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"How to Do Business with the Japanese", 2005.
This paper describes the business culture of Japan based on the book "How to Do Business with the Japanese" by Boye deMente.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Americans and other Westerners find negotiating with Japanese both frustrating and fascinating because Westerns are unable to believe things are as they seem in Japanese business proceedings, which results in some unusual and roundabout ways of negotiation. The author points out the difficulty of using advertising created in America because many English terms simply do not translate properly into Japanese and many of the people working at so-called "English-speaking agencies" do not speak English well enough. This paper concludes that, although the book was written in 1993, the author's description of the hard and fast traditional ways the Japanese strongly insist on doing business with foreigners means it will be well into the 21st century before anything changes and the Japanese will come to realize that some of their frustrating business methods need to be updated and internationalized.
From the Paper
"The language barriers are formidable. DeMente figures only about 5% of all interpreters from Japanese to English are truly competent, which means that often the nuances of both languages fail to get translated and everyone misses the point. Even in lighthearted situations, the misunderstandings can be hard to grasp. At an Osaka hotel, next to a series of sunlamps in the spa, there was a sign which read "To Kill Water Bugs." Actually, the lamps were for athlete's foot treatment, but the Japanese term for Athlete's foot is mizu mushi which translates as "water bugs"."
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Chinese Art, 2006.
A guide to the study of Chinese art through the Yuan dynasties.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the study of art of the dynasties up to and through the Mongol Yuan dynasties involves the blending of art from the prior dynasties into the Yuan.
Outline
Thesis Statement
The By the Artist Approach
Ch'ien Hsuan
From the Paper
"Cahill suggests in his writings, both the work cited and other volumes of his body of works, that perhaps the easiest manner for the Westerner to understand the full significance of Chinese Art through the Yuan dynasties is by the study of several of the artists of the periods involved. This therefore gives one a truer picture of what precisely the circumstances, pressures, social effects and other factors during the time of any given work's preparation. This becomes a vital key to the understanding of the whole scope, and a very large scope it is indeed, of this vast period of World history. A history too many Westerners know very little about and because of the circumstances now existing in China and Taiwan even the Chinese literate are beginning to loose sight of in their headlong rush into globalization. "
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Taoism: The Way for China, 2006.
A look at how Taoism influences Chinese society and government.
2,032 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Taoist thought in government, literature and martial arts dominates Chinese culture. Tao simply means "the way" and for centuries, millions of Chinese have practiced the way to be one with nature and one with the gods.
Outline
History of Taoism
Application of Taoism in Society
What is Taoism?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Tai Chi, the most popular Taoist martial art, is practiced by millions of people in China. Even government officials practice Tai Chi. Mao Tse Tung practiced daily. The religion or philosophy is woven into every aspect of their society and government. Mr. Casey(Kai Sai in China) was a businessman who sold maritime insurance to the Chinese Government, was introduced to "The Boxing" by government officials. According to Casey, the I-Ching Hexagram number 61 is known as Kung Fu. The various lines in the Hexagram deal with Master Energy and how to use Master Energy to control various behaviors and how to master their energy."
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A Comparative Analysis of Modernization in China and Japan, 2006.
A discussion of Barrington Moore's book comparing modernization efforts in Japan and China entitled "Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World."
1,816 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Barrington Moore's book about Japanese political leaders and why they were able to launch a successful modernization effort nearly a century earlier than political leaders in China. The paper explains that Moore does this by comparing and contrasting the ideological, social and political histories of the two countries and then, in greater detail, discusses those comparisons.
From the Paper
"In China, an upper class consisting of scholar-officials and landlords wielded considerable influence. The system of examinations by which individuals acquired imperial posts produced an elite group of classically educated men who used their government positions to increase their families' wealth and land holdings. The means of wealth acquisition were less than legal in most cases, but graft was socially acceptable though illicit. Chinese motivation for development of personal wealth reflected in large part the patrilineal lineage mechanism in place. For the benefit of his family, then, the Chinese scholar used his power to accumulate wealth for his descendants. The avenues leading to the examinations were not equally accessible to all, however, so the peasants were essentially excluded from imperial posts. The significant characteristics of the relationship between the gentry and the peasantry will be described shortly."
