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British Petroleum (BP) Stock Exchange Analysis, 2005.
A study of BP's (British Petroleum) market for share performance within a national context.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that studying the price fluctuations of BP's shares in relation to the London Stock Exchange alone leads to lopsided conclusions.
From the Paper
"On the most superficial and obvious of levels, one may define the London Stock Exchange that corporate entity which lists publicly traded companies and evaluates the share princes for each. On a more fundamental level, the London Stock Exchange further functions as an indicator of both the state of the national economy and the state of the international financial market. To comprehend this, one must imagine the London Stock Exchange as a part of a larger whole. Therefore, while the London Stock Exchange offers an indication of the performance of the British stock market and the various economic sectors which comprise it, the fact is that each of these sectors has an international scope. This is perfectly true in relation to the petroleum industry. Should one desire to evaluate the performance of this industry, as a whole, within the British context, the London Stock Exchange will furnish all the necessary information, including the performance of individual firms. However, were one aiming towards a more precise understanding of fluctuations and rises in British Petroleum's (BP) market for shares, one needs to overview the international financial market or global economy, analyzing the performance of the petroleum sector in key markets."
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The Globalization Of Capital, 2005.
Argues that capital is even more unevenly distributed between the North and the South because of it globalization.
2,878 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the means by which capital is becoming globalized and argues that capital has become even more unevenly distributed between the North and the South, giving rise to the argument that the creation of global capital has had untold negative consequences for the poorer nations. The paper then attempts to prove this argument through an examination of the consequences of free trade and the activities of MNCs. Finally, the paper concludes that the removal of capital controls and the removing of much of a nation's control over capital has not just jeopardized national sovereignty, but has placed the Lesser Developed Countries (LDCs) in a position of financial instability.
From the Paper
"The development of global economy has always depended upon the globalization of capital. For a global economy to emerge, capital itself must become global whereby it can easily move across national boundaries, without being confronted with obstacles. In this respect, capital here means both finance capital, and capital assets, including labour. Therefore, under the umbrella of globalization, and the determination to make capital global, labour, capital assets and finance capital will move across borders. In brief, globalization, guided by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and aided by the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), will establish a global economic system guided by the principle of free movement of capital, as facilitated by trade, foreign direct investment in the form of multinational corporations (MNCs), and the transference of chunks of national economic sovereignty to international financial institutions (IFI), such as the WB and the IMF, creating a largely uniform global economic system (Adams, 1999)."
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Financial and Management Analysis of the Egyptian Stock Market, 2004.
Examines the development and performance of the Egyptian stock market, drawing comparisons with the operation of stock markets in First-World markets
15,643 words (approx. 62.6 pages), 36 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The thesis of this paper examines the present state of securities markets in Egypt in light of the country's needs for economic growth and analyzes their problems with the institutional measures currently existing. Following an introductory chapter on the importance of capital markets development for Egypt, especially with regard to the privatization policy currently adopted by the government, the thesis addresses the capital markets in Egypt under several points. It emphasizes the existing securities market and the securities stock exchange, with the available operations of the stock exchanges and the supply and demand of securities and the institutional investor interest in securities; determines the role of existing financial (non-banking) intermediaries as a source of capita for both the private and public sector that can be used to activate the capital market; discusses the role of the National Investment Bank (NIB) with its role as an intermediate chain between the various saving sources and the government commands, in addition to the rest of its roles; and analyzes the crucial role of the Capital Market Authority as the key organization and influence for capital markets development in Egypt. The paper also deals with the legal and tax framework, which serves as the background in which the capital market operates. Under this section, a study of the general laws that facilitate formations, operations, and issuance of securities by corporations is presented, as well as a study of the tax incentives and the financial accounting and auditing standards. In addition. the paper discusses the new capital market law.
