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Privatization in China, 2008.
This paper explores worker resistance to privatization in the state-owned sector of the Chinese economy.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why individuals working within state-owned enterprises in China have not relented in their resistance to privatization.
Specifically, the paper discusses fears about job loss, the elimination of traditional job benefits and the general cynicism felt by many when looking at Beijing's efforts to carry out major economic reforms. The paper also examines the productivity of the country's state-owned enterprises and the social inequalities that privatization has created or aggravated. The paper concludes that there are many compelling reasons why so many individuals within China's remaining state-owned firms are unhappy with privatization.
From the Paper
"To start with, state employees are unhappy about privatization because of what it means for their long-term future. For many decades prior to the advent of the contemporary privatization phenomenon in China, state workers could expect to receive from SOEs or state-owned enterprises lifetime employment, free health care, respectable (even enviable) pensions, and inexpensive housing. In more recent years, as the privatization and "marketization" measures of Beijing have been felt in more and more quarters, responsibility for welfare provision have increasingly shifted to individuals and to communities (Gu, 129). Understandably, this new burden is not exactly embraced by workers who, whatever benefits they received in the past terms of job security and in terms of attendant benefits, were not extravagantly recompensed for their time and effort."
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The Asian Values Debate, 2008.
Looks at Asian values as they apply in the debate of political freedom vs. political power.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that at the center of the Asian values debate is the contention by its proponents that the cultural and social fabric of many of East Asia's and Southeast Asia's societies are radically different than many of those found in the West and therefore cannot support the Western values and ideologies founded upon liberal democracy and human rights. The paper then points out that the alternative Asian paradigm envisions a benign but autocratic type of government, which makes decisions based on the collective good as a way to promote social harmony, such as Communist China. The paper then describes Asian values and how they apply to issues of freedom and power.
Table of Contents:
Overview
What are Asian Values?
The Politicization of Values
Political Freedom or Power
From the Paper
"The inverse argument to the Asian values debate is that while many might concede that there is a legitimate rationale to this viewpoint, it in no way substantiates the claim that liberal democracy's ideals are somehow invalid. Mahbubanin tends to argue that Asian values are not only a sound alternative but a legitimate moral philosophy that in certain respects is less strident that liberal democracy and even more rational in some cases when he observes that the free press in most liberal democracies is in fact not such a free press after all"
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American Business Culture in Japan, 2008.
A look at the professional and work related customs and practices relevant to an American working in Japan.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses workplace and organizational culture as it would be experienced by an American company operating in Japan. The paper also examines the unique experiences to which an American employee working in Japan would be exposed to vis-a-vis workplace culture and practices. The paper recommends the acquisition of some deeper cross-cultural communication skills that extend beyond the workplace.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Negotiation & Culture
Physical Space & Time in the Workplace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For an American firm operating in Japan there are many considerations that must be made beyond the operational level. Perhaps the most important are at the organizational level where customs, culture, and host-national considerations must be made. This is because the subject of intercultural communication has become not just a politically correct topic in today's increasingly diverse societies, but a matter of necessity given the spread of the global economy and the degree of economic integration which finds companies now moving into foreign countries such as Japan where the Asian culture and work ethic becomes a vital consideration."
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Privatization in China, 2008.
Explores the reasons for the resistance to privatization in China.
2,180 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines a few key reasons why there has been so much resistance to privatization with China's state-owned firms. Specifically, the paper looks at how the new push towards economic liberalization within China is seen as a legitimate threat to the jobs of millions of Chinese workers. The paper concludes that only time will tell if Beijing's move towards a market-based economy will bear fruit, but the trend towards privatization still has many people to win over.
From the Paper
"Another factor driving the resistance to privatization is that it means a new means of doing business - and change is always a troublesome thing for highly-bureaucratized organizations that are forced to transform their institutional culture, their internal logic, and the overall way in which they do business. In the case of China, those corporations that have not been sold off by the government nonetheless are now expected to be more entrepreneurial and to structure themselves along the same lines as western corporations."