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Japanese Shoji Screens, 2005.
Examines the history and functions of shoji screens used to divide living spaces in Japan.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The traditional Japanese home is based on Ma - the balance between space and objects. The space is divided by shoji screens, which slide on wooden tracks and can be detached to let the outside in. This paper discusses the history of shoji screens and how it influenced western design.
From the Paper
"Shoji has been used in modern Western homes in various ways. Large pane windows with unpleasant views are roofed with shoji to improve the overall appearance. Walls are covered with shoji to increase the sense of spaciousness as well as to add more light through the screen's natural reflecting qualities. A pair of shoji sliding doors is ideal for bathrooms, and space-saving shoji doors function as a closet. For the bathroom, waterproof material often is built-in with the shoji."
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Japan's Economic Development, 2006.
A history of Japan's economic development after WWII.
3,727 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper details Japan's rise as an economic power from the period immediately following WWII to the present. The paper explains the strategy Japan used to achieve the status of an economic superpower, how their economic success has affected other world economies and, in particular, the U.S. economy, discusses the Japanese government's total focus on strengthening the economy while disregarding, as a goal, the strengthening of the military and reviews the country's industrial policies. The paper also examines the state of Japanese consumers and compares it to the state of American consumers and concludes with a discussion of Japan's current financial situation.
Table of Contents
Effect of World War II on Japan
The Bureaucratic Mind
Economic Development and National Security
Ups and Downs in Industrial Policies
The State of Japanese Consumers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The occupation of Japan by the Allied Powers started in August 1945 and ended in April 1952. General Macarthur was its first Supreme Commander. The whole operation was mainly carried out by the United States. Japan basically lost all the territory acquired after 1894 In addition; the Kurile Islands were occupied by the Soviet Union. Okinawa was returned to Japan in 1972, however a territorial dispute with Russia concerning the Kurile Islands has not been resolved yet. The remains of Japan's war machine were destroyed, and war crime trials were held. Over 500 military officers committed suicide right after Japan surrendered, and many hundreds more were executed for committing war crimes. A new constitution went into effect in 1947 in Japan. The Emperor who was considered the Supreme Head lost all political and military power and was made a symbolic Head of the State. Universal suffrage was introduced and human rights were guaranteed. Japan was also forbidden to ever lead a war again or to maintain an army."
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Singapore Economy, 2005.
An overview of the benefits of doing international business with Singapore.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Since 1965, Singapore has achieved rapid economic growth through industrialization, resulting in a major change in its social and economic structures. This paper examines why the Singaporean economy is so successful and why it is considered an excellent country to do business with.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Foreign Investment
Linkages
Intellectual Resources
Your Home Base for Asia
US-Singapore FTA Business Coalition
Economic Indicators
Key Indicators
Business Threats
Chinese Threat
Conclusion
Sources
From the Paper
"Singapore corporate culture may be government-dominated and clubby, but it is hard to see it as a security threat to anyone, least of all the US. Since independence in 1965, through the Vietnam War and up to today's war on terror, Singapore has been the US's most supportive ally in Asia. Singapore hosts an important US naval base. Unlike Korea, the Philippines and Japan, it does so with no apparent local opposition.."
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The Relationship between the United States and Japan, 2006.
A brief history of economic and political relations between Japan in the United States since the end of WWII.
2,789 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by examining the broad issue of trade that affects the United States and Japan today. The paper then takes a look at the cultural and historical factors that have led to Japanese dominance in business. Finally, the paper considers how the Japanese gains in automobile market share have affected the United States and the world economy, as well as the problems and the opportunities facing business in an international setting given these circumstances.
From the Paper
"The United States and Japan have an interesting relationship. It was not so long ago that Japan was the sworn enemy of the United States, intent on the downfall of the United States. It was Japan that destroyed Pearl Harbor, dragging the United States into World War II. The fighting in Europe was intense, but fighting in the Pacific was more arduous, filled with more danger, against an enemy whose cruelty seemed to know no bounds. Stories of the war that fill high school history textbooks include the Japanese basically going on suicide, or Kamikaze missions to destroy U.S. naval power. The books tell a story of soldiers who buried POW's in the sand up to their necks, propped the POW's mouths open with sticks, and allowed local ants and other insects to feed on the soft tissue of the POW's mouths and throats. In response to this threat, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on two of Japan's cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It was after the Japanese surrender that the relationship between the two countries became really interesting."