From the Paper
"In studying the failure of the Egyptian Stock Market to live up to expectations or, at the minimum, stabilize and expand to emerge as a coherent and viable economic entity, one can identify a number of causal factors, ranging from a general lack of awareness of the potentials of the stock market as an investment arena, to government interferences. While each of the many causal factors plays a significant role in explaining the stated failure, all pale in comparison to the politico-legal factors underlying that failure. Briefly and simply stated, the Egyptian stock market is subject to seemingly arbitrary investment laws which encourage neither stabilization nor investments. Over and above, the laws are constantly changed, or undergoing endless reform processes which communicate to potential investors that the market has yet to develop a tight and stable framework as would motivate investment."
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Inventory Control Systems, 2005.
This paper discusses inventory control systems as they relate to the overall production for a company.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the four factors of production are land, labor, capital, and enterprise. The author points out that the Periodic Inventory System is a physical count inventory, usually made at the end of the accounting period, which does not maintain a detailed record of the actual inventory kept during the accounting period. The paper stresses that persons in charge of controlling the inventories in a business must follow certain steps and perform an accurate inventory control in order to avoid high costs due to overstocking matters.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Production Factors
What Is Inventory
Cost Associated with High Inventories
Inventory Systems
Periodic Inventory System
Perpetual Inventory System
Conclusion
Graph
From the Paper
"Inventory is the value of a firm's current assets that are shown on the balance sheet, generally at cost. Inventory or merchandise inventory is generally applied to goods or materials available on hand that are held by a merchandising firm, either wholesale or retail. It includes raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods that are ready for sale, but has not been sold yet."
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Delegation in Business, 2005.
Shows how the author used the concept of delegation in his business.
781 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
Using his personal experience, the author of this paper explains when delegation is used in his business, how delegation could be used more effectively in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling a business, and describes what skills are needed for delegation.
From the Paper
"It is said, "That which does not kill you will only make you stronger." In other words adversity can make you stronger. The implication is that it is only be true to a point and it is essential to know what that point is. It is important to be aware of your strengths and weaknesses and to have a firm grasp on your schedule so you can know when you should remain in control of a task and when to delegate it."
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Interest Rates, 2005.
This paper discusses the Fed's measured and deliberate increase of interest rates over recent months up to current rates.
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses what interest rates are, who controls interest rates, how interest rates affect an economy, the conundrum of why 30-year interest rates have not increased in spite of all contrary experience, and a conclusion concerning whether interest rates should be increased at a measured or quick pace.
From the Paper
"I wonder if when Nostradamus was predicting the end of the world and saw the world awash in flames, what he really saw was the world awash in debt. Presently, because interest rates in the United States are so low, Americans and American businesses have taken out loans at an increased rate to keep pace with their high demand of goods and services. The Bush administration's tax cuts have added fuel to this spending trend also. The purpose for these two actions was to jump start the United States economy; Policies that have been successful. The real GDP has continued to grow at a good pace and the fourth quarter of 2004 growth of 3.1 percent annual rate is an indication of this growth . But what are the consequences of this growth come?"
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Derivatives: The Insurance of the Financial World, 2004.
An overview of the definition and use of derivatives in the financial world.
1,402 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how a derivative is defined as a financial instrument, such as an option or future, that derives its value from the movement of a price, exchange rate, or interest rate associated with some other item. It provides different examples of how derivatives are used in the financial world and examines how they have been blamed for many financial scandals, such as the fall of Enron, WorldCom, and Global Crossing.
Outline
Introduction
Types of Derivatives
Examples of Derivatives
Accounting for Derivatives
Derivatives and Scandals
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Derivatives are classified into two different types. There are linear derivatives; whose payoff represents a linear function, meaning with every movement, a dollar amount is directly affected. The other form of derivative is a non-linear derivative, in which the payoff changes with time and location (Sooran, 2004). When an individual purchases shares of a company, the payoff is linear, not accounting for dividends paid. If the stock purchased increases, a profit is earned. In contrast, if the stock purchased decreases, a loss is incurred. An investor can choose options to minimize their risk when investing."
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Deregulation and Investment Banking, 2005.