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Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, 2008.
This paper explores the potential of foreign direct investment in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
1,599 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The author explains why he believes that foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam would be a promising investment. The paper discusses the success of the Vietnamese stock market, Vietnam's comparative advantage in trade, and its short and long-term growth potential. The paper also examines the risks associated with investing in a highly regulated capitalist market with strict government controls on foreign ownership. In addition, the paper looks at the risks of regional competitors, Thailand, the Philippines and China. The paper concludes that Vietnam is a strong investment target for FDI; although there are regulatory and political risks associated with the market, these are outweighed by the return potential over the long-term.
Outline:
Personal Statement
The Vietnamese Stock Market
Favorable Factors in FDI
Economic Growth Potential
Risk Factors
Risks of Regional Competitors
From the Paper
"I have been employed in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnam) in the past for a period of several years. Most recently, I was in Vietnam during the last World Trade Organization (WTO) discussions were taking place there regarding its accession into the WTO during 2006. However, prior to these discussions regarding WTO accession, I witnessed dramatic changes in Vietnam that led me to believe that foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam would be a promising investment. Some of the most prominent changes were the investments in infrastructure that the Vietnamese government was making in order to facilitate commerce and industry."
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Islam in India, 2008.
This paper discusses the expansion of Islam into India in the 7th century.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer explores the early history of Islamic expansion into India, in particular during the 7th century CE. The writer notes that this discussion is in order to understand how this early expansion defined the later history of Islam in India. As is seen, the writer discusses that while there was an undeniable military aspect to this expansion, one's focus during this early period must be upon how Islam entered India through long-existing trade networks. Further, the writer looks at how Muslim preconceptions of Indian religion and culture defined these contacts with implications for the future of Islamic India.
From the Paper
"This being said, however, it is important to recognize that these early Islamic views of India were not based upon ignorance but were actually highly complex. As well, it would be erroneous to assume that these views stemmed from Muslim religious prejudices. On the contrary, historians contend that early Islamic expansion in India in the 7th century CE was not a consequence of the desire to spread Islam or even to acquire territory. Instead, it is argued that the motives behind the initial Islamic military incursions in India during this period were commercial in nature, and stemmed from a desire to protect trade between the Persian Gulf and the western Indian Ocean.
From this perspective, the early Islamic expansion into India in the 7th century CE occurred in the context of a complex trade and cultural relationship between Arabian society and Indian civilization that stretched back for centuries."
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China's History and Today's Business, 2008.
This paper discusses China's historical past and its current business success.
3,037 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This document discusses China's current economic success and expansion from the perspective of its historical continuity and identity. The writer contends that the early consolidation of China under the Emperor Huangdi is the initial shift that provides the foundation for the national and cultural consistency that supports business enterprise in the market. Additionally, the writer discusses that structural economic and social reforms instituted under Deng Xiaoping are utilized as part of this evolutionary development that allows China to effectively leverage its labor force as a competitive advantage to dominate manufacturing and trade. The writer concludes that China's historical past relevant to its unification ensured that it would develop the strong national identity required to support a market economy that could leverage its workforce to gain competitive advantage.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction & Aim
Historical Foundations
Reform Era
Current Economic Growth
Conclusion
From the Paper
" This research project examines the current economic and professional success both at a national levels as well as a global level within the context of its historical past and its evolutionary development as a nation. It is argued that China's early unification under a single Emperor during the 3rd century B.C. laid the foundation for national and cultural unity which provides much of the necessary social continuity for the country's current economic success. Additionally, the reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping are seen as the requisite structural changes which China needed to institute if it were going to successfully navigate the global economy and integrate itself within the international trade framework. Finally, the economic expansion that China is currently experiencing is touched upon as a result of these historical and structural advancements and the social factors of Chinese society are as a key component of Chinese enterprise now and in the future."
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Free To Be Me, 2008.
An analysis of Amy Tan's short story "Two Kinds".
