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Fraud: Tyco, 2007.
This paper examines the fraud fiasco at Tyco International Ltd.
2,139 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the 21st century saw the frauds committed by executives of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. The writer points out that these frauds concern not a pitiful few thousand dollars in change but the betrayal of public trust, amounting to theft of billions of dollars over a period of several years. This paper focuses on the Tyco fiasco and examines it in detail. The writer discusses the actions of the three Tyco executives concerned and maintains that their downfall is their own doing and that they will spend most of their twilight years in prison with history books judging them as thieves and con artists of the grandest scale. The writer then concludes that these same individuals have ultimately contributed to the betterment of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and fiscal responsibility because better and stricter regulations have been implemented to prevent re-occurrence of their actions not only at Tyco but other corporations as well.
Outline:
The Reckoning
Perpetrators and Discoveries
How Could It Have Been Detected Earlier
The Red Flags
Lack of Controls?
End Game
From the Paper
"In the contemporary setting, the men whom the gods wish to destroy are the icons of American industry that supposedly brought myriad riches to the coffers of various American corporations. But these industry and finance magnates forgot they are mere mortal, men of flesh and blood whose mortality is guaranteed. Yet for the power given to them, they felt they are demi-gods or gods themselves that could rule and conquer the corporations they supposedly lead. The beginning of the century saw the downfall of these gods of American corporations and the gods indeed deprived them of their senses - that of the sense of propriety, decency and humanity. Hence, the 21st century saw the frauds committed by executives of Enron, WorldCom and Tyco."
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Family Limited Partnerships, 2006.
A discussion regarding the pitfalls and usefulness of the transfer of assets to a family limited partnership.
4,543 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine when a family limited partnership is appropriate. The paper analyzes the pertinent laws, including an examination of the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, case law and other rulings and matters that are relevant to a family limited partnership in general and tax planning in particular, to provide a comprehensive survey of the taxability of this business form. The paper concludes with a summary of the research and salient findings.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Beyond the foregoing considerations involving the selection of appropriate structures, funding mechanisms and the tax advantages of using family limited partnerships as a business form, Crayne (2001) emphasizes that the implications of the personal use of partnership property by one or more partners for income tax purposes remains uncertain. In the corporate context, the preponderance of the precedential law to date suggests that the personal use of corporate-owned property may result in deemed income or dividends to certain shareholders; however, the authoritative guidance on the income tax implications of the personal use of corporate-owned property may not be completely relevant to the personal use of partnership-owned property because, under state law, all partners in the family limited partnership have an equal right to use all partnership property (Crayne, 2001)."
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The Specialty Coffee Market, 2007.
This paper explores current and future economic dynamics in the specialty coffee market.
1,453 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the economic fundamentals of the law of supply and demand as well as of perfect competition to explore current and future economic dynamics in the specialty coffee market. The paper relates that demand for specialty coffees has experienced growth for some time, but suppliers are not receiving the expected increase in price because there is excess supply. The paper discusses how suppliers are turning to fair trade market agreements to get a better price, but points out that ultimately, production will have to adjust to the market realities of perfect competition where there would be production cutbacks and/or market exits.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Theory
Demand in the Specialty Coffee Market
Supply in the Specialty Coffee Market
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The laws of supply and demand are the most important determinant of market structures (Economics basics: demand and supply). The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good and vice versa. The law of supply states that when the price of a good rises, holding other factors constant, producers will be willing to supply more of the product. Price, therefore, is determined by supply and demand. Economic equilibrium refers to a point where a market for a product has attained the price where the amount supplied of a certain product equals the quantity demanded."
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Offshore Banking, 2007.
An analysis of offshore banking and its effect on taxation.
4,139 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The term "offshore banking" refers to the provision of financial services by banks and other agents to non-residents, a practice that has gained an increasing amount of notoriety in recent years. This paper provides a review of the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature to develop an overview of offshore banking and to identify regulations that have been implemented by U.S. and international agencies to reduce or eliminate the illegal activities and tax schemes that have been deployed by many Americans through the use of offshore banking. An analysis of how offshore banking has affected taxation in the United States is followed by a discussion of what can be done to monitor the activities of offshore banking. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
The Impact of Offshore Banking on Taxation
Controlling Legislation
Monitoring Offshore Banking Activities
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Offshore banking centers allow actors in the financial markets that are so inclined to use international capital in ways that are not lawful in the more regulated country of origin. Indeed, the absence of regulation is attractive to the money launderer because they are provided with secrecy, a tax haven and the ability to move capital with ease. The International Monetary Fund has identified more than a dozen major offshore centers, many of them in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and Europe (see Table 1 below); for instance, the Cayman Islands, with a total population of 30,000, hosts 550 banks (see Table 2 below), only 17 of which maintain a physical presence with the remainder conducting business primarily through telecommunications (Shelley, 1998). "
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The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 2007.