An analysis of the effect of the deregulation of a commercial bank?s investment banking activities.
2,467 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The overturning of the Glass-Steagall Act has spawned numerous discussions and debates concerning the resulting effects. This paper reviews literature aimed at explaining the effects the FSMA has had on the values of commercial banks, investment banks, and thrifts, as well as the of effect of deregulation on corporate customers and the conflict of interest versus certification of value debates pertaining to commercial banks operating in the securities market.
From the Paper
"Studies done to date, in respect to the deregulation of commercial banks, are not sufficient and in some cases may have missed the boat. For instance, the study conducted by Czyrnik and Klein included thrift stocks (a variable of seemingly little importance) and excluded corporate customers. It would be interesting to see the results of a similar study concerning FSMA?s effect on the value of corporations who use investment banks compared to those who use commercial banks for underwriting IPOs. A study of this nature would serve well to examine the possible effects of commercial banks tying investment banking to credit offerings. Another possibility for a future study would be to interview investors with question regarding their perceptions concerning conflict of interest or certification of value that may or may not attribute to commercial banks engaging in underwriting securities."
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Enron, 2005.
A look at the spectacular rise and ultimate demise of the Enron Corporation.
3,398 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Enron from an historical and strategical
perspective and presents and collates an analysis that looks at Enron?s strengths in integration and market development, as well as its retrenchment weaknesses that led to its downfall.
From the Paper
"During its early years, Enron was formed as a conglomerate or merger between two companies controlling pipeline systems, and was set forth as a venture to provide a nationalized natural gas system for its customers. The company was not formed as the result of a joint venture technology, but rather started as a merger. Kenneth Lay was made CEO of Enron at this time, and remained in the company?s corporate power structure until its collapse. The company was formed after the merger of ?Houston Natural Gas? with Omaha, Neb.-based InterNorth to create the company that would eventually be named Enron Corp. The deal integrated several pipeline systems to create the first nationwide natural gas pipeline system? (Enron, 2002). Enron would later expand into other energy sources, services, and water."
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Securities Fraud and Insider Trading, 2005.
A look at the criminal aspects of securities fraud and insider trading as opposed to the civil aspects.
3,583 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the history of insider trading from a criminal standpoint, but focuses mainly on contemporary issues in terms of existing legal codes, as well as codes put forth by the SEC, and the way these rules and regulations have changed in the past few years. The contemporary nature of the report is also heightened by the current mass-media fixation on the issue of insider trading, which is also explored through examples, including that of Eri I. Tsao, Martha Stewart, and other case histories that center around criminal justice?s handling of insider trading cases. Changes in the system are discussed mainly as they are related to the SEC and criminal law.
From the Paper
"In the case of Tsao, a leading research scientist at Medlmmune, the criminal activity which took place involved using insider information to buy and sell stock for a profit. ?The SEC said Eric I. Tsao, a vice president at the Gaithersburg company, bought stock in three biotechnology companies soon after learning Medlmmune was close to completing business deals with each of them? (Barbaro, E1). Using this information, which had not been released to the public, to his own advantage, caused Tsao to be indicted on charges of insider trading. The biotechnology companies were supposed to have business deals with Medlmmune, which caused their stocks to go up after the deals were completed, earning Tsao a considerable profit of over one-hundred thousand dollars. Tsao?s case deals with the somewhat blurry line between criminal and civil suits, and thus should not be dwelt upon too extensively. His case represents criminal behavior, most definitely, but the suit filed against him by the SEC was not based on criminal charges, but rather, civil ones."
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Financial Managers and Accountants, 2004.
An analysis of the differing roles of financial managers and accountants.
747 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The role of the financial manager has become more predominate over the last few years and is different from the role of an accountant. This paper discusses how financial managers have become more of a "hot commodity" because they provide more than just knowing how to record, and track transactions. It explains how a financial manager is involved in the vital roles of planning, budgeting, and analyzing risk.