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Amy Tan's short story, "Two Kinds", which shows how living one's own life, not the life others wish for you, is the secret to happiness. In this context, the paper explores the phenomenon of externally-imposed constraints, the ugly process of racial labeling and the courage required to break free of other people's definitions and expectations of oneself. The paper concludes by looking at the Chinese-American experience in America and how this shaped the dynamics of the Tan household. In the end, life is about living - and living well means living as oneself.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Amy Tan's life has really been about breaking out of the constraints others have imposed upon her - especially the constraints placed upon her by her own mother. For instance, the female head of the small Tan household was bitterly disappointed when it became evident that Amy would not be pursuing a career as a concert pianist and doctor ("Amy Tan," 2007). Indeed, one of the most poignant things about Tan's autobiographical, "Two Kinds," is how Tam's mother seems intent upon turning her daughter into some kind of a prodigy - into someone who, for all intents and purposes, will serve as a channel through which will pass the mother's own ambitions."
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"The Monkey and the Monk": An Allegory, 2008.
An examination of a major theme of social criticism in the abridged novel, "The Monkey and the Monk," based off of the Chinese classic, "The Journey to the West," by Anthony Yu.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper examines a major theme in the novel, "The Monkey and the Monk": that of the extraordinarily complicated and multi-layered bureaucracy of Chinese imperial society; manifested in the novel in the form of the celestial bureaucracy of Heaven. The essay explores this aspect of the work, with a particular reference to the figure of Sun Wukong or Monkey King.
From the Paper
"Clearly, this interaction of Monkey King with the Heavenly bureaucracy is depicted as a comic satire of the excessive claims of bureaucratic power. For readers of this story, it may be argued that an implied social criticism of the Chinese imperial bureaucracy would be inescapable. While the Jade Emperor would seem to be the Heavenly parallel to the Chinese Emperor, the fact that the power of even this eminent celestial being seems to be bound by records and accounts implies that the power of the earthly emperor is subject to such restrictions as well."
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East Asian Financial Crisis: Over or In Hibernation, 2008.
An analysis of the East Asian financial crisis.
2,181 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The East Asian financial crisis was an important developmental economic event in that region. This paper attempts to put that financial crisis in perspective. The paper examines the speculation on whether the region still might suffer from or be prone to the effects of such a financial crisis. The paper also explains that the East Asian financial crisis can best be characterized as a currency crisis.
Outline:
I. Introduction
Motivation
Problem Definition
Goals and Objectives
Significance of Study
Summary of Results
II. Literature Review
Relative to Prior Research
Relevant Literature
Theory and Methodology
III. Methodology
Relation to Previous and Present Literature
Hypothesis Formulation
Advantages and Limitations
Plan of Analysis
IV. Data Collection and Analysis
Results and Explanations
Achievement of Goals and Objectives
V. Implications and Policy Recommendations
Implications
Policy Recommendations
From the Paper
"The 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also known as the IMF crisis, caused the contraction of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The crisis began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other economic structures (Li). One unique characteristic of the East Asian financial crisis was not that it occurred but that it spread like a pandemic from one economy to the other in the region. The problem examined here is whether these conditions or characteristics that led to the financial crisis in the region persist in any real sense."
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"Korematsu vs.United States", 2008.
Looks at the Supreme Court case of "Korematsu vs.United States", which upheld the Japanese-American relocation order of WWII.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in September 1944, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of "Korematsu v. United States" (1944) by a 6-3 vote, to uphold Korematsu's conviction for violating the order to evacuate the West Coast. The author points out that the majority ruling was written by Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter wrote a concurring opinion and dissenting opinions were written by Robert Jackson, Owen Roberts, and Frank Murphy. The paper stresses that, in this case, the Court placed a heavy burden on anyone trying to defend racial discrimination even though the Court allowed such discrimination against Fred Korematsu. The author argues that, nonetheless, the Court should have protected Korematsu's constitutional rights.