This paper evaluates the conceptual framework developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objectives of the FASB's conceptual framework are to identify the goals and purposes of financial reporting and their underlying fundamentals; however, it is more than two decades old and has fallen behind the times especially in the area of currency and scope. The author points out that, despite the best attempts by the FASB to provide frameworks and standards to regulate accounting practices, unethical management always seems to discover loopholes to make their accounting statements say whatever they want them to say. The paper states that principle-based standards help management work with auditors to exercise professional judgment in determining appropriate accounting; nonetheless, rules-based accounting does more to promote consistency and adherence to guidelines.
Table of Contents:
The Conceptual Framework Developed by the FASB
The Role and Ethical Considerations
Principles-Based Accounting vs. Rules-Based Accounting
From the Paper
"Some believe the solution for preventing unethical accounting conduct is to regulate as many accounting translations as possible. While closing loopholes should certainly be an objective of standards setting bodies such as FASB, unethical people will always find a new and better way to behave unethically if their corporate culture allows or encourages unethical behavior or if people behaving unethically simply believe they will not be punished for their conduct. Increasingly, accountants need to be trained in ethics in addition to improving financial skills."
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Foreign Tax Credit for Corporations, 2006.
An in-depth look at foreign tax credit for corporations under IRC section 901(b)(1).
15,488 words (approx. 62.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of foreign tax credit for corporations under IRC section 901(b)(1). The paper first explains foreign direct investment in order that we may understand the relevant issues. The paper then gets into the specifics regarding tax credits and issues where these foreign investment companies are concerned.
Outline:
Chapter One - Introduction
Chapter Two - Review of Case and Ruling Issues
Chapter Three - Methodology
Chapter Four - Case and Ruling Analysis
Chapter Five - Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first limitation that is important to note is that there is so little information about the case study subject in question - the foreign tax credit. While there is indeed some information, much of it comes from laws and rulings as opposed to studies and research articles. With that in mind it is important to note where the information that is being collected for the study of this issue is coming from. There is no reason not to use the information that is provided by others, but making sure that one is aware of where it comes from and what potential consequences that could have is of utmost importance when it comes to looking at the limitations that can be found in research. Making sure that the most accurate data available is used is significant and when something cannot be verified it should be pointed out in the study that it cannot be verified so that there is no further confusion as to whether that piece of information is legitimate or not for the study."
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Repatriating Funds, 2007.
This paper researches the repatriation of funds by a U.S. multinational corporation.
3,350 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the factors to consider when making the decision to repatriate funds from a foreign subsidiary, such as the direct/indirect U.S. and foreign tax rates, tax credits availability and the capacity to use repatriated funds. The paper discusses strategies to employ once the decision has been made to repatriate, including direct ownership to avoid taxes and borrowing from third parties. The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Repatriation Opportunities
Results of Repatriation of Funds
Issues Addressed By Multinational Corporations
Repatriation Concerns-CFO Research
Permitted Investments Under Section 965
Investments Not Permitted Under Section 965
Economic Growth Effects of Repatriation
Forecasted Growth By State
Rules Applicable to the Deduction
Sample Portfolio Strategies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Repatriation provides the U.S. companies an opportunity to move the foreign assets back to the U.S. without suffering tax consequences of any significant nature however, estimates are varied dependent on how much money that is represented. Estimates from the Joint Committee on Taxation has projected approximately $150 billion in repatriated income however the New-York based JP Morgan Chase has estimated the amount to be approximately $425 billion meaning that a gain from $8 billion to $22 billion in corporate income tax revenue would be gained by the U.S. Treasury."
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IT and the Compliance Industry, 2007.