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The Asian-American Immigrant, 2004.
A discussion of the Asian-American culture through a review of their literature.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the way the literature of a certain culture portrays that culture. The focus of this paper is on the Asian-American immigrant population. The paper examines and compares two novels written by Asian-Americans, "China Boy" by Gus Lee and "The Hundred Secret Senses" by Amy Tan. The paper contends that the two novels share similarities in setting, the role of multiple languages and the belief in the Chinese spirit world. Nevertheless, the paper points out that these similarities exist only in the most general sense; these three shared themes are dealt with very differently in each book.
From the Paper
"The United States of America is a country of immigrants. Throughout the history of our nation, people from all over the world have come to the United States. Disparate as their reasons for new so may be, all immigrants had to learn to cope with a similar situation. Living in a new and, to them, foreign nation, the immigrants had to come to terms with both their present and their past and how the two could be integrated. What that de facto meant is that the immigrants and their children had, in order to become successfully a part of the culture of the United State, to reconcile the culture of their homeland with American culture. This reconciliation was often unwilling or forced, and often fraught with problems. Nevertheless, immigrants often wanted to keep part of their old customs, even while adapting to America. In the twentieth century, America has experienced a wave of non-European immigrants."
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Master Ukiyo-E Artist: Kitagawa Utamaro, 2005.
This paper discusses the Tokugawa society and its master ukiyo-e artist Kitagawa Utamaro.
2,585 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Kitagawa Utamaro, a master of portraying beautiful women in the pleasure quarters of Edo (modern Tokyo), was a significant contributor to the ukiyo-e arts and was a great influence to future artists such as Monet, van Gogh and Gauguin. The author points out that Kitagawa Utamaro's artwork flourished under the highly restrictive and moralistic Tokugawa government; nonetheless, his wood block prints were highly regarded. The paper relates that ukiyo-e artists always concerned themselves with pictorial themes, which emphasize the popular, the familiar or the erotic, at times exceeding the limits of morality.
From the Paper
"Financial security took on the form of a national market economy as well. The Tokugawa government implemented a widespread and lasting expansion of domestic commerce and manufacturing that heavily relied on money and credit, "This monetization of the economy made possible nation-wide transactions of a long-term nature, and caused the disappearance of barter and sporadic fairs." The social and political stability helped with the development of trade and credit facilities in Nagasaki, Kyoto, Osaka and Edo. Under Tokugawa rule, the townspeople enjoyed more opportunities and greater security in these places than in the average castletown. Due to these developments, more people were able to engage in trade and there was a creation of occupational skills, pride and integrity."
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Chinese Government Political Reforms, 2005.
A discussion of reforms in the Chinese political arena and how these affect the economy in practice.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The reforms that the Chinese government introduced in the last couple of decades or so have brought about a tremendous change in the Chinese economy, to the extent that a major reduction of poverty and a quick increase in income levels are experienced. This paper discusses the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies and the market characteristics of the country.
From the Paper
"From Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to the current leadership level, the Chinese have shown a firm commitment towards economic reforms and opening the Chinese economy to the outside world. (Background Note: China) Hence the business environment in China is considered to be very attractive and there are many multinational companies that have already made use of the opportunities offered and many others are venturing to enter the Chinese business market. (Understanding Eastern & Western Culture and Business Practices Legacee) In this paper we shall have an understanding of the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies, and shall look at the market characteristics of the country."
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Chinese Wives, 2006.
A look at the role of the ideal Chinese wife from an historical perspective.
