-religious nature, which intensified at periodic intervals during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Those tensions and conflicts have been greatly accentuated by the rise of Serbian ultranationalism after the collapse of communist Yugoslavia and ..."
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"The Radical Worker In Tsarist Russia" ( Ivanovich Kanatchikov ), 1999.
Reviews the autobiography of a peasant's political radicalization in early the 20th Century.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"THE WORKER AS RADICAL
In the autobiography of Ivanovich Kanatchikov, A Radical Worker in Tsarist Russia, Kanatchikov is radicalized by his work experience. He lives at a time of major change as many of the peasant class who worked the farms were being transferred by circumstances and economic change to urban factories where the work was very different. The radicalization of this worker takes place as he moves from the rural to the urban region, from farm work to factory work, from a state of political apathy to a state of political concern, and from worker to radical.
Kanatchikov's early life is in the rural regions, and there is no indication that this was some sort of ideal life later changed by the harshness of the factories. The life of the peasant was no better and perhaps worse than that of the factory ..."
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