This paper discusses that the U.S. political environment that has stimulated IT management to develop a compliance industry.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ultimate irony for the United States' passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and similar acts is that this type of legislation is fueling an entire IT industry that is called upon to deliver both compliance and business process improvement. The author points out that a service-oriented architecture (SOA) platform is the best practice for line-of-business managers, who want to get the most critical information to the sales, service and pricing managers, and still remain in compliance. The paper relates that the greatest motivator for the development of compliance programs and governance in IT management has not been top-line revenue growth but rather having an air-tight set of financial records when Sarbanes-Oxley auditors arrive to look over transactions
From the Paper
"Keeping in mind that the majority of IT professionals prefer to view their IT platforms from the context of layered model that has a strong focus on integration and pervasive layers of functionality, and the role of an all encompassing layer of analytics begins to take hold. This alone however does not completely negate the issue of the politicization and siloing of information. What analytics layers do however is force the issue of performance from just within one organization and shows the impacts (or lack thereof) of collaboration across the organization."
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Job Redesign, 2007.
The paper discusses the impact of job design and redesign for an accounting position.
1,713 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a case of an accounting department where the intrinsic motivation is low and job characteristics do not allow for self management or a sense of choice. The paper suggests that in order to improve the efficiency of the department, a redesign of the department's work should be ensured. The paper discusses the general aims of work redesign, the aim in this specific situation and the main theories of work redesign.
From the Paper
"The case of accounting jobs is characterized by a strong tendency to routine operations. Such jobs do not provide much variety, and much sense of independence. Moreover, feedback is missing very often. Accounting does not provide the job holder with the opportunity for independent thought or action or with a great variety at work. The tasks mentioned above are usually divided among the clerks in an accounting department; therefore they do not have the chance of doing the job from the beginning to the end."
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Buybacks and Dividends, 2007.
This paper discusses a stockholder's choice of dividends or stock buybacks.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that stock buy-backs and one-time special dividends have accounted for sixty-three percent of total dividends of companies in the United Kingdom since 2003. The writer notes that ordinary dividend growth has failed to keep pace with earnings growth in the United Kingdom as well as the rest of Europe. The writer discusses that while one would not expect this to be necessarily bad news for the investor, European companies have discovered that their buy-back and special dividend preferences in recent years have failed to boost companies' share prices. As a result, they are now turning back to increasing dividends as the preferred way to return capital to investors This paper discuses the advantages and disadvantages of stock buybacks and dividends so that stockholders can make more informed investment decisions.
Outline:
Introduction
Stock Buybacks
Stock Buyback Advantages
Stock Buyback Disadvantages
Dividends
Advantages of Dividends
Disadvantages of Dividends
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Stock buybacks improve a firm's financial ratio. Although a stock buyback reduces cash, return on assets increases because the cash component of assets on the balance sheet is reduced. Return on equity increases because there is less outstanding equity. The buyback also helps to improve the company's price-earnings ratio due to the reduction in outstanding share. All of these metrics, particularly the price-earnings ratio, are considered important metrics to judge investment in a company and their improved positions due to the stock buyback may lead to additional stock demand/appreciation. In addition, stock buybacks send a strong signal to the market that a firm's management believes the shares are undervalued."
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Inventory Management, 2007.
A discussion regarding business assets.
3,041 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the importance of inventory management within a business. According to the paper, the management of assets can make or break a business. The paper goes on to say that financial statements do not tell analysts all they want to know. The paper includes sample financial sheets and summary.
From the Paper
"Based on the summary of financial analyses presented above, we can say that ABC is a profitable and growing Company. Although there is a decreased of 0.17 or 4% in Current ratio, there is a positive and increase working capital of $10,000 and increase if 0.37 or 21%, in Quick Ratio. It means that on current liability of $1, the company has a current asset of $3.50 in 2006 and 3.67 in 2005 whereas $1 of current liability, it has "near cash" availability of $1.70 in 2006 and $1.33 in 2005. In both instances, this is a positive note signifying that it has the ability to pay its obligation in the near future. "
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Accounting, 2007.
A review of trial balances, reliability and petty cash funds.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview and description of some accounting practices. It discusses the basic set-up of a trial balance. It then looks into reliability, as a qualitative characteristic of financial statement reports. Finally the paper describes petty cash funds. The paper provides brief examples of a trial balance and a petty cash fund in order to explain how they operate.
Table of Contents:
Trial Balance
Reliability
Petty Cash Funds
From the Paper
"A trial balance is a list of a business entity's accounts with their ledger balances. The purpose of preparing a trial balance is to test the accuracy of the journalizing and posting process. The account titles are arranged according to the Assets, Liabilities, Owner's Equity, Revenue and Expenses and only accounts with balances appear in the trial balance. The accounts should be in their normal balances, Assets, Withdrawals and Expenses under the Debit side and Liabilities, Capital and Revenues under the Credit side. The total amount under the debit column should be equal with the total amount under the credit column. A difference would signify an error has occurred either in the journalizing or posting process."