From the Paper
"Fred Korematsu was an American citizen of Japanese ancestry and lived in the San Francisco Bay area. He had a good job and a steady girlfriend, and he decided not to obey the relocation order. He went so far as to have plastic surgery performed on his face, and he told strangers that he was of Mexican descent, or Spanish-Hawaiian. This was not an effective ploy, though, and Korematsu was arrested in May 1942 for failing to comply with the evacuation order."
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Sexuality in "A Passage to India", 2008.
A look at how E.M. Forster's book, "A Passage to India", demonstrates how sexuality influences relationships and situations in society.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper is an examination of the meaning of sexuality, the mystery that surrounds it in behavioral situations and the type of people involved, as ascribed to the characters in E.M. Forster's book, "A Passage to India". The tender subject of inter race relations with respect to sexuality is also clearly demonstrated in this review.
From the Paper
"Aziz also manages to develop a casual platonic friendship with one of the main female characters, Adela, because he finds her not only sexually unattractive but even plain and ugly. A telling scene is one between Aziz and protagonist Fielding, who discuss whether they are attracted to Adela. Aziz rejects her soundly based on her physical plainness, whereas Fielding dislikes her priggish intellectual interest in India. (Aziz is sexually motivated; Fielding is not.) Aziz moreover feels he can talk to Adela as a man - not a common attitude of men towards women at the turn of the last century, but one Aziz employs because of his tendency to equate femininity with sexuality and beauty. However, Aziz is not socially insensible, and he realizes that a proposed visit to Marabar Caves with Adela would be problematic, he being widowed and she being engaged. This attention to social mores indicates how sexually frigid people were in the early 1900s, regardless of race. A man and a woman who are not married should not be seen walking together in public; social mores are so strong on this matter that even Aziz, who can barely see Adela as a sexual object, realizes this. "
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The Chinese Imperial Eunuch, 2008.
Looks at the Chinese Imperial eunuch's biological, cultural and spiritual origins.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Chinese eunuch, the traditional figure of the Imperial palace, and the ways in which he has been understood at various points in history by various scholarly and historical works. The author suggests that the eunuch was not a merely utilitarian figure but one who occupied a position, which allowed a certain kind of traversing of boundaries between material and spiritual worlds. The paper relates that eunuchs sometimes became actors and singers as well as a select few who filled the roles of lamaist priests. The author points out that one of the more fascinating things about the role of the eunuch in Chinese society involved the emphasis on bodily wholeness so important in the culture.
From the Paper
"Eunuchs were believed to be disinclined to seek power or wealth for themselves, since they could not father children, and therefore would not be able to pass any success on to their sons. In his capacity, then, of witness to the women's lives, he was expected to make sure that any children born were actually heirs to the emperor, legitimately sired by him and no one else. In a time of high infant mortality it was especially important to the emperor to make sure that he sired as many sons, or potential future heirs, as possible."
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The Real Home, 2008.
This paper analyzes the autobiography "Running in the Family" by Michael Ondaatje.
2,147 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theme and construction of home in "Running in the Family", an autobiography by Michael Ondaatje. The paper explains how, although Ondaatje's home is both in Canada and Sri Lanka, his autobiography revolves primarily around his life in Sri Lanka. The paper highlights Ondaatje's stronger connection to his Sri Lankan upbringing and home, although it is in sharp contrast to his Canadian lifestyle today.
Outline:
Introduction
Running in the Family and "Home"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To Ondaatje, his home, Sri Lanka, seems a foreign thing, at least at the outset of the book. Living in Canada and thinking about a return to his home country, Ondaatje observes that the word "Asia" has none of the "clipped sound(s)" (22) of words such as Europe, America and Canada. As a Canadian citizen, Ondaatje must necessarily look at his home country through the tinted veil of a Westerner's glance at a strange, Eastern country. However, whilst Canada has become Ondaatje's adoptive home, his origins are still in Sri Lanka, Asia. From the very beginning, Ondaatje makes his construction of his birth home known. He expresses the irony he feels towards his home country by his feelings towards how the word "sounds" - for example, "the name (Asia) was a gasp from a dying mouth. An ancient word that had to be whispered, would never be used as a battle cry" (22). In other words, to Ondaatje, Asia has none of the modern grandeur of Western countries and Europe; it is an old place, irrelevant in today's time. Even the sound of the word is weird - "the vowels took over, slept on the map with the S" (22)."