From the Paper
"A Financial managers role works closely with accountants yet have a different role than an accountant. Financial managers are involved in the decisions that flow assets from investors to the companies and back to the investors. This typically is done to create a return on investments. They are the ones that make decisions on how to obtain financing for the companies, and then in turn how to use those assets to generate a return. This involves financial decisions about how they actually want to raise the money that will be utilized for the investment, and also the capital budgeting or which real assets the company will acquire."
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Europe's Enron, 2004.
Outlines the Parmalat accounting scandal, the European version of the Enron scandal.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper gives background information on the Parmalat SpA company, a dairy producer based in Italy, and outlines the financial scandal it caused, talks about who was involved in the scandal, and suggests preventive measures that could help prevent repetition of the same type of scandal.
From the Paper
"Parmalat SpA is a dairy producer based in Italy. The company?s products range from cheese and milk to cookies. Parmalat?s main focus is however on milk and other dairy based products. Parmalat is one of Europe?s biggest food producers and leads the nation in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) Milk and cream production. The company was started by Calisto Tanzi in 1961 in Parma, Italy. Tanzi?s had a small pasteurization plant. The company grew and was a global giant by the 80?s and listed on the Milan stock exchange in 1990 (wikipedia.org)."
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The Historical Cost Convention, 2004.
An overview of inflation accounting in the United Kingdom.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) should adopt an inflation accounting methodology for the United Kingdom that conforms to the general global trend to the use of inflation accounting as a more accurate means of preparing financial statements. It looks at how the use of historical cost leads to distortions in valuation of assets over time with the distortion magnifying in periods of high inflation or assets that are held over long periods of time. It also examines how the adoption of a specific inflation accounting methodology would function to standardize accounting practices in the preparation of financial statements and allow more effective comparability of the financial statements of firms in the United Kingdom with those of other nations.
From the Paper
"Inflation accounting is theoretically grounded on the need to maintain capital on an entity or proprietary basis and the need to properly value assets (Robson, The discourse, 197). From this perspective inflation accounting is involved with the need to accurately represent value. The primary difficulty with developing and implementing an inflation accounting method, however, lies with the concept of value, with varying interpretations of value in the perspective of shareholders, the perspective of corporate governance, and to some degree, from the perspective of fundamental economic theory. In addition, the uses of information regarding value can vary, with the information used as part of the decision-making process for each asset."
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Financial Statements, 2004.
A look at the main objectives of company financial statements.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the purpose and users of financial statements which can include present and future shareholders, creditors, employees, the government and the public at large. It looks at how the statement of principles focuses the attention of both regulatory authorities and the reporting entities on what it considers to be the main users of financial statements and current and future investors. It also discusses how there is clearly a limit to the amount of information that can be disclosed in a set of financial statements, as too much information would overwhelm users, who would not then be able to find the information relevant to them.
From the Paper
"According to the Accounting Standards Board, the Statement of Principles contains the philosophy of what the Accounting Standards Board is trying to achieve through the process of issuing accounting standards, and can be used to some extent as the mission statement of the Accounting Standards Board. In the Statement of Principles, several users of financial statements are identified (Accounting Standards Board 1999). These include present and future shareholders, creditors, employees, the Government, and the public at large. With such a diverse set of users for a company??s financial statements, it would be very difficult for a set of accounts to successfully satisfy the informational needs of all users fully. This is why the Statement of Principles focused the attention of, both regulatory authorities and the reporting entities, on what it considers to be the main users of financial statements, current and future investors."
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Japanese Accounting, 2004.
An exploration of the major external influences on Japanese accounting since the middle of the nineteenth century.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how it is due to the western method of accounting system that Japan has been able to progress so rapidly economically. It looks at how Japan had different accounting systems within the country in the pre-modern times and how these greatly hampered business, making it difficult to trade. It shows how with the western system of accounting, there was standardization which enabled Japan not only to trade internally but also with the rest of the world which has aided Japan to progress and grow rapidly.