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Online Securities Trading, 2007.
This paper discusses the issues associated with securities trading via the Internet.
1,865 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the combined effects of financial services companies striving to drop the cost of providing customer service and the significant rise in individual investors' interest in taking control of their own investments continues to increase the use of online securities trading. Further, the writer points out that many individual investors rely on the Internet as a means of learning as much as they can about specific investments before executing a stock or bond trade online, and this factor alone is changing the landscape of financial services. The writer discusses that financial services firms are walking a fine line between automating transactions by putting powerful investment tools in the hands of individual investors, while at the same time educating them of the financial benefits of long-term investing. The writer concludes that individual investors have more control over their funds than ever before, yet with that freedom comes a high level of responsibility to make sure the advice, applications and tools they gain access from financial services firms are in fact the best match with their investment needs.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Technological Implications of Online Trading
The Ethics of Enabling Online Trading
Online Trading as a Service Strategy: Inevitable?
Assessing Online Trading and the Individual Investor
Improvements for Online Trading as a Self-Service Strategy
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Financial Services firms are pursuing a wide variety of online services strategies to reduce the cost per transaction, and this cost reduction strategy is creating a series of Web-based applications that have rich functionality and features previously only brokers had available. The costs of having individual investors speak with investment representatives is significantly higher than having the question respond to or transaction completed online. As a result of the cost reduction benefits of these online strategies, financial services firms are adopting them for all segments of customers. This technological shift to online investment advice and transaction tools is being influenced by the major unmet needs of individual investors for expertly-written content on the one hand and greater control over their investments on the other. Financial services firms segment their customer bases by their net worth and projected lifetime customer value, and the lowest-value customers are routed to Web-enabled suites of applications and content portals. Those customers that have the potential of generating a higher lifetime value for the financial services firm, and as a result they are provided a higher level of service including a dedicated account representative. This segmented approach to delivering service is proving to be profitable for financial services firms."
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Xerox Accounting Fraud, 2007.
An analysis of the accounting fraud committed by the Xerox Corporation, and the consequences of this fraud.
1,586 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the accounting fraud committed by Xerox Corporation, which involved accounting irregularities in connivance with Xerox's auditing firm at that time, KPMG. The paper provides a background of Xerox Corporation and discusses the legal complaint filed against them in 2002. It describes the actions that were taken and the aftermath of the scandal.
From the Paper
"At present, Anne M. Mulcahy is the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Xerox Corporation. She was appointed as the company's CEO on August 1, 2001, and five months later, was eventually given the chairmanship on January 1, 2002. Before reaching the top helm of the corporation, Mulcahy was Xerox's "president and chief operating officer from May 2000 through July 2001. Prior to that, she was president of Xerox's General Markets Operations, which created and sold products for reseller, dealer and retail channels. She began her Xerox career as a field sales representative in 1976 and assumed increasingly responsible sales and senior management positions. From 1992-1995, Mulcahy was vice president for human resources, responsible for compensation, benefits, human resource strategy, labor relations, management development and employee training. (About Xerox, 2007)" In the more than 30 years Mulcahy worked for Xerox, she handled several other positions such as "chief staff officer in 1997, corporate senior vice president in 1998, vice president and staff officer for Customer Operations, covering South America and Central America, Europe, Asia and Africa. (About Xerox, 2007)" She is a graduate of the Marymount College, New York and earned a Bachelor of Arts in English/Journalism."
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The Making of an Accountant, 2007.
A discussion of the author's personal ambition to be an accountant.
794 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper is a personal exposition of the author's career ambition to be a certified public accountant. The author describes the growth of the accounting industry and the area in which he hopes to specialize. Also examined are the author's perceived weaknesses in his skill set for being an accountant and how he feel these deficiencies can be overcome. He also states his strengths and how these will be beneficial in his career. The author concludes that by overcoming his weaknesses and adding to his strengths, it is possible to gain all of the tools for successful public accounting.
From the Paper
"There are many different skills necessary to become a well rounded and successful public accountant. These skills include technical knowledge, attention to detail, and interpersonal communication. I have attempted to master all three of these skills through my daily life by consistently practicing and focusing on the importance of these three skills. By overcoming my weaknesses and adding to my strengths, I fully believe that I will soon gain all of the tools for successful public accounting."