5,069 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the ideal Chinese wife as it relates to the late Qing Dynasty and the revolutionary period. The paper investigates how the idea of the ideal wife changed during these periods. It begins with a historic overview of the role of woman and marriage during much of the Qing Dynasty.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historic Overview
The Role of the Ideal Wife (Qing Dynasty)
Footbinding
Wives during the Chinese Revolution (After the Qing Dynasty)
Comparison of the Roles of Wives during the Qing and Revolutionary
Periods
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, under the Qing dynasty marriage was expected of all young men and women. According to the laws of the dynasty, marriage was viewed as necessary during the teenage years also referred to as young adulthood. Although young adults throughout China married, the period known as young adulthood was something designated for the elite. According to Smith (1994), this time seemed ideal for marriage because it was the stage at which the demands of education and parental involvement began to decrease."
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Indian Culture, 2006.
An overview of the culture and traditions of India.
989 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the cultural life learned within the family unit of Indian families. The paper looks at the typical family structure, relationships and living arrangements within the family and the lines of authority. The paper also describes the different types of medicine practiced in the country, how it is administered and who is typically responsible for its administration.
From the Paper
"In India, the essential themes of cultural life are learned within the family unit, and in most of the country, the basic units of society are the patrilineal family unit and wider kinship groupings, with the most widely desired being the joint family, consisting of three or four patrilineally related generations living under one roof, working, eating, and worshiping in mutually beneficial social and economic activities (Indian pp). Patrilineal joint families include men related through male lineage, and their wives and children, and while most women are expected to live with their husband's relatives, they retain bonds with their birth families (Indian pp). Clusters of relatives live near each other in order to maintain strong bonds and respond to family obligations, such as economic and emotional support, and assistance in daily work and emergencies (Family Ideals pp). Moreover, specific annual rituals help define kin groups, such as the worship of the goddess to ensure the welfare of the lineage."
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World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 2005.
This paper discusses the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its relationship to the economy of Indonesia, China, Thailand, the Philippines, Korea, Vietnam and Cambodia.
3,980 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been responsible for lending billions of dollars to Asian countries over the past thirty years; but, in the past, some countries were unable to repay their loans and the loans had to be refinanced in order to support the country's economy. The author points out that, to protect their investments, the IMF and the World Bank conduct a series of negotiations with the government that wishes to borrow money; these negotiations establish a series of policies and changes that the government promises to establish in order to enhance and strengthen its economy. The paper relates the economy and relationship to the IMF of several Asian countries including Indonesia, one of the leading recipients of foreign bank lending, whose history of borrowing has been troubled by political corruption and an unstable financial sector.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Indonesia
China
Thailand
The Philippines
Korea
Vietnam
Cambodia
From the Paper
"China used to be one of the world's poorest countries. Twenty years ago, 80 percent of the population was living on less than US$1 a day and there was an illiteracy rate of 60 percent. However, over the past two decades China has made enormous progress in reducing poverty. In 1978 and again in 1995, China launched an economic reform program which took it from being a communist economy to a market-based one. The economic reform package brought the country up to average growth rate in gross domestic product of 8 percent a year. Growth has continued in China and the poverty rate has declined, bringing more than 200 million Chinese above the poverty level."
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Confucius, 2004.
An analysis of the life and works of Confucius.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a biographical account of the life of the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history, Confucius. The paper tracks the mile stones in the life of Confucius, contending that his ideas served as the single strongest influence on Chinese society. The paper explores the basic tenets of Confucianism, highlighting how they stress the need to develop moral character and responsibility. The paper claims that Confucius is arguably the most important political thinker in the entire East Asian tradition.
From the Paper
"Confucius was the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history. From the 100's B.C. to the 1900's A.D., his ideas served as the single strongest influence on Chinese society. These ideas, called Confucianism, stress the need to develop moral character and responsibility. In fact, Confucius is arguably the most important political thinker in the entire East Asian tradition. His teachings have had a profound impact upon the political and social development not only of China, but also of Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and other Asian lands. Furthermore, even in the modern era, his works remain influential."
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Feng Shui, 2006.
An examination of the history of feng shui and the void it has filled in western culture.
4,578 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the main concepts which are incorporated into the practice of feng shui. It explains that while it was considered with much scepticism in the beginning, feng shui has now successfully filled a much-needed void in western culture - practically in house design situations, and philosophically too.