Outline
External Influences
The Eagerness of People
From Proprietorship to Companies
Old Japanese Accounting Methods
Profit Measurement
Distinction Between Capital and Revenue Expenditures
Depreciation
Subsidiary Books
From the Paper
"Previously in Japan, there were small states and people had their own businesses. There was no concept of shareholders and a need to account for profits as the owners themselves took care of accounting for the revenues and profit. But with the western influence coming in, the businesses grew and partnerships and companies began to be formed. There were shareholders and thus there was a need to give justification to the shareholders. However, the accounting methods of Japan and that of the west were different initially which was creating a lot of problems and business dealings were being hampered. In order to avoid this, the Japanese steadily modified their accounting principles and methods and ways to match that of the West so that trade may become easier and easily accountable and fraud may be avoided."
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Alliant Energy, 2004.
A thorough analysis of Alliant Energy's annual report.
2,465 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the business strategies, liquidity ratios, activity measures, and niches for Alliant Energy. It is organized by a table of contents and offers an appendix showing each calculation to support assertions made in the paper.
From the Paper
"Alliant Energy Corporation is a holding company that provides energy products and services, as well as industrial services, such as environmental, engineering and transportation services. In 1998 Alliant Energy Corporation was formed through the merger of Wisconsin Power & Light Holdings, Inc (WPL) based in Madison, Wisconsin, IES Industries based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Interstate Power Company (IP&L) based in Dubuque, Iowa. Alliant Energy Corporation is a publicly held corporation that provides energy-related products and services to over three million customers around the world. Most of the customers are in the Midwest region, 1.4 million in Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Illinois."
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Dana Corporation Capital Structure, 2004.
Provides insight into and an analysis of Dana Corporation's capital structure.
1,181 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This report attempts provides insight into Dana Corporation?s capital structure. The paper focuses on identifying the company's book value, market value, and the levered value. The report then demonstrates, through a quantitative analysis, what a twenty percent increase in assets will do for Dana Corporation, and assumptions are made to recommend an optimal capital structure mix. The analysis incorporates an estimation of Dana Corp's cost of capital, price per share, and the overall market value of the firm.
From the Paper
"The relationship of the stockholder's equity to total liabilities has been shown to be the most significant indicator of a company's solvency because it provides the ratio of capital provided by the stockholders as compared to capital provided through creditors. The information obtained through the analysis in this report provides answers to the ever important question of whether or not a company should issue stock or carry debt. Unsophisticated investors often wonder why a company would purposely carry debt and one excellent motivation derived from the Modigliani-Miller (M&M) model demonstrates that debt can and often is used as a shield against taxes. If a company like Dana decides, therefore, to carry debt, the tax shield would be used to lower overall costs. The next idea then is for a company like Dana to obtain an ideal or optimal mix between debt and equity."
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Mass Marketed Tax Schemes, 2004.
This paper examines the effectiveness of anti-avoidance provisions in dealing with mass-marketed tax schemes.
2,753 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 36 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
In recent decades, mass-marketed tax schemes have been the subject of great attention by the Taxation Office, Federal Parliament, as well as investors, advisors and promoters of such schemes. The papers lists the several reasons for such attention, which include the negative effect such schemes are having on the Australian tax base, the method of financing involved, as well as increasing costs for administering such schemes. Further, in terms of the individual investors in these schemes, unexpected exposure to interest and penalties on any resulting unpaid tax has also been under the spotlight.
From the Paper
"Before we begin, it is important to define mass-marketed tax schemes. Unlike some other schemes that can be ascribed as ?boutique?/ ?one-off? arrangements tailored for high income or high wealth individuals and large corporate entities, mass-marketed tax schemes are more generic arrangements and products marketed widely to taxpayers from different economic backgrounds . Mass-marketed tax schemes include employee benefit trusts, agricultural schemes with round robin and limited recourse funding, and certain film schemes with guaranteed returns that are, in effect, a return of part of the invested funds."
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