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Conflict of Interest, 2007.
A discussion about conflict of interest in financial institutions, focusing on Qantas and Alinta.
2,067 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that conflicts of interest are of great concern in recent years and months, especially since the recent, highly-publicized buyouts involving Qantas and Alinta. The writer points out that in efforts to protect clients and mitigate risk in the financial sectors, conflicts in interest must be addressed suitably. The Qantas and Alinta buyouts have highlighted many of the worst issues pertaining to conflicts in interest in financial institutions. This paper seeks to review the existing literature concerning conflicts of interest, outlining the key terms and issues involved. It additionally covers the recent transactions and conflict of interest issues related to the Alinta MBO and Qantas Private Equity Deal. Finally, it turns to the views of the takeover panel, highlighting their views on conflicts of interest and, more specifically, their views on the Alinta MBO and Qantas private equity deal transactions.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis
Background & Definitions
Evaluation
The Alinta MBO and Qantas Private Equity Deal
Background & Discussion
Possible Conflicts
The Takeover Panel and Conflict of Interest
Summary
From the Paper
"Conflicts of interest often shock shareholders and the general public since they often blatantly ignore the basic requirements and duty expectations of those involved. For example, a bank that abuses a conflict of interest by recommending services that they know are not the best for a customer comes under public scrutiny for abusing the basic trust assumed in a banking relationship. A bank may suggest such services because they receive a higher interest rate or because they do not offer competitive services. This takes advantage of the lack of knowledge of the consumer, who often looks to the bank as a trusted consultant. Individuals and investors have come to assume some trust in banking and finance relationships, and most would agree that this is not an unreasonable assumption."
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Bankruptcy, 2007.
This paper looks at the Interstate Bakeries' choice of bankruptcy and analyzes different types of bankruptcy.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses the filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization by Interstate Bakeries, the maker of well-known food products such as Twinkies and Wonder Bread. The writer explains that although Interstate had several options at its disposal to reduce debt and generate cash, ultimately Chapter 11 bankruptcy allowed Interstate to address its debt and cost problems without having to mortgage the company's future through overly deep cuts or sell-offs. The writer then looks at different types of bankruptcy and discusses the alternatives that were available to Interstate. The writer concludes that by filing Chapter 11 bankruptcy, Interstate was able to get a handle on its costs, alleviate its debt, and emerge as a stronger and more stable operation.
Outline:
Types of Bankruptcy
Alternatives to Chapter 11: Pros and Cons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a Chapter 11 bankruptcy process, the court and a company's debtors will approve a reorganization plan that, among other things, determines how much various creditors get paid. There are two classes of competitors: secured and unsecured. The secured creditors, such as banks, get paid first; the unsecured creditors, such as vendors, may get only pennies on the dollar. Chapter 11 sometimes allows companies to restructure contracts, such as union deals, which was a big problem for Interstate. At any rate, companies emerge from Chapter 11 with a much better debt and cash-flow picture."
"Municipal organizations, such as cities or school districts, have a form of bankruptcy similar to Chapter 11, which is called Chapter 9 bankruptcy. Chapter 9 bankruptcy allows a municipal entity to restructure its debt and reorganize its operations, similar to Chapter 11."
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Alcoa Company Analysis, 2006.
An analysis of the Alcoa Company, a world leader in the production of alumina and aluminum.
2,792 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes the Alcoa Company, one of the global leaders in the production of alumina, aluminum and the coordination of supply chains specifically for the natural materials used for creating these products. The paper reports that the company's center of operations is located in Pittsburgh, PA employing 129,000 people in over 350 operating locations in 42 countries. According to the paper, raw material prices are critical to the present and future profitability of Alcoa.
Outline:
Company Description
Company Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Industry Analysis
Global Aluminum Demand
Alcoa Financial Analysis
From the Paper
"Primary Metals. - This business segment of Alcoa generated After Tax Operating Income (ATOI) $480MM in Q4'06 vs. $346MM in Q2'06 and $242MM in Q4'05. This segment is benefiting year-over-year from rising aluminum prices and higher production offset by start-up costs at the new state-of-the-art smelter in Iceland and higher carbon and pitch costs that affect production costs. This specific operation of Alcoa is also heavily influenced by aluminum prices, and performance in this specific segment will also be heavily influenced by the efficiency of their supply chain."
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