Feng Shui More than a Fad
Wandering Founders
More than Geomancy
Chinese Folk Religion Inspires New Age
The Compasses
Religious Harmony
Feng Shui in Historical Context
Taoism, Confucianism, and Feng Shui
The Exportation of Feng Shui
Chinese Folk Religion and Feng Shui Persecuted
Classical Versus New Age Feng Shui
Feng Shui Growth and Transformations
The 'Flow' of Chinese Cities
Feng Shui Developments Throughout the Dynasties
No Replacements for Chinese Folk Religion
From the Paper
"The cultural revolution had destroyed the place of honor where Feng shui was held for thousands of years in China. Today, architects, designers, and homeowners in the East and West alike use ancient practices for placement, building, and decorating dwellings and workplaces. (Phan 2004) However, there are varying degrees of accuracy, confusion, and obfuscation of the original Feng shui ideals. "The West tends to demand quick immediate results and gratification, the antithesis of the East. ... Feng Shui... must be learned through centuries, and understanding the science behind them, rather than attaching some esoteric and mystical 'face' to these wisdom." (Phan 2004) The art of Feng shui is an ancient tradition that has been commercialized in modern culture, and mocked by the masses. However, there is a great deal that can be learned from these guidelines. In fact, many of the original Feng shui guidelines can be scientifically or logically proven through accepted means of today's world. The peasants of China and others who follow the ancient traditions despite accusations of being backwards and superstitious are a glimpse into ancient times and a living testimony to Chinese folk religion."
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Agricultural Practices in Emerging Nations, 2005.
This paper identifies sustainable agricultural practices in emerging nations especially China.
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in their haste to introduce market reforms and efficiencies into their antiquated agricultural systems, many emerging nations have sacrificed their environment and citizens' health in exchange for some well-intentioned but misguided short-term gains in productivity. The author points out that past agricultural practices were based on tradition and spiritual concepts; however, many emerging nations have succeeded in overcoming these constraints through innovative policies and initiatives. The paper stresses that modern western agricultural practices rely heavily on heavy and expensive equipment as well as industrial pesticides and fertilizers to wrench continued high yields from the soil are not readily transferable to many emerging nations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Existing Agricultural Practices in China Today
Innovative and Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Current and Future Trends
What Can Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Within rural sociology, sustainable agriculture is frequently considered to be a mutually exclusive "competing paradigm" that challenges conventional agriculture on environmental, economic and ideological grounds. As a result, much of the research on identifying sustainable agricultural practices has been focused on understanding the characteristics which differentiate conventional and alternative farmers, as well as the conditions that serve to constrain or facilitate the development of alternative practices and ways of thinking among farmers and agriculture more generally. For example, researchers have examined a variety of farmer and farm attributes such as age, education, orientation to risk, perception of environmental problems, farm size, and profitability; the impact of agricultural markets and prices and state policies, programs and services have also been examined extensively."
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Chinese Terracotta Warriors, 2005.
This paper discusses the archaeological Chinese treasure Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum, especially the terracotta warriors, dating from the 221 B.C. and discovered in 1974.
3,165 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ancient Chinese believed that life in the nether regions after a person dies was similar to the present-day human world; therefore, emperor and supreme ruler of this world Qin Shi Huang commissioned the construction of a huge mausoleum, designed to look just like the Xianyang palace. The author points out that the tomb of the Emperor Qin has not been excavated; however, his buried terracotta army unearthed nearby has stunned the world and is being called the "eighth wonder of the world". The paper relates that the life-size images of his armed forces were made out of pottery and bronze and buried near him to guard his soul; of the more than 2,000 warriors already unearthed, no two look alike and their uniforms show different military ranks.
From the Paper
"Was this the same as the "pottery men" found by others many years ago in another village? They report their discovery to a local official, and over the next several weeks, archaeologists reveal a huge underground vault or room or cave. It was bigger than a football field and inside was thousands of life-sized clay or terracotta stat ues of soldiers. The pit is the resting place of more than 6,000 full-size soldiers, all standing in formation, many with their horses ready for battle. Most of the warriors are over six feet tall; some are close to seven. The statues tower over modern-day Chinese. The detail is astonishing. Thirty years later, the work continues on uncovering and restoring this vast discovery."
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