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The History of Printing in Ancient China, 2008.
An analysis of the history of printing during the Tang Dynasty and the Sung Dynasty in Ancient China and its relationship to Buddhism and Confucianism.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper shows the important role that Buddhism and Confucianism played in the development of printing. It then shows the important role that printing played in the development and history of these two religions. The paper particularly discusses the history of printing from the time of the Tang Dynasty and the Sung Dynasty in Ancient China.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Very Beginning of Printing - Tang Dynasty (618-906)
Reasons why Printing was Invented - Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty
The Diamond Sutra
Buddhist and Confucian Books Printed in the Sung Dynasty
Importance of Printing to Buddhism and Confucianism
Commercial Uses for Printing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As has been shown above, the Ancient Chinese were the first to develop printing, during the Tang Dynasty and the Sung Dynasty. The main reason they did this was because printing was needed to produce and distribute more religious texts. In particular, Buddhist texts were the reason why early printing was developed. Printing then made possible the production of the first complete Buddhist canon. So, it must have been very important in spreading and developing Buddhism in China. Although printing was soon used for commercial applications, it continued to be important for religious literature. During the Sung Dynasty, it was used to produce Confucian books. Thanks to the invention of printing, a fair amount of early religious works still exist today."
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China, Canada and Petroleum, 2008.
This paper explores China's investment in Canada's petroleum industry.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses China's interest in investing in the extraction of oil products from Canada's tar sands. The paper also looks at China's energy needs and how their needs affect the Canadian energy industry. The paper then shows how Canada's petroleum exports are a windfall of unexpected revenues. The paper points out, however, that the price for Canada is a partial sacrifice of industry and perhaps even national sovereignty to China's foreign ownership and investment.
Outline:
Summary Proposal
China's Energy Needs
Canadian Energy Industry
The Economics of China's Investment
Canadian Economic Aspects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Canada is stated to own some of the second largest oil reserves in the world after Saudi Arabia. These are the tar sands in Western Canada which have been receiving much international interest as well as local interest (Unlocking). Yet, the extent of these oil fields are almost completely limited to vast oil sand fields in Alberta Province of Western Canada ("Canada"). Because of the extremely difficult and expensive nature of recovering and refining these types of oil supplies, Canada, and by extension, the Canadian economy has not benefited greatly from the existence of these oil reserves in the past. This situation has changed over the past several years with the increase in oil prices and the destabilization of the petroleum industry in general which has led to much interest from foreign entities interested in investing in the extraction of oil products from these tar sands with China or Chinese entities being one of the major interested parties."
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Scarce Resources in China - The Problem of Falling Groundwater, 2008.
An analysis of the economic and environmental problems facing China with a focus on water resources, agriculture and social policies.
927 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at one of the more urgent problems in China - that of falling groundwater and scarce freshwater resources. It considers not only issues around agriculture, environmental degradation and forced relocation, but also the different effects that large-scale social policies have on men and women alike.
From the Paper
"In recent years, surface water supplies for agriculture have been taken away from food production and given over to the manufacturing industry instead. This is in keeping with the government's push for heavy industrialization and economic growth. Unfortunately this decision has pushed farmers into an even more desperate position, leaving them with a still greater reliance upon groundwater for crop irrigation. By the end of 1997 North China had 2.6 million wells, and another 221,900 were drilled that very same year (Brown 2000). As a direct result of this excessive drilling, the water table has fallen 42 meters in the past three decades. What little water that does remain is under double assault: as farmers suck dry the lower aquifer, the upper limits are polluted by industrial waste. The situation is now critical in Beijing, where new wells must reach a depth of 1,000 metres to access fresh water (Brown 2000). "